UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK TOWAKI KOMATSU, Plaintiff, 20-CV-10942 (LLS) -against- ORDERTO AMEND CITY OF NEW YORK, et al., Defendants. LOUIS L. STANTON, United States District Judge: Plaintiff, appearing pro se, brings this action alleging that Defendants violated his rights. By order dated January 7, 2021, Chief Judge Colleen McMahon had directed the Clerk of Court to administratively close this action, in light of an order issued by Judge Edgardo Ramos, in a case pending before him, Komatsu v. City of New York, ECF 1:20-CV-7046, 62 (S.D.N.Y. Jan 5, 2021). Plaintiff filed a motion requesting that the case be reopened, and Chief Judge McMahon granted the order. The case was reassigned to the Court.For the reasons set forth below, the Court grants Plaintiff leave to file an amended complaint, within sixty days of the date of this order. DISCUSSION On December 15, 2020, Judge Ramos imposed restrictions on Plaintiff’s ability to file new civil actions in this court against New York City officials regarding Plaintiff’s exclusion from public meetings, including a requirement to seek permission before filing a new action. On January 5, 2021, Judge Ramos determined that this new civil action did not comply with the restrictions and directed the Clerk of Court to strike the submission. Id.Plaintiff filed letters seeking reconsideration, noting that this new action concerned claims outside of the public meeting exclusion cases. Specifically, Plaintiff alleged that he seeks to brings false arrest and malicious prosecution claims. As such, the case was reopened so Plaintiff could litigate these claims. A. Order to Amend The Court grants Plaintiff leave to file an amended complaint to raise his false arrest and malicious prosecution claims. Plaintiff shall assert facts in support of these claims and shall
name only defendants he claims were involved personally in falsely arresting him and maliciously prosecuting him. Any facts regarding his being excluded from public meetings will be stricken from the pleading, andany claims Plaintiff asserts against any defendants who were not personally involved in falsely arresting him and maliciously prosecuting him will be dismissed. In the statement of claim, Plaintiff must provide a short and plain statement of the relevant factssupporting each claim against each defendant named in the amended complaint. Plaintiff is also directed to provide the addresses for any named defendants. To the greatest extent possible, Plaintiff’s amended complaint must: a) give the names and titles of all relevant persons; b) describe all relevant events, stating the facts that support Plaintiff’s case including what each defendant did or failed to do; c) give the dates and times of each relevant event or, if not known, the approximate date and time of each relevant event; d) give the location where each relevant event occurred; e) describe how each defendant’s acts or omissions violated Plaintiff’s rights and describe the injuries Plaintiff suffered; and f) state what relief Plaintiff seeks from the Court, such as money damages, injunctive relief, or declaratory relief. Essentially, the body of Plaintiff’s amended complaint must tell the Court: who violated his federally protected rights; what facts show that his federally protected rights were violated; when such violationoccurred; where such violationoccurred; and why Plaintiff is entitled to relief. Because Plaintiff’s amended complaint will completely replace, not supplement, the original complaint,any facts or claims that Plaintiff wishes to maintain must be included in the amended complaint. B. Recusal
Plaintiff requests that the Court recuse himself based on the Court’s involvement in one of Plaintiff’sprior cases.See Komatsu v. City of New York, ECF 1:20-CV-8540, 10 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 22, 2020). Plaintiff’s request is denied. A judge is required to recuse himself from “any proceeding in which his impartiality might reasonably be questioned.” 28 U.S.C. § 455(a). When a judge’s impartiality is questioned on bias or prejudice grounds, “what matters is not the reality of bias or prejudice but its appearance.” Liteky v. United States, 510 U.S. 540, 548 (1994). That is, recusal is warranted if “an objective, disinterested observer fully informed of the underlying facts . . . entertain significant doubt that justice would be done absent recusal.” United States v. Yousef, 327 F.3d 56, 169 (2d Cir. 2003) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
The showing of personal bias to warrant recusal must ordinarily be based on “extrajudicial conduct . . . not conduct which arises in a judicial context.” Lewis v. Tuscan Dairy Farms, Inc., 25 F.3d 1138, 1141 (2d Cir. 1994) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). And “judicial rulings alone almost never constitute a valid basis for a bias or partiality motion.” Liteky, 510 U.S. at 555 (citation omitted); see Fulton v. Robinson, 289F.3d 188, 199 (2d Cir. 2002) (affirming denial of recusal motion filed in case by plaintiff where judge had ruled against him on all his motions and where plaintiff had “speculated that the judge may have been acquainted with [him]”). Plaintiff states no facts suggesting that the undersigned “displayed a deep-seated favoritism or antagonism that would make fair judgment impossible.” Liteky, 510 U.S. at 555. Any reasonable and objective observer would perceive Plaintiff’s dissatisfaction only with the Court’s rulings. If Plaintiff is dissatisfied with the Court’s rulings, he is free to appeal them to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.See Liteky, 510 U.S. at 555 (noting that
