Koerschner v. State

13 P.3d 451, 116 Nev. 1111
CourtNevada Supreme Court
DecidedDecember 4, 2000
Docket30881, 30976
StatusPublished
Cited by41 cases

This text of 13 P.3d 451 (Koerschner v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Nevada Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Koerschner v. State, 13 P.3d 451, 116 Nev. 1111 (Neb. 2000).

Opinions

OPINION

By the Court,

Maupin, J.:

A jury found appellant Allen Koerschner guilty of two counts of sexual assault upon the person of a minor. Koerschner seeks reversal of the judgment of conviction entered upon the jury verdicts because the district court erroneously denied Koerschner’s request for an independent psychological examination of the child-victim, found the child-victim competent to testify, admitted evidence of prior consistent statements of the child made to medical providers in connection with one of the alleged assaults, allowed the case to proceed to trial on charges that were not sufficiently pleaded, refused to admit evidence of instances of dishonesty of the child-victim on the issue of motive, and refused to admit evidence of prior sexual abuse of the child-victim by a third party.

FACTS

Allen Koerschner and his spouse took custody of their nine-year-old niece following the death of her mother. On May 2, 1992, the niece was admitted to a Las Vegas hospital with severe bleeding from the area of her cervix. She initially advised hospital personnel that the bleeding was caused by a fall down a flight of stairs.

Gema Reynolds, a nurse trained in sexual assault cases, was the first person to examine the child. No bruises, scratches, abrasions, or lacerations were identified. Concluding that the injury was not consistent with a fall, Nurse Reynolds undertook farther questioning. The child then described a sexual assault, which she claimed was perpetrated by Koerschner.

Subsequent examination by Dr. Donald Roberts revealed the absence of a hymenal ring and a four centimeter laceration of the victim’s vaginal wall. Dr. Roberts noted that the lack of a hymenal ring and the necessity of using an adult-sized speculum to conduct [1114]*1114the examination were unusual for a nine-year-old female. He then concluded that the injury was not caused by a fall.

On March 18, 1996, the State filed a second amended information charging Koerschner with three counts of sexual assault upon the person of a minor under the age of fourteen years.1 The three counts referred to separate incidents that took place during 1990, 1991 and 1992. Specific dates for the 1990 and 1991 incidents were not alleged.

At trial, the child described acts of sexual intercourse commencing in September of 1990, shortly after she moved into the Koerschner home, and further acts that occurred over time during 1991 and 1992. She testified that on May 2, 1992, Koerschner told her to enter his bedroom, remove her clothes and lie down on the bed. She then described a painful act of intercourse that resulted in severe bleeding. Ultimately, when the bleeding continued, Koerschner sought medical treatment for her. According to the child, while en route to the hospital, Koerschner told her to tell the hospital staff that she had fallen down the stairs.

A jury ultimately found Koerschner guilty of two counts of sexual assault upon the person of a minor under the age of fourteen years. The district court sentenced Koerschner to consecutive terms of life in the Nevada State Prison with the possibility of parole after service of ten years on each count. Koerschner appeals.

DISCUSSION

Independent psychological examination of the victim

Koerschner contends the district court erred in denying his application for a psychological examination of the victim. This issue requires us to revisit and reconcile our prior authority on this subject. See Marvelle v. State, 114 Nev. 921, 966 P.2d 151 (1998); Griego v. State, 111 Nev. 444, 893 P.2d 995 (1995); Keeney v. State, 109 Nev. 220, 850 P.2d 311 (1993); Lickey v. State, 108 Nev. 191, 827 P.2d 824 (1992); Washington v. State, 96 Nev. 305, 608 P.2d 1101 (1980).

In Marvelle, Griego, Keeney, Lickey and Washington, this court [1115]*1115considered the extent of discretion held by district courts of this state to grant or deny independent psychological or psychiatric evaluations of child-victims in sexual assault cases, where independent corroboration of the alleged offense is either marginal or is lacking altogether.

In Washington, we stated that trial courts should order a psychiatric examination of a child-victim if the defendant presents a compelling reason for such an examination. Under Washington, no compelling reason exists “unless there is little or no corroboration of the victim’s allegations and the defense has questioned the effect of the victim’s emotional or mental condition upon her veracity.” Washington, 96 Nev. at 307, 608 P.2d at 1102.2

This court held in Lickey that, unless competent evidence presents a compelling reason to protect the victim, a defendant in a child sexual assault case is entitled to have the victim undergo an independent examination when the State is provided such assistance. In Lickey, the prosecution’s evidence consisted almost entirely of the child-victim’s testimony, and the victim had been interviewed numerous times by the State’s experts. Lickey, 108 Nev. at 194, 827 P.2d at 826.

In Keeney, we reaffirmed the proposition that a decision to grant a psychological examination of a victim is within the sound discretion of the district court and will not be set aside absent an abuse of discretion. Keeney, 109 Nev. at 227, 850 P.2d at 316. Under Keeney, whether an abuse of that discretion has occurred is tested in connection with four factors:

[I]t would be error to preclude a defendant from having an alleged child-victim examined by an expert in psychiatry or psychology if: (1) the State has employed such an expert; (2) the victim is not shown by compelling reasons to be in need of protection; (3) evidence of the crime has little or no corroboration beyond the testimony of the victim; and (4) there is a reasonable basis for believing that the victim’s mental or emotional state may have affected his or her veracity.

Id. at 226, 850 P.2d at 315. The articulation of the second factor in Keeney arguably shifted the burden in these matters from the defendant to the State. Certainly, in Washington, this court stated the test in terms of whether the defendant has presented a compelling need for such an examination. Under Keeney, the second factor seems to place the onus on the State to show a compelling need for protection of the victim if the other factors are present.

In Griego, we held that, “absent an affirmative, compelling [1116]*1116showing by the State that the alleged victim is in need of protection, the second Keeney factor favors examination of the alleged victim by a mental health expert employed by the defendant.” Griego v. State, 111 Nev. 444, 450, 893 P.2d 995, 999 (1995). This statement underscores the argument that Keeney shifted the burden from the defendant to the State in such cases.

In

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
13 P.3d 451, 116 Nev. 1111, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/koerschner-v-state-nev-2000.