KKMI SAUSALITO, LLC v. The vessel "Self Inflicted"

• Court: District Court, N.D. California
• Decided: December 20, 2019
• Docket: 4:19-cv-02850
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 2 3 4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 6 7 KKMI SAUSALITO, LLC, Case No. 19-cv-02850-KAW

8 Plaintiff, ORDER GRANTING MOTION FOR 9 v. DEFAULT JUDGMENT

10 THE VESSEL “SELF INFLICTED,” Re: Dkt. No. 24 11 Defendant.

12 On May 23, 2019, Plaintiff KKMI Sausalito, LLC filed this admiralty and maritime action 13 in rem against Defendant Vessel “Self Inflicted,” Documentation No. 1064308. (Compl., Dkt. No. 14 1.) Plaintiff alleges that between June 29, 2017 and May 22, 2019, the Vessel incurred repairs, 15 hull maintenance, and storage charges at Plaintiff’s boatyard in Sausalito, California. (Compl. ¶¶ 16 6-9.) Plaintiff now seeks to foreclose a maritime lien against the Vessel, her engines, rigging, 17 sails, boats, tackle, apparel, and furniture pursuant to the Federal Maritime Lien Act (“FMLA”), 18 46 U.S.C. § 31342, and seeks a judgment condemning the Vessel and an order for its sale to pay 19 the outstanding amount owed. 20 On October 4, 2019, Plaintiff filed a motion for default judgment. (Mot., Dkt. No. 24.) On 21 December 19, 2019, the Court held a hearing on Plaintiff’s motion for default judgment, at which 22 no potential claimants appeared. For the reasons set forth below, the Court GRANTS Plaintiff’s 23 motion for default judgment. 24 I. BACKGROUND 25 Defendant Vessel is a steel-hulled recreational sailing vessel, approximately 48’ in length. 26 (Compl. ¶ 3.) On June 29, 2017, the Vessel’s owner, Daniel A. Morgan, entered into a Service 27 Agreement with Plaintiff for repair and hull maintenance work at Plaintiff’s Sausalito boatyard. 1 (Compl. ¶ 5.) 2 Between June 29, 2017 and November 12, 2018, the Vessel incurred repair charges for 3 labor and parts in the amount of $15,748.13. (Compl. ¶ 6; Kaplan Decl. ¶ 6, Dkt. No. 24-1.) 4 Payments of $6,590.00 were made, leaving a balance due of $9,158.13 as of November 12, 2018. 5 (Compl. ¶ 6; Kaplan Decl. ¶ 6.) No further payments were made, despite demands from Plaintiff. 6 (Compl. ¶ 7; Kaplan Decl. ¶ 7.) Pursuant to the Service Agreement, a vessel storage charge was 7 applied at the usual and customary daily storage rate of $3.00 per foot of boat length, or $144.00 8 per day. (Compl. ¶ 7; Kaplan Decl. ¶ 7.) Between November 13, 2018 and May 22, 2019 – the 9 date the complaint was verified by Plaintiff – the Vessel incurred daily storage charges of $144.00 10 for 191 days, for a total unpaid storage charge of $27,504.00. (Compl. ¶ 7; Kaplan Decl. ¶ 8.) 11 Plaintiff then filed the instant in rem action, asserting a maritime lien against the Vessel, 12 her engines, rigging, sails, boats, tackle, apparel, and furniture pursuant to 46 U.S.C. § 31341(a)(1) 13 and general maritime law. (Compl. ¶ 13.) 14 On May 31, 2017, the Court approved Plaintiff’s proposed warrant of arrest, ordering that 15 the warrant be issued for the arrest of the Vessel, which the Clerk of the Court issued. (Dkt. Nos. 16 11, 12.) The Court also granted Plaintiff’s Application for Appointment of a Substitute Custodian, 17 appointing Paul Kaplan, Plaintiff’s founding partner, custodian of the Vessel and authorizing the 18 U.S. Marshal to surrender possession of the Vessel to him. (Dkt. No. 12.) The Marshal arrested 19 and served the Vessel on June 18, 2019 at Plaintiff’s boatyard in Sausalito, California. (Dkt. No. 20 15.) The Marshal filed the executed return of Arrest Warrant on July 23, 2019, and the executed 21 return of the Summons on July 26, 2019. (Dkt. Nos. 15, 21.) 22 Plaintiff published a Notice of Action and Arrest in The Daily Journal, in compliance with 23 Admiralty Local Rule 4-2(a), and Plaintiff filed the Proof of Publication pursuant to Admiralty 24 Local Rule 4-2(b). (Dkt. No. 20.) 