[a]lmost invariably, [judicial rulings] are proper grounds for appeal, not for recusal”). In fact, Plaintiff he has done inthe prior case before the Court.See ECF 1:20-CV-6510, 12. As there is no need for the undersigned to recuse himself from this action, the Court denies Plaintiff’s motion seeking his recusal. CONCLUSION The Clerk of Court is directed to mail a copy of this order to Plaintiff and note service on the docket. Plaintiff is granted leave to file an amended complaint that complies with the standards set forth above. Plaintiff must submit the amended complaint to this Court’s Pro Se Intake Unitwithin sixty days of the date of this order, caption the document as an “Amended Complaint,” and label the document with docket number 20-CV-10942(LLS). An Amended
Complaint form is attached to this order. No summons will issue at this time. If Plaintiff fails to comply within the time allowed, and he cannot show good cause to excuse such failure, the complaint will be dismissed for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted.If Plaintiff complies with the order, and states a claim against the named defendants, the case shall be reassigned to a district judge in accordance with the procedures of the Clerk’s Office. The Court denies Plaintiff’s request that the Court recuse himself from this action. (See ECF No. 8.) SO ORDERED. Dated: February 16, 2021 New York, New York Louis L. Stanton U.S.D.J.
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
CVE TT a (clu ber if has b Write the full name of each plaintiff. evened) me eNews
against AMENDED
□ COMPLAINT ee Do you want a jury trial? LlYes ULINo
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK TOWAKI KOMATSU, Plaintiff, 20-CV-10942 (LLS) -against- ORDERTO AMEND CITY OF NEW YORK, et al., Defendants. LOUIS L. STANTON, United States District Judge: Plaintiff, appearing pro se, brings this action alleging that Defendants violated his rights. By order dated January 7, 2021, Chief Judge Colleen McMahon had directed the Clerk of Court to administratively close this action, in light of an order issued by Judge Edgardo Ramos, in a case pending before him, Komatsu v. City of New York, ECF 1:20-CV-7046, 62 (S.D.N.Y. Jan 5, 2021). Plaintiff filed a motion requesting that the case be reopened, and Chief Judge McMahon granted the order. The case was reassigned to the Court.For the reasons set forth below, the Court grants Plaintiff leave to file an amended complaint, within sixty days of the date of this order. DISCUSSION On December 15, 2020, Judge Ramos imposed restrictions on Plaintiff’s ability to file new civil actions in this court against New York City officials regarding Plaintiff’s exclusion from public meetings, including a requirement to seek permission before filing a new action. On January 5, 2021, Judge Ramos determined that this new civil action did not comply with the restrictions and directed the Clerk of Court to strike the submission. Id.Plaintiff filed letters seeking reconsideration, noting that this new action concerned claims outside of the public meeting exclusion cases. Specifically, Plaintiff alleged that he seeks to brings false arrest and malicious prosecution claims. As such, the case was reopened so Plaintiff could litigate these claims. A. Order to Amend The Court grants Plaintiff leave to file an amended complaint to raise his false arrest and malicious prosecution claims. Plaintiff shall assert facts in support of these claims and shall
name only defendants he claims were involved personally in falsely arresting him and maliciously prosecuting him. Any facts regarding his being excluded from public meetings will be stricken from the pleading, andany claims Plaintiff asserts against any defendants who were not personally involved in falsely arresting him and maliciously prosecuting him will be dismissed. In the statement of claim, Plaintiff must provide a short and plain statement of the relevant factssupporting each claim against each defendant named in the amended complaint. Plaintiff is also directed to provide the addresses for any named defendants. To the greatest extent possible, Plaintiff’s amended complaint must: a) give the names and titles of all relevant persons; b) describe all relevant events, stating the facts that support Plaintiff’s case including what each defendant did or failed to do; c) give the dates and times of each relevant event or, if not known, the approximate date and time of each relevant event; d) give the location where each relevant event occurred; e) describe how each defendant’s acts or omissions violated Plaintiff’s rights and describe the injuries Plaintiff suffered; and f) state what relief Plaintiff seeks from the Court, such as money damages, injunctive relief, or declaratory relief. Essentially, the body of Plaintiff’s amended complaint must tell the Court: who violated his federally protected rights; what facts show that his federally protected rights were violated; when such violationoccurred; where such violationoccurred; and why Plaintiff is entitled to relief. Because Plaintiff’s amended complaint will completely replace, not supplement, the original complaint,any facts or claims that Plaintiff wishes to maintain must be included in the amended complaint. B. Recusal
