Johnson v. State

1998 OK CR 13, 952 P.2d 1003, 1998 WL 30535
CourtCourt of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma
DecidedJanuary 29, 1998
DocketPC-97-261
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 1998 OK CR 13 (Johnson v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Johnson v. State, 1998 OK CR 13, 952 P.2d 1003, 1998 WL 30535 (Okla. Ct. App. 1998).

Opinions

OPINION DENYING APPLICATION FOB POST-CONVICTION RELIEF AND REQUESTS FOR AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING AND DISCOVERY

JOHNSON, Judge:

¶ 1 Vincent Allen Johnson, Petitioner, was tried by a jury before the Honorable Steven W. Taylor in the District Court of Pittsburg County, Case No. F-91-114. Johnson was convicted of First-Degree Malice Aforethought Murder. During sentencing) the jury found (1) Johnson was previously convicted of felonies involving the use or threat of violence to the person; (2) the murder was committed for remuneration or the promise of remuneration; and (3) Johnson posed a continuing threat to society. Johnson was ultimately sentenced to death. Johnson appealed his Judgment and Sentence to this Court and we affirmed. Johnson v. State, 1995 OK CR 62, 911 P.2d 918. The United States Supreme Court denied certiorari on October 6, 1996. Johnson v. Oklahoma, — U.S. -, 117 S.Ct. 116, 136 L.Ed.2d 67 (1996).

¶ 2 On April 11, 1997, Johnson filed an Application for Post-Conviction Relief together with requests for discovery and an evidentiary hearing with this Court.1 Under Oklahoma’s post-conviction statutes, the issues that may be raised in post-conviction are limited to those which: (1) “[w]ere not or could not have been raised in a direct appeal; and (2) [s]upport a conclusion either that the outcome of the trial would have been different but for the errors or that the defendant is factually innocent.” 22 O.S.Supp.1995, § 1089(C). See also McGregor v. State, 1997 OK CR 10, 935 P.2d 332, 333-334, cert. denied, — U.S. -, 117 S.Ct. 2489, 138 L.Ed.2d 996 (1997). On review, this Court must determine “(1) whether controverted, previously unresolved factual issues material to the legality of the applicant’s confinement exist (2) whether the applicant’s grounds were or could have been previously raised and (3) whether relief may be granted....” '22 O.S.1995, § 1089(D)(4)(a). The Post-Conviction Procedure Act is not intended to provide a second appeal. Walker v. State, 1997 OK CR 3, 933 P.2d 327, 330, cert. denied, — U.S. -, 117 S.Ct. 2524, 138 L.Ed.2d 1024 (1997). Issues which were, raised on direct appeal are barred by res judicata. McGregor, 935 P.2d at 334. Issues which could have been raised on direct appeal but were not are waived. Id.

[1006]*1006¶3 In total, Johnson raises 10 propositions of error. In Propositions I, III and V, Johnson claims ineffective assistance of both trial and appellate counsel, “[ineffective assistance of trial counsel claims are properly raised and may be [reviewed on the merits] on post-conviction only if they are based upon facts which were not available to the applicant’s direct appeal attorney and thus could not have been made part of the direct appeal record.” Walker, 933 P.2d at 332. The mere absence of facts from the direct appeal record is insufficient to trigger review. Id. Johnson’s claims of ineffective assistance of trial counsel do not depend on facts unavailable at the time of his direct appeal. Powell v. State, 1997 OK CR 19, 935 P.2d 378, 382. Thus, Johnson’s claims of ineffective assistance of trial counsel are barred.

¶4 “Ineffective assistance of appellate counsel claims are properly before us only if the Court finds that if the allegations were true, the performance of appellate counsel would constitute the denial of reasonably competent assistance of appellate counsel under prevailing professional norms.” McGregor, 935 P.2d at 335, Ineffective assistance of appellate claims are analyzed under the three-tiered procedural scheme set forth in Walker, supra. We must first determine whether a petitioner has established counsel’s conduct was deficient under prevailing professional norms. Walker, 933 P.2d at 333. If so, we will consider the substantive claim allegedly mishandled by appellate counsel, if that claim is otherwise appropriate for post-conviction review. Mitchell v. State, 1997 OK CR 9, 934 P.2d 346, 349, cert. denied, — U.S. -, 117 S.Ct. 2489, 138 L.Ed.2d 996 (1997); Walker, 933 P.2d at 333.

¶ 5 In Proposition I, Johnson claims trial and appellate counsel were ineffective for failing to seek “use immunity” for his alleged accomplice Ted Holt. Johnson submits that Holt’s testimony would have demonstrated his factual innocence.2 The record clearly demonstrates that counsel had the benefit of Holt’s trial testimony when preparing defendant’s direct appeal.3 Therefore, the facts necessary to pursue this issue were available to his direct appeal attorney, and the claim of ineffective assistance of trial counsel is barred by waiver. Walker, 933 P.2d at 332.

¶ 6 With regard to the ineffective assistance of appellate counsel claim, Johnson has met .the first prong of Walker as appellate counsel failed to raise the substantive claim on direct appeal. However, Johnson fails to demonstrate that appellate counsel “breached any duties owed to him, or that [counsel’s] judgment was unreasonable under the circumstances or did not fall within the wide range of professional assistance.” Walker, 933 P.2d at 336. Instead, Johnson simply appears to reason that an attorney who omits arguably meritorious claims is always ineffective. Id. Such a conclusory allegation, standing alone, will not support a finding that an attorney’s performance was deficient. Id. Therefore, the substantive claim remains procedurally barred and will not be considered on the merits.

¶ 7 Johnson claims in Proposition III that trial and appellate counsel were ineffective for failing to challenge the trial court’s instruction on the capital sentencing option of life without parole. This claim of ineffective assistance of trial counsel does not require fact-finding outside the direct appeal record and is thus barred by waiver. Walker, 933 P.2d at 332. With regard to the ineffective assistance of appellate counsel portion of this claim, Johnson has met the first prong of Walker as appellate counsel failed to raise this issue on direct appeal. However, beyond arguing the substantive merits of the claim, Johnson fails to present any facts showing why this omission constituted deficient performance. “Mere failure to raise a claim will not constitute deficient performance.” Bryan v. State, 1997 OK CR [1007]*100769, 948 P.2d 1230, 1234 (Okl.Cr.1997). Johnson has failed to demonstrate appellate counsel’s performance was ineffective and the substantive claim remains barred.

¶ 8 In Proposition V, Johnson maintains that trial counsel failed to reasonably investigate, prepare, and present relevant mitigating evidence, and that appellate counsel was ineffective for failing to raise this issue on direct appeal. Johnson’s ineffective assistance of trial counsel claim is barred as Johnson acknowledges that this claim was obvious from the record at the time of the direct appeal.4 With regard to his ineffective assistance of appellate counsel claim, Johnson has met the first prong of Walker as appellate counsel failed to raise this issue on direct appeal. However, Johnson has once again failed to present any facts which demonstrate why this omission constituted deficient performance.

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Johnson v. State
1998 OK CR 13 (Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma, 1998)

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Bluebook (online)
1998 OK CR 13, 952 P.2d 1003, 1998 WL 30535, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/johnson-v-state-oklacrimapp-1998.