25 On July 24, 2019, Plaintiff requested entry of default. (Dkt. No. 18.) On July 26, 2019, 26 the Clerk of the Court entered default. (Dkt. No. 22.) No one has appeared in this action or filed a 27 verified statement of right of possession or ownership interest in the Vessel. 1 II. LEGAL STANDARD 2 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 55(b)(2) permits a court to enter a final judgment in a case 3 following a defendant’s default. Shanghai Automation Instrument Co. v. Kuei, 194 F. Supp. 2d 4 995, 999 (N.D. Cal 2001). Whether to enter a judgment lies within the court’s discretion. Id. 5 (citing Draper v. Coombs, 792 F.2d 915, 924-925 (9th Cir. 1986)). 6 Before assessing the merits of a default judgment, a court must confirm that it has subject 7 matter jurisdiction over the case and personal jurisdiction over the parties, as well as ensure the 8 adequacy of service on the defendant. See In re Tuli, 172 F.3d 707, 712 (9th Cir. 1999). If the 9 court finds these elements satisfied, it turns to the following factors (“the Eitel factors”) to 10 determine whether it should grant a default judgment:

11 (1) the possibility of prejudice to the plaintiff, (2) the merits of Plaintiff’s substantive claim, (3) the sufficiency of the complaint, (4) 12 the sum of money at stake in the action[,] (5) the possibility of a dispute concerning material facts[,] (6) whether the default was due 13 to excusable neglect, and (7) the strong policy underlying the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure favoring a decision on the merits. 14 15 Eitel v. McCool, 782 F. 2d 1470, 1471-72 (9th Cir. 1986) (citation omitted). 16 Upon entry of default, all factual allegations in the complaint are accepted as true, except 17 allegations relating to the amount of damages. TeleVideo Sys., Inc. v. Heidenthal, 826 F.2d 915, 18 917-18 (9th Cir. 1987). Where a default judgment is granted, the scope of relief “must not differ in 19 kind from, or exceed in amount, what is demanded in the pleadings.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(c). 20 III. DISCUSSION 21 A. Magistrate Judge Jurisdiction to Enter Default Judgment 22 Section 636(c) confers magistrate judges the authority to enter judgment in a civil action 23 “upon consent of the parties.” Generally, the consent of all of the parties, including unserved 24 defendants, is required for a valid judgment to be entered. Williams v. King, 875 F.3d 500, 504 25 (9th Cir. 2017). Here, however, the action is in rem against the Vessel. In in rem forfeiture 26 proceedings, the Ninth Circuit has held that a putative claimant’s failure to comply with the 27 applicable filing requirements precludes standing as a party to the action, such that the property 1 judgment against his interest in the subject property. United States v. Real Property, 135 F.3d 2 1312, 1316-17 (9th Cir. 1998). In Williams, the Ninth Circuit affirmed this narrow exception, 3 such that the undersigned is vested with jurisdiction to enter judgment against the Vessel even 4 absent the consent of the property owner. See 875 F.3d at 504. Accordingly, since the 5 undersigned has obtained consent from the only party to the action – Plaintiff – the Court may 6 enter default judgment. 7 B. Jurisdiction and Service of Process 8 In considering whether to enter default judgment, a district court must first determine 9 whether it has jurisdiction over the subject matter and the parties to the case. In re Tuli, 172 F.3d 10 707, 712 (9th Cir. 1999) (“When the entry of judgment is sought against a party who has failed to 11 plead or otherwise defend, a district court has an affirmative duty to look into its jurisdiction over 12 both the subject matter and the parties.”) 