Plaintiff requests that the Court recuse himself based on the Court’s involvement in one of Plaintiff’sprior cases.See Komatsu v. City of New York, ECF 1:20-CV-8540, 10 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 22, 2020). Plaintiff’s request is denied. A judge is required to recuse himself from “any proceeding in which his impartiality might reasonably be questioned.” 28 U.S.C. § 455(a). When a judge’s impartiality is questioned on bias or prejudice grounds, “what matters is not the reality of bias or prejudice but its appearance.” Liteky v. United States, 510 U.S. 540, 548 (1994). That is, recusal is warranted if “an objective, disinterested observer fully informed of the underlying facts . . . entertain significant doubt that justice would be done absent recusal.” United States v. Yousef, 327 F.3d 56, 169 (2d Cir. 2003) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
The showing of personal bias to warrant recusal must ordinarily be based on “extrajudicial conduct . . . not conduct which arises in a judicial context.” Lewis v. Tuscan Dairy Farms, Inc., 25 F.3d 1138, 1141 (2d Cir. 1994) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). And “judicial rulings alone almost never constitute a valid basis for a bias or partiality motion.” Liteky, 510 U.S. at 555 (citation omitted); see Fulton v. Robinson, 289F.3d 188, 199 (2d Cir. 2002) (affirming denial of recusal motion filed in case by plaintiff where judge had ruled against him on all his motions and where plaintiff had “speculated that the judge may have been acquainted with [him]”). Plaintiff states no facts suggesting that the undersigned “displayed a deep-seated favoritism or antagonism that would make fair judgment impossible.” Liteky, 510 U.S. at 555. Any reasonable and objective observer would perceive Plaintiff’s dissatisfaction only with the Court’s rulings. If Plaintiff is dissatisfied with the Court’s rulings, he is free to appeal them to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.See Liteky, 510 U.S. at 555 (noting that
[a]lmost invariably, [judicial rulings] are proper grounds for appeal, not for recusal”). In fact, Plaintiff he has done inthe prior case before the Court.See ECF 1:20-CV-6510, 12. As there is no need for the undersigned to recuse himself from this action, the Court denies Plaintiff’s motion seeking his recusal. CONCLUSION The Clerk of Court is directed to mail a copy of this order to Plaintiff and note service on the docket. Plaintiff is granted leave to file an amended complaint that complies with the standards set forth above. Plaintiff must submit the amended complaint to this Court’s Pro Se Intake Unitwithin sixty days of the date of this order, caption the document as an “Amended Complaint,” and label the document with docket number 20-CV-10942(LLS). An Amended
Complaint form is attached to this order. No summons will issue at this time. If Plaintiff fails to comply within the time allowed, and he cannot show good cause to excuse such failure, the complaint will be dismissed for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted.If Plaintiff complies with the order, and states a claim against the named defendants, the case shall be reassigned to a district judge in accordance with the procedures of the Clerk’s Office. The Court denies Plaintiff’s request that the Court recuse himself from this action. (See ECF No. 8.) SO ORDERED. Dated: February 16, 2021 New York, New York Louis L. Stanton U.S.D.J.
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
CVE TT a (clu ber if has b Write the full name of each plaintiff. evened) me eNews
against AMENDED
□ COMPLAINT ee Do you want a jury trial? LlYes ULINo
Write the full name of each defendant. If you need more space, please write “see attached” in the space above and attach an additional sheet of paper with the full list of names. The names listed above must be identical to those contained in Section Il.
NOTICE The public can access electronic court files. For privacy and security reasons, papers filed with the court should therefore not contain: an individual’s full social security number or full birth date; the full name of a person known to be a minor; or a complete financial account number. A filing may include only: the last four digits of a social security number; the year of an individual’s birth; a minor’s initials; and the last four digits of a financial account number. See Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 5.2.
