Joyner v. Continental Insurance Companies

101 F.R.D. 414, 38 Fed. R. Serv. 2d 472, 1983 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10589
CourtDistrict Court, S.D. Georgia
DecidedDecember 20, 1983
DocketNo. CV483-421
StatusPublished
Cited by16 cases

This text of 101 F.R.D. 414 (Joyner v. Continental Insurance Companies) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, S.D. Georgia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Joyner v. Continental Insurance Companies, 101 F.R.D. 414, 38 Fed. R. Serv. 2d 472, 1983 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10589 (S.D. Ga. 1983).

Opinion

ORDER

EDENFIELD, District Judge.

Pursuant to F.R.C.P. Rule 37(a), Plaintiffs move this Court to compel Defendant Continental Insurance Companies (“Continental”) to answer Plaintiffs’ interrogatories. Defendant opposes Plaintiffs’ motion on the ground that the information sought is privileged under F.R.C.P. Rule 26(b)(3).

I. Background

Plaintiffs allege that they were insured by the Defendant when a fire destroyed their residence on May 29, 1983. They further allege that they complied with Continental’s claim procedure, but that the Defendant has in bad faith refused to make payment to them. In its Answer, the Defendant alleges, inter alia, that Plaintiffs intentionally set fire to their residence and that Defendant is therefore not liable to them for payment under the policy.

Apparently seeking to discover the basis for this defense, Plaintiffs requested that the Defendant identify and state the substance of all statements given by anyone to the Defendant in connection with the loss in question. Defendant identified numerous statements obtained by its investigators, but refused to provide any further information on the basis that it is privileged pursuant to F.R.C.P. Rule 26(b)(3).

The Court heard arguments from both parties at a December 16, 1983, hearing on this motion.

II. Conclusion

To resolve this dispute, it must ultimately be determined whether the material Plaintiffs seek constitutes work-product immune from discovery under F.R.C.P. Rule 26(b)(3). Rule 26(b)(3) was adopted in 1970 to codify the holding in Hickman v. Taylor, 329 U.S. 495, 67 S.Ct. 385, 91 L.Ed. 451 (1947), that attorney work product enjoys limited immunity from discovery. 8 Wright & Miller, Federal Practice & Procedure: Civil § 2023 (1970). The Rule expands the Hickman work-product doctrine “by extending discovery protection to the work product of a party or his agents and representatives, as well as that party’s attorney. See Westhemeco Ltd. v. New Hampshire Ins. Co., 82 F.R.D. 702, 708 (S.D.N.Y.1979); United States v. Chatham City Corp., 72 F.R.D. 640, 642 (S.D.Ga.1976).” Carver v. Allstate Ins. Co., 94 F.R.D. 131, 133 (S.D.Ga.1982).

A reasonably clear statement of the law may be gleaned from the cases analyzing this area: If the information sought was obtained in the ordinary course of the insurer’s business, it is generally discoverable; if the information consists of the thoughts or mental impressions of the insurer’s attorneys, investigators, agents or other representatives, it is immune from discovery. Problems arise, however, in the application of this distinction.

Plaintiffs maintain that the statements they seek are discoverable. They are correct to the extent that “[rjule 26(b)(3) is not intended to protect from general discovery materials prepared in the ordinary course of business [cit].” American Bankers Ins. Co. v. Colo. Flying Academy, 97 F.R.D. 515, 517 (D.Colo.1983); citing Atlanta Coca-Cola Bottling Co. v. Transamerica Ins. Co., 61 F.R.D. 115 (N.D.Ga.1977). In that regard, “[cjourts generally have held that reports and statements taken by an insurance adjuster for an insurance company in the normal course [416]*416of investigating a claim are prepared in the regular course of the company’s business and, therefore, not in anticipation of litigation for trial. Id.

Moreover, where state law permits “bad faith” damages, as is the case in Georgia (O.C.G.A. § 33-34-6), such materials take on additional relevance. In Atlanta Bottling, the court acknowledged plaintiff’s need for defendant’s investigation documents in relation to plaintiff’s claim for bad faith damages by the insurer. In granting plaintiff’s motion, the court concluded that “[t]he information sought will to some degree demonstrate the thoroughness with which defendant investigated and considered plaintiff’s claim and thus is relevant to the question of the good or bad faith of defendant in denying the claim.” Id., at 117. A “common justification for discovery is the claim which relates to the opposite party’s knowledge that can only be shown by the documents themselves.” In Re International Systems & Controls Corp., 693 F.2d 1235 (5th Cir.1982). Regarding the bad faith issue, the documents in the instant case would seem to be prime candidates for application of this “exclusive knowledge of the other party” justification. See APL Corp. v. Aetna Cas. & Sur. Co., 91 F.R.D. 10, 14 (D.C.Md.1980) (holding that plaintiff met “undue hardship/substantial need” burden of 26(b)(3) in seeking documents in relation to bad faith claim against insurer, but insurer was not compelled under Rule 26(b)(3) to disclose mental impressions of its attorney or other representative).

As mentioned above, deciding whether an insurance investigator’s work product was generated in the ordinary course of business or “in anticipation of litigation,” however, is not without difficulty. See F.R.C.P. Rule 26(b)(3), “Subdivision (b)(3) — Trial Preparation: Materials,” F.R.C.P. Advisory Notes at para. 1. Guidance may be found in recent case law.

[Pjrudent parties anticipate litigation, and begin preparation prior to the time suit is formally commenced. Thus the test should be whether, in light of the nature of the document and the factual situation in the particular case, the document can fairly be said to have been prepared or obtained because of the prospect of litigation, (emphasis added).

Binks Mfg. Co. v. Presto Industries, Inc., 709 F.2d 1109, 1118-19 (7th Cir.1983), citing 8 Wright & Miller § 2024. The Seventh Circuit further emphasized that

[t]he mere contingency that litigation may not result is not determinative____ A more or less routine investigation of a possibly resistable claim is not sufficient to immunize an investigative report developed in the ordinary course of business. Some recent cases have suggested the need for establishing an identifiable resolve to litigate prior to the investigative efforts resulting in the report before the work product doctrine becomes applicable. See, e.g., Fine v. Bellefonte Underwriters Ins. Co., 91 F.R.D. 420 (S.D.N.Y.1981); Atlanta Coca-Cola Bottling Co. v. Trans America Ins. Co., 61 F.R.D. 115 (N.D.Ga.1972). While litigation need not be imminent, the primary motivating purpose behind the creation of a document or investigation must be to aid in possible future litigation.

Id. (emphasis added).

To demonstrate that it possessed an “identifiable resolve” to litigate almost immediately after the fire loss occurred in this case, the Defendant has submitted the affidavit of David Stroud, an insurance adjuster for Underwriters Adjusting Company. Mr. Stroud states that the fire loss in this case was reported to his office on May 31, 1983, two days after the fire occurred. Shortly thereafter, he personally inspected the damaged premises and retained the services of a professional engineer to determine the cause of the fire. (Affidavit of David Stroud at 1). The next day, the engineer informed Stroud that the fire was of a suspicious origin. Later laboratory analyses supported this suspicion.

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Bluebook (online)
101 F.R.D. 414, 38 Fed. R. Serv. 2d 472, 1983 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10589, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/joyner-v-continental-insurance-companies-gasd-1983.