13 i. Jurisdiction 14 This Court has jurisdiction over this action under 28 U.S.C. § 1333, which vests district 15 courts with original jurisdiction over “any civil case of admiralty or maritime jurisdiction.” An in 16 rem action may be brought to enforce any maritime lien, or whenever a statute of the United States 17 provides for a maritime action to be brought in rem. Fed. R. Civ. P. Supp. C(1). Here, Plaintiff 18 seeks to enforce a maritime lien under the Federal Maritime Lien Act (“FMLA”), 46 U.S.C. § 19 31342. Accordingly, the Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this action. See Ventura 20 Packers, Inc. v. F/V Jeanine Kathleen, 305 F.3d 913, 918-23 (9th Cir. 2002) (holding that the 21 Maritime Lien Act provides a statutory basis for the exercise of a district court’s admiralty 22 jurisdiction). The Court also has in rem jurisdiction over the Vessel because the Vessel is located 23 within the Northern District of California, was “arrested pursuant to maritime process,” and “the 24 warrant w[as] successfully served.” Ventura Packers, Inc. v. F/V Jeanine Kathleen, 424 F.3d 852, 25 858 (9th Cir. 2005); accord Fed. R. Civ. P. Supp. C(2)-(3). 26 ii. Venue 27 Venue is proper because the Court has jurisdiction over the parties, and the Vessel is 1 iii. Service of Process 2 The Court finds that Plaintiff has complied with the service requirements set forth in 3 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure Supplemental Rule C(3)(b)(i). This rule provides: “If the 4 property that is the subject of the action is a vessel or tangible property on board a vessel, the 5 warrant and any supplemental process must be delivered to the marshal for service.” Fed. R. Civ. 6 P. Suppl. R. C(3)(b)(i). The Marshal’s Process Receipt and Return shows that the Vessel’s 7 custodian was served when the Vessel was arrested on June 18, 2019. (Dkt. No. 16.) 8 Plaintiff has also complied with the notice requirements in Admiralty Local Rule 4-2(a) 9 when it published notice in The Daily Journal. (Dkt. No. 20.) This rule provides:

10 (a) Publication. The public notice specified by Fed. R. Civ. P. Supp. C(4) shall be published once in a newspaper named in Civil 11 L.R. 77-4, and plaintiff’s attorney shall file a copy of the notice as it was published with the clerk. 12 The notice shall contain: (1) The court, title, and number of the action; 13 (2) The date of the arrest; (3) The identity of the property arrested; 14 (4) The name, address, and telephone number of the attorney for plaintiff; 15 (5) A statement that any person who asserts a right of possession of any ownership interest in the property pursuant to Fed. 16 R. Civ. P. Supp. (C)(6) must file a verified statement of right or interest within 14 days of the execution of process or within the 17 period specified by court order; (6) A statement that any person required to file a verified 18 statement of right or interest must also file and serve an answer to the complaint within 21 days after filing the statement of interest or 19 right, and that otherwise, default may be entered and condemnation ordered; 20 (7) A statement that applications for intervention under Fed. R. Civ. P. 24 by persons claiming maritime liens or other interests 21 against the property shall be filed within the time fixed by the court; and 22 (8) The name, address, and telephone number of the marshal. 23 The undersigned finds that the Proof of Publication conforms to Admiralty Local Rule 4- 24 2(a)’s requirements. (See Dkt. No. 20-1.) Based upon the foregoing, the Court finds that personal 25 service upon the Vessel was properly effected. 26 Pursuant to Admiralty Local Rule 6-2(b), after the entry of default, a default judgment may 27 be entered pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 55(b). The Court may enter default judgment 1 the time to answer has expired; and (3) no one has filed a verified statement of right of possession 2 or ownership interest in the property. Admir. L.R. 6-2(b)(1)-(3). 3 Admiralty Local Rule 6-1, in turn, provides in relevant part:

4 (a) Notice Required. A party seeking a default judgment in an action in rem must show that due notice of the action and arrest of 5 the property has been given: … 6 (2) In actions not subject to Fed. R. Civ. P. Supp. G: (i) By publication as required in Fed. R. Civ. P. Supp. C(4); 7 (ii) By service upon the master or other person having custody of the property; and 8 (iii) By service under Fed. R. Civ. P. 5(b) upon every other person who has not appeared in the action and is known to have an 9 interest in the property (Admir. L.R. 6-1(a)(2)). 10 First, Plaintiff has properly given notice in compliance with Admiralty Local Rule 6- 11 1(a)(2)(i) by the publication of the Notice of Action and Arrest. (Dkt. No. 20.) The Notice 12 expressly stated, in relevant part:

13 Any person who asserts a right to possession of any ownership interest in the foregoing vessel pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. Supp. 14 C(6) must file a verified statement of right or interest within 14 days of the last date of publication of this Notice or within the period 15 specified by court order. Any person required to file a verified statement of right or interest must also file and serve an Answer to 16 the Complaint within 21 days after filing the statement of interest or right, and that otherwise, default may be entered and condemnation 17 ordered. Applications for intervention under Fed. R. Civ. P. 24 by persons claiming maritime liens or other interest against the vessel 18 shall be filed within the time fixed by the court. 19 (Id.) 20 Plaintiff complied with Admiralty Local Rule 6-1(a)(2)(ii) by service upon Defendant 21 Vessel and the Substitute Custodian by the Marshal. (Dkt. Nos. 16, 21.) 22 Plaintiff has also given notice as required under Admiralty Local Rule 6-1(a)(2)(iii) by 23 service under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 5(b) upon every other person who has not appeared 24 in the action and is known to have an interest in the property. (Alexander Decl. ¶ 2, Dkt. No. 24- 25 2.) Here, that person is Mr. Morgan. (See Kaplan Decl., Ex. 1; Alexander Decl. ¶¶ 2-3.) 26 Further, Admiralty Local Rule 6-1(b)(2)(i) provides that notice must be given in the case 27 of a vessel documented under the laws of the United States, by the plaintiff attempting to notify all 1 requirement by giving the notice as required by Admiralty Local Rule 6-1(b)(2)(i) for this 2 documented vessel upon Mr. Morgan who has a recorded interest in the vessel (in addition to 3 title), as well as by serving Mr. Morgan with the summons and complaint at his last known 4 addresses, pursuant to Rule 5(b)(2)(C). (Alexander Decl. ¶¶ 2-3). 5 Finally, Plaintiff contends that no one has filed a verified statement of right of possession 6 or ownership interest in the Vessel. (Mot. at 4.) 7 Thus, Plaintiff has satisfied each of the requirements set forth in Admiralty Local Rule 6- 8 2(b) and has complied with the notice requirements of Admiralty Local Rule 6-1(a)(2). Further, 9 no interested party has filed a timely verified statement asserting an interest in the Vessel. 10 Accordingly, service was proper. 11 C. Application to the Case at Bar 12 Since the Court has jurisdiction in this matter, this Court must turn to the Eitel factors to 13 determine whether the entering of a default judgment is appropriate in this matter. 14 i. Possibility of Prejudice to Plaintiff 15 Under the first factor, the Court must determine whether Plaintiff will be prejudiced if the 16 Court denies its motion for default judgment. Eitel, 782 F.2d at 1471-72. Pursuant to the Service 17 Agreement, Plaintiff provided necessaries to the Vessel, and despite demand for payment, 18 Plaintiff has been unable to recover the outstanding amounts owed for repairs, parts, and storage 19 charges. (Compl. ¶¶ 5-9, 12.) Thus, if the Court were to deny Plaintiff’s motion, Plaintiff would 20 be unable to recover the outstanding amounts, and further delay in securing a judgment would 21 only increase the chances that Plaintiff will be unable to recover such amounts. Accordingly, this 22 factor weighs in favor of default judgment. See United States v. Mare Island Sales, LLC, 2008 23 WL 4279406, at *2 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 16, 2008). 