Rev. 2/10/17
I. BASIS FOR JURISDICTION Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction (limited power). Generally, only two types of cases can be heard in federal court: cases involving a federal question and cases involving diversity of citizenship of the parties. Under 28 U.S.C. § 1331, a case arising under the United States Constitution or federal laws or treaties is a federal question case. Under 28 U.S.C. § 1332, a case in which a citizen of one State sues a citizen of another State or nation, and the amount in controversy is more than $75,000, is a diversity case. In a diversity case, no defendant may be a citizen of the same State as any plaintiff. What is the basis for federal-court jurisdiction in your case? [] Federal Question L] Diversity of Citizenship A. If you checked Federal Question Which of your federal constitutional or federal statutory rights have been violated?
B. If you checked Diversity of Citizenship 1. Citizenship of the parties Of what State is each party a citizen? The plaintiff , ,is a citizen of the State of (Plaintiff's name)
(State in which the person resides and intends to remain.) or, if not lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States, a citizen or subject of the foreign state of
If more than one plaintiff is named in the complaint, attach additional pages providing information for each additional plaintiff.
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If the defendant is an individual:
The defendant, , is a citizen of the State of (Defendant’s name)
or, if not lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States, a citizen or subject of the foreign state of . If the defendant is a corporation: The defendant, , is incorporated under the laws of the State of and has its principal place of business in the State of or is incorporated under the laws of (foreign state) and has its principal place of business in . If more than one defendant is named in the complaint, attach additional pages providing information for each additional defendant.
II. PARTIES A. Plaintiff Information Provide the following information for each plaintiff named in the complaint. Attach additional pages if needed.
First Name Middle Initial Last Name
Street Address
County, City State Zip Code
Telephone Number Email Address (if available) B. Defendant Information To the best of your ability, provide addresses where each defendant may be served. If the correct information is not provided, it could delay or prevent service of the complaint on the defendant. Make sure that the defendants listed below are the same as those listed in the caption. Attach additional pages if needed. Defendant 1: First Name Last Name
Current Job Title (or other identifying information)
Current Work Address (or other address where defendant may be served)
County, City State Zip Code Defendant 2: First Name Last Name
Current Job Title (or other identifying information)
Current Work Address (or other address where defendant may be served)
County, City State Zip Code Defendant 3: First Name Last Name
Current Job Title (or other identifying information)
Current Work Address (or other address where defendant may be served)
County, City State Zip Code Defendant 4: First Name Last Name
Current Job Title (or other identifying information)
Current Work Address (or other address where defendant may be served)
County, City State Zip Code III. STATEMENT OF CLAIM Place(s) of occurrence:
Date(s) of occurrence: FACTS: State here briefly the FACTS that support your case. Describe what happened, how you were harmed, and what each defendant personally did or failed to do that harmed you. Attach additional pages if needed. INJURIES: If you were injured as a result of these actions, describe your injuries and what medical treatment, if any, you required and received.
IV. RELIEF State briefly what money damages or other relief you want the court to order. V. PLAINTIFF’S CERTIFICATION AND WARNINGS By signing below, I certify to the best of my knowledge, information, and belief that: (1) the complaint is not being presented for an improper purpose (such as to harass, cause unnecessary delay, or needlessly increase the cost of litigation); (2) the claims are supported by existing law or by a nonfrivolous argument to change existing law; (3) the factual contentions have evidentiary support or, if specifically so identified, will likely have evidentiary support after a reasonable opportunity for further investigation or discovery; and (4) the complaint otherwise complies with the requirements of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11. agree to notify the Clerk's Office in writing of any changes to my mailing address. I understand that my failure to keep a current address on file with the Clerk's Office may result in the dismissal of my case.
Each Plaintiff must sign and date the complaint. Attach additional pages if necessary. If seeking to proceed without prepayment of fees, each plaintiff must also submit an IFP application.
Dated Plaintiff's Signature
First Name Middle Initial Last Name
Street Address
County, City State Zip Code
Telephone Number Email Address (if available)
I have read the Pro Se (Nonprisoner) Consent to Receive Documents Electronically: OYes [LINo If you do consent to receive documents electronically, submit the completed form with your complaint. If you do not consent, please do not attach the form.
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