Kathy Horvath v. West Bend Mutual Insurance Co

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedAugust 15, 2013
Docket12-1520
StatusUnpublished

This text of Kathy Horvath v. West Bend Mutual Insurance Co (Kathy Horvath v. West Bend Mutual Insurance Co) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Kathy Horvath v. West Bend Mutual Insurance Co, (7th Cir. 2013).

Opinion

NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit Chicago, Illinois 60604

Argued November 26, 2012 Decided August 15, 2013

Before

ILANA DIAMOND ROVNER, Circuit Judge

ANN CLAIRE WILLIAMS, Circuit Judge

JOHN DANIEL TINDER, Circuit Judge

No. 12‐1520 Appeal from the United States District KATHY HORVATH, Court for the Northern District of Indiana, Plaintiff‐Appellant, South Bend Division.

v. No. 3:10‐cv‐00180‐CAN

WEST BEND MUTUAL INSURANCE Christopher A. Nuechterlein, CO., Magistrate Judge. Defendant‐Appellee.

O R D E R

After her home in South Bend, Indiana, burned down in February 2009, Kathy Horvath filed a claim in excess of $1.6 million with her insurer, West Bend Mutual Insurance Company (“West Bend”), for the house and its contents. West Bend denied the claim after determining that the fire was the result of arson: although Horvath was out of town at the time of the conflagration, West Bend asserted that the fire had been set with her consent or authority; it also asserted, inter alia, that Horvath had made material misrepre‐ sentations regarding the nature and extent of her damages. Horvath sued West Bend for breach of the insurance contract in state court, and West Bend removed the case to federal court on the basis of diversity of citizenship. The case was tried to a jury in 2012; a magistrate judge presided over the trial with the parties’ consent. Horvath, of course, was No. 12‐1520 Page 2

a key witness at the trial. The jury delivered a general verdict in West Bend’s favor and awarded Horvath nothing. Horvath appeals, arguing that the magistrate judge erred in admitting into evidence proof that Horvath had been convicted of embezzlement in 1991 (and sentenced in early 1992), more than 20 years before the trial took place. See Fed. R. Evid. 609(b).

Rule 609(a)(2) allows into evidence for purposes of impeachment a witness’s prior conviction for a crime involving dishonesty; but the rule sets up different presumptions as to admissibility depending on whether the conviction is less or more than 10 years old. If the conviction is no more than 10 years old, and the crime of conviction had an element of dishonest or false statement, Rule 609(a)(2) renders proof of such a conviction admissible (indeed, commands the admission) without requiring the court to balance its probative worth against its potential for prejudice. Barber v. City of Chicago, 2013 WL 3957736, at *11 (7th Cir. Aug. 2, 2013) (citing United States v. Wilson, 985 F.2d 348, 351 (7th Cir. 1993)). By contrast, Rule 609(b) allows into evidence a witness’s prior conviction “only if . . . its probative value, supported by specific facts and circumstances, substantially outweighs its prejudicial effect.” The language of Rule 609(b) thus “weighs probative value against prejudice in a way that is dramatically skewed in favor of excluding the conviction evidence; the evidence is inadmissible unless probative value ‘substantially outweighs’ prejudice.” 28 Charles Alan Wright & Victor J. Gold, Federal Practice & Proc.: Evidence § 6136, at 290 (2012); see also 3 Christopher B. Mueller & Laird C. Kirkpatrick, Federal Evidence § 6:53 at 401, 404 (3d ed. 2007).