24 ii. Merits of Plaintiff’s Substantive Claim and the Sufficiency of the Complaint 25 The second and third Eitel factors focus on the merits of Plaintiff’s substantive claims and 26 the sufficiency of the Complaint. Eitel, 782 F.2d at 1471-72. In order for these factors to weigh in 27 Plaintiff’s favor, Plaintiff must assert claims upon which it may recover. See PepsiCo, Inc. v. Cal. 1 maritime lien against the Vessel under 46 U.S.C. § 31342 based on unpaid fees for repair, hull 2 maintenance, and storage that Plaintiff provided pursuant to the Service Agreement. 3 46 U.S.C. § 31342 provides:

4 (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, a person providing necessaries to a vessel on the order of the owner or a 5 person authorized by the owner-- (1) has a maritime lien on the vessel; 6 (2) may bring a civil action in rem to enforce the lien; and 7 (3) is not required to allege or prove in the action that credit was given to the vessel. 8 (b) This section does not apply to a public vessel. 46 U.S.C. § 31342. 9 In order to establish a maritime lien for necessaries, a supplier must show: (1) that the 10 goods or services were provided to the vessel; (2) that the goods or services were “necessaries”; 11 (3) that the charges are reasonable in amount; and (4) that they were ordered by someone with the 12 appropriate authority. Belcher Co. of Ala. v. M/V Martha Mariner, 724 F.2d 1161, 1164 (5th Cir. 13 1984); see also Int’l Seafoods of Alaska, Inc. v. Park Ventures, Inc., 829 F.2d 751, 753 (9th Cir. 14 1987); Farwest Steel Corp v. Barge Sea Span 241, 769 F.2d 620, 623 (9th Cir. 1985). Plaintiff 15 has made a sufficient showing as to each of these factors. Section 31301(4) states that 16 “‘necessaries’ includes repairs, supplies, towage, and the use of a dry dock or marine railway[.]” 17 46 U.S.C. § 31301(4). “The list is not exhaustive, and in fact, modern admiralty jurisprudence 18 interprets ‘necessaries’ broadly, as anything that facilitates or enables a vessel to perform its 19 mission or occupation.” Ventura Packers, 305 F.3d at 923. “The term ‘necessaries’ includes most 20 goods or services that are useful to the vessel to keep her out of danger.” Id. Here, the Court finds 21 that Plaintiff has made an adequate showing establishing the existence of a maritime lien under 46 22 U.S.C. § 31342. 23 First, Plaintiff provided repairs and hull maintenance to the Vessel pursuant to the Service 24 Agreement from June 29, 2017 through November 12, 2018, in the amount of $15,748.13. 25 (Compl. ¶ 6; Kaplan Decl. ¶¶ 1-6.) Of that amount, $6,590.00 was paid, leaving a balance due of 26 $9,158.13. (Compl. ¶ 6; Kaplan Decl. ¶ 6.) The Vessel also incurred storage charges of 27 $31,392.00 between November 13, 2018 and June 18, 2019, all of which were owed by the Owner 1 as of the date of arrest of the Vessel. (Kaplan Decl. ¶¶ 8, 7(2)1.) A total balance of $40,550.18 is 2 now due. (Kaplan Decl. ¶ 8(2).) 3 Second, repairs and storage fees are “necessaries” under 46 U.S.C. § 31301(4). 46 U.S.C. 4 § 31301(4) explicitly includes repairs as necessaries, and “[s]everal courts have imposed maritime 5 liens for docking, wharfage, or storage fees . . . .” Am. E. Dev. Corp. v. Everglades Marina, Inc., 6 608 F.2d 123, 125 (5th Cir. 1979). 7 Third, the charges that Plaintiff seeks are reasonable and are of the type that can be 8 expected by a boatyard providing services to a vessel over an extended period of years. See 9 Crescent City Harbor Dist. v. M/V Intrepid, Case No. 08-cv-1007-JCS, 2008 WL 5211023, at *3 10 (N.D. Cal. Dec. 11, 2008). 11 Finally, Mr. Morgan procured the services when he executed the Service Agreement. 12 (Kaplan Decl., Exh. 2.) Thus, under 46 U.S.C. § 31341(a)(1), as the owner of the vessel, Mr. 13 Morgan is statutorily presumed to have authority to procure necessaries for it. Taken together, the 14 Court finds that Plaintiff has sufficiently established the existence of a maritime lien under 46 15 U.S.C. § 31342. 16 iii. Sum of Money at Stake 17 The fourth Eitel factor assesses the reasonableness of the potential award if a default 18 judgment is entered. In making this assessment, the Court must take into account the amount of 19 money at stake in relation to the seriousness of Defendant’s conduct. Eitel, 782 F.2d at 1471. If 20 the sum of money at issue is reasonably proportionate to the harm caused by Defendant’s actions, 21 properly documented, and contractually justified, then default judgment is warranted. Bd. of Trs. 22 of Cal. Metal Trades v. Pitchometer Propeller, Case No. 97-cv-2661-VRW, 1997 WL 797922, at 23 *2 (N.D. Cal. Dec. 15, 1997). A default judgment is only disfavored when a large amount of 24 money is involved or is unreasonable in light of Defendant’s actions. Truong Giang Corp. v. 25 Twinstar Tea Corp., Case No. 06-cv-3594-JSW, 2007 WL 1545173, at *12 (N.D. Cal. May 29, 26 2007). In determining if the amount at stake is reasonable, the Court may consider Plaintiff’s 27 1 declarations, calculations, and other documentation of damages. Id. 2 Here, Plaintiff seeks judgment against the Vessel in the amount of $40,550.18, the amounts 3 owed for repairs, hull maintenance, and storage under the Service Agreement while at Plaintiff’s 4 boatyard. (Kaplan Decl. ¶ 9(2).) Plaintiff also seeks authorization to be allowed its “custodius 5 legis” costs (pursuant to cost bill to be filed post-judgment). (Mot. at 7.) Thus, the sum Plaintiff 6 seeks is directly related to the Vessel’s repairs and storage and the amounts due pursuant to the 7 parties’ Service Agreement while the vessel was stored at Plaintiff’s boatyard. This factor weighs 8 in favor of default judgment. 9 iv. Possibility of a Material Factual Dispute 10 The fifth Eitel factor examines the likelihood of dispute between the parties regarding the 11 material facts surrounding the case. Eitel, 782 F.2d at 1471-72. Upon defaulting, the defendant is 12 “deemed to have admitted all well-pleaded factual allegations” in the complaint. DirecTV, Inc. v. 13 Hoa Huynh, 503 F.3d 847, 851 (9th Cir. 2007) (citations omitted). Here, Plaintiff seeks to recover 14 repairs, hull maintenance, and storage charges pursuant to the Service Agreement. (Kaplan Decl. 15 ¶¶ 6, 8-9, 7(2)-8(2).) The amounts directly correlate to those agreed upon in the parties’ Service 16 Agreement, and Plaintiff has provided an itemized breakdown of the payments that remain 17 outstanding. (See id.) Thus, there is little likelihood of a dispute concerning the material facts in 18 support of Plaintiff’s complaint, such that this factor weighs in favor of default judgment. 19 v. Whether Default Was the Result of Excusable Neglect 20 The sixth Eitel factor examines whether any interested party’s failure to respond to 21 Plaintiff’s allegations was the result of excusable neglect. Eitel, 782 F.2d at 1471-72. As set forth 22 above, Plaintiff provided notice by publication pursuant to Admiralty Local Rule 6-1(a)(2). Mr. 23 Morgan, the owner of the Vessel, was also served with the complaint and summons at three 24 separate addresses, including addresses provided to the Coast Guard and Plaintiff. (Alexander 25 Decl. ¶ 2.) Nevertheless, despite ample time and opportunity, neither Mr. Morgan nor any other 26 interested person filed an answer or otherwise challenged the motion for default judgment. There 27 is nothing in the record suggesting that any individual’s failure to appear and litigate this matter is 1 1005 (N.D. Cal. 2001) (default after proper service was not excusable neglect). Thus, this factor 2 weighs in favor of granting default judgment. 3 vi. Strong Public Policy Favoring Decisions on the Merits 4 The final Eitel factor examines whether the policy of deciding a case based on the merits 5 precludes entry of default judgment. Eitel, 782 F.2d at 1471-72. 