Our review of the decision to admit Horvath’s prior conviction is for abuse of discretion, e.g., United States v. Smith, 131 F.3d 685, 687 (7th Cir. 1997), and in West Bend’s view, because the district court considered each of the five (non‐exclusive) factors we identified as relevant to the admission of a prior conviction under Rule 609 in United States v. Mahone, 537 F.2d 922, 929 (7th Cir. 1976) (citing Gordon v. United States, 383 F.2d 936, 940 (D.C. Cir. 1967) (Burger, J.)), and properly weighed the probative value of the prior conviction against its potential for prejudice, its decision to admit evidence of the conviction cannot amount to a reversible abuse of discretion, see United States v. Redditt, 381 F.3d 597, 601 (7th Cir. 2004). We agree that the court gave the issue thorough consideration and did discuss each of the Mahone factors. There is one problem with the court’s analysis that is immediately apparent, however. Embezzlement, as the parties agree, is an offense similar to the act at issue here—arson committed with an eye to fraudulently collecting on an insurance policy—in that both involve deceitful conduct. The district court, like West Bend, considered similarity to be a positive rather than a negative factor vis‐à‐vis the admissibility of the conviction. R. 139 at 20‐21; R. 140 at 19‐20; West Bend Br. 24. It is No. 12‐1520 Page 3

clearly a factor weighing against admission, however: “When the prior conviction and the charged act are of a similar nature, the danger [of unfair prejudice] increases. The jury is more likely to misuse the evidence for purposes other than impeachment, that is, to regard the prior conviction as evidence of a propensity to commit crime or of guilt, despite instructions to the contrary.” United States v. Shapiro, 565 F.2d 479, 481 (7th Cir. 1977) (citing, inter alia, United States v. Harding, 525 F.2d 84, 89‐90 (7th Cir. 1975) (Stevens, J.)); see also United States v. Hernandez, 106 F.3d 737, 740 (7th Cir. 1997); United States v. Causey, 9 F.3d 1341, 1344‐45 (7th Cir. 1993); United States v. Rein, 848 F.2d 777, 783 (7th Cir. 1988); United States v. Fountain, 642 F.2d 1083, 1091 (7th Cir. 1981); Gordon, 383 F.2d at 940; Spicer v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., 2007 WL 2363369, at *2 (S.D. Ind. Aug. 15, 2007) (Hamilton, J.).

Assuming, without deciding, that the district court’s error as to the similarity factor —which was a legal error—so tainted the court’s overall application of the multi‐factor Mahone framework, and the balancing of probative value versus prejudice, as to render the decision to admit the conviction an abuse of discretion, see Moffitt v. Ill. State Bd. of Educ., 236 F.3d 868, 873 (7th Cir. 2001), we must still consider whether the error affected Horvath’s substantial rights. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 61. It did not.

First, as West Bend points out, Horvath’s prior conviction was disclosed but not given undue attention at trial. Out of a trial transcript that totaled more than 400 pages, Horvath’s counsel spent roughly one page of the trial transcript fronting the basic facts regarding the conviction, R. 143 at 5‐6, and West Bend spent another two pages asking her about the conviction on cross‐examination, R. 143 at 107‐09.

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Related

Morris W. Gordon v. United States
383 F.2d 936 (D.C. Circuit, 1967)
United States v. Ledford Gene Harding
525 F.2d 84 (Seventh Circuit, 1975)
United States v. Otha Lee Mahone
537 F.2d 922 (Seventh Circuit, 1976)
United States v. Michael Shapiro
565 F.2d 479 (Seventh Circuit, 1977)
United States v. David A. Rein
848 F.2d 777 (Seventh Circuit, 1988)
United States v. Charles W. Wilson
985 F.2d 348 (Seventh Circuit, 1993)
United States v. Michael Causey
9 F.3d 1341 (Seventh Circuit, 1993)
United States v. Salvador A. Hernandez
106 F.3d 737 (Seventh Circuit, 1997)
United States v. James T. Smith
131 F.3d 685 (Seventh Circuit, 1997)
United States v. Lynn M. Redditt
381 F.3d 597 (Seventh Circuit, 2004)
Terrence Barber v. City of Chicago
725 F.3d 702 (Seventh Circuit, 2013)

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Bluebook (online)
Kathy Horvath v. West Bend Mutual Insurance Co, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/kathy-horvath-v-west-bend-mutual-insurance-co-ca7-2013.