6 Notwithstanding, after an examination of these facts in the aggregate, the undersigned 7 finds that Eitel factors one through six outweigh the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure’s preference 8 for a decision on the merits, thereby rendering the entry of default judgment proper. 9 IV. RELIEF SOUGHT 10 After entry of default, well-pleaded factual allegations in the complaint are taken as true, 11 except as to the amount of damages. Fair Hous. of Marin v. Combs, 285 F.3d 899, 906 (9th Cir. 12 2002). To recover damages after securing a default judgment, a plaintiff must prove the relief it 13 seeks through testimony or written affidavit. Bd. of Trs. of the Boilermaker Vacation Trust v. 14 Skelly, Inc., 389 F. Supp. 2d 1222, 1226 (N.D. Cal. 2005); see PepsiCo, Inc., 238 F. Supp. 2d at 15 1175 (citing Televideo Sys., Inc., 826 F.2d at 917-18). 16 A. Damages 17 Plaintiff seeks judgment against the Vessel in the amount of $40,550.13 to compensate it 18 for unpaid repair and storage charges. (Mot. at 3; Kaplan Decl. ¶¶ 6-9, 7(2)-9(2).) Plaintiff 19 further requests that the Vessel be condemned and ordered sold by the U.S. Marshal, and that such 20 sale be conducted in accordance with general maritime law and local admiralty rules and 21 procedures for the purposes of satisfying the default judgment requested. (Mot. at 7.) 22 For the reasons set forth above, the Court finds that Plaintiff is entitled to default judgment 23 on its maritime lien in the amount of $40,550.13. Accordingly, Plaintiff’s request to foreclose the 24 lien is granted, and the Vessel shall be condemned and sold by the U.S. Marshal at public auction. 25 B. Costs 26 Plaintiff requests an award of its custodia legis costs and that it be permitted to “credit bid” 27 up to its judgment amount at any subsequent U.S. Marshal-conducted auction. (Mot. at 7.) At the 1 respect to Plaintiffs request to use its custodia legis costs, the Court finds that Plaintiff is entitled 2 to such costs, provided Plaintiff substantiates the amount claimed. (See Mot. at 7.) 3 As to Plaintiff's request that it be allowed to credit bid, the local admiralty rules governing 4 || payment of bids at public auction sales, provide that, “a plaintiff... foreclosing a properly 5 recorded preferred mortgage on, or other valid security interest in the vessel may bid, without 6 || payment of cash, certified check or cashier’s check, up to the total amount of the secured 7 indebtedness as established by affidavit filed and served by that party on all other parties no later 8 || than 14 days prior to the date of sale.” Admir. L. R. 9-2(b). Provided that Plaintiff complies with 9 the notice requirements set forth in Admiralty Local Rule 9-2, the undersigned grants □□□□□□□□□□□ 10 || request for an order permitting it to credit bid up to its judgment amount be granted. 11 Vv. CONCLUSION 12 For the reasons set forth above, the Court: 5 13 1. GRANTS Plaintiff's Motion for Default Judgment against the Vessel “Self 14 Inflicted” (U.S. Documentation No. 1064308), her engines, rigging, sails, boats, tackle, apparel, and 3 15 furniture in the amount of $40,550.13, and custodia legis costs (pursuant to a cost bill to be filed a 16 || post-judgment); 3 17 2. That Plaintiff shall recover the amount of its judgment from the foreclosure of its 18 || maritime lien against the Vessel “Self Inflicted,’ which the Court ORDERS be accomplished 19 through a public sale, to be conducted by the United States Marshal pursuant to Admiralty Local 20 || Rule 9-2, and Plaintiff is permitted to credit bid up to its judgment amount at said public sale; and 21 3. The Court shall retain jurisdiction of this action through the completion of the sale 22 || of the Vessel “Self Inflicted,” and any related proceedings. 23 IT IS SO ORDERED. 24 Dated: December 20, 2019 .

26 United States Magistrate Judge 27 28