Johnson v. Sears, Roebuck & Co.

436 A.2d 675, 291 Pa. Super. 625, 1981 Pa. Super. LEXIS 3675
CourtSuperior Court of Pennsylvania
DecidedOctober 30, 1981
Docket757
StatusPublished
Cited by27 cases

This text of 436 A.2d 675 (Johnson v. Sears, Roebuck & Co.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Superior Court of Pennsylvania primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Johnson v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 436 A.2d 675, 291 Pa. Super. 625, 1981 Pa. Super. LEXIS 3675 (Pa. Ct. App. 1981).

Opinions

WICKERSHAM, Judge:

This is an appeal from an order denying appellants’ “Petition to Modify Minor’s Compromise Settlement” regarding the amount and manner of payment of attorneys’ fees. We reverse the order of the lower court and remand the case for proceedings consistent with this opinion.

[627]*627On January 14, 1974, Stephen M. Johnson, (“the minor”) was struck by a truck owned by defendant Sears, Roebuck and Company and driven by defendant John Herron. Stephen Johnson, age eleven, sustained severe personal injuries and was rendered comatose as a result of the accident.1

Suit was filed on December 19, 1975 on behalf of the minor and his parents, Ann and Millard Johnson, Jr. The case was prepared and listed for trial June 12, 1978. Six days prior thereto, a settlement conference was held by the lower court, and settlement was reached and approved by order of the lower court on June 29, 1978.

The court below summarized the settlement as follows: The agreement provided for an immediate payment to Petitioners of $100,000.00; immediate payment of counsel fees of $500,000.00 and the purchase by the Defendants of a lifetime annuity on behalf of the minor with the following provisions: (1) yearly payments of $23,000.00 for the life of the minor, (2) the yearly amount payable under the annuity will increase by three (3%) percent per annum compounded, (3) payments of the amounts due under the annuity will be made monthly, (4) payments under the annuity will continue for a guaranteed period of twenty years, and (5) the annuity will be insured by a company acceptable to the Plaintiffs.

Lower ct. op. at 2.

Soon after the settlement agreement was signed, the Johnsons became dissatisfied with it. They discharged their attorneys, Marshall Bernstein and Jules Mazis, (appellees in the instant action), and retained their present counsel, James M. McMaster. Appellant’s new counsel filed a “Petition to Modify Minor’s Compromise Settlement” which was denied on March 30, 1979 after a two day hearing before the court which had originally approved the settlement. This appeal followed the denial of that petition. The Johnsons now [628]*628allege that the amount received by their former attorneys and the method of payment should be modified. The thrust of their argument is that Mr. Bernstein and Mr. Mazis used an improper method to determine the gross value of the settlement on which to base their attorneys’ fees. We agree.

The lower court set forth the computation method used by appellees as follows:

In computing the gross settlement value on which to base their one-third contingent fee, Respondents first reduced the minor’s right to receive the life annuity payments to its present value. The projected payments ($23,-000.00 per annum with a three (3%) percent yearly increment) were multiplied by the anticipated life expectancy of the minor (50 years as computed by an actuary and based on Standard Life Expectancy Tables) resulting in a total of $2,594,170.00. Then, this amount was reduced to present value by six (6%) percent simple interest resulting in a figure of $1,050,422.00. Respondents then added the value of the cash payments, $600,000.00, to the present value of the annuity, $1,050,422.00, to arrive at a figure of $1,650,422.00, which represented the total of all present benefits under the settlement agreement. Respondents then set their contingent fee at $500,000.00, less than one-third of the total value of the settlement.

Lower ct. op. at 5.

The problem we perceive with this computation method is that it provides for the attorneys’ contingency fee to be based on the total amount of the Johnsons’ future possible payments despite the fact that the Johnsons may never receive that amount. After the expiration of the twenty year period for which the annuity payment is guaranteed, appellants only have a right to receive an annuity payment each year that their son actually lives. Nevertheless, Mr. Bernstein and Mr. Mazis avoided the inherent risk in the annuity settlement and based their attorneys’ fees on the [629]*629entire amount the Johnsons would receive if their son lived the normal life expectancy of a fifteen-year-old boy.2

Mr. Bernstein and Mr. Mazis argue that there is substantial precedent in support of their method for computing the value of the right to receive future payments. See Frankel v. United States, 321 F.Supp. 1331 (E.D.Pa.1970), aff’d. sub nom., Frankel v. Heym, 465 F.2d 1226 (3rd Cir. 1972); Vizzini v. Ford Motor Company, 72 F.R.D. 132 (E.D.Pa.1976), aff’d, 569 F.2d 767 (3rd Cir. 1977); Brodie v. Philadelphia Transportation Company, 415 Pa. 296, 203 A.2d 657 (1964). Although the same formula was used in these actions to compute damages, whether or not the victim actually lived his or her entire life expectancy became irrelevant because the present value of the future projected loss was immediately paid to the victim or the estate. The victims’ attorneys’ fees were, therefore, based on amounts actually received by their clients. Mr. Bernstein’s and Mr. Mazis’ reliance on these cases is misplaced since their attorneys’ fees were based on a sum that the Johnsons may never receive.

Mr. Bernstein and Mr. Mazis also argue that the amount of $500,000 was not intended for unrestricted purposes but was created specifically for the purpose of paying the attorneys’ fees. We do not agree. This amount was clearly arrived at by taking one-third of the total value of the award which was calculated by adding the total of the lump sums awarded ($600,000) to the value of the annuity payments as calculated by Mr. Bernstein and Mr. Mazis. This [630]*630indicates that the $500,000 was part of the settlement award’s gross value. See lower ct. op. at 5.

The Johnsons urge us to find that the most equitable method of determining the amount due their former attorneys is to award them one-third of the lump sum payments plus one-third of any periodic payments if and when received. They cite a Workmen’s Compensation case, Greco v. Vulcan Smithing Coal Co., 19 Pa.D & C 61 (1932), as the precedent for an attorney receiving his contingent fee as a percentage of each future periodic payment to his client. While this method of payment may have been equitable, it was also mandated by statute. Section 501 of the Workmen’s Compensation Act, Act of June 2, 1915, P.L. 736, as amended, 77 P.S. § 1021. Considering the nature of annuity settlements and the fact that they may be paid out over an extensive period of time, we believe this method of payment can be both unwieldly and impractical. But see Sedgwick and Judge, The Use of Annuities in Settlement of Personal Injury Cases, Insurance Counsel Journal, Vol. XLI, No. 4 (October, 1974) 584.

We find that the most equitable method of valuing an annuity for the purpose of determining the amount of attorneys’ fees due is by the cost of the annuity. See Lilly, Alternatives to Lump Sum Payments in Personal Injury Cases, Insurance Counsel Journal, Vol. XLIV, No. 2 (April, 1977) 243, 246. The cost of the annuity takes into account the possibility that the minor may live longer or shorter than his anticipated life expectancy and is priced accordingly. While we agree with Mr. Bernstein’s and Mr.

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Bluebook (online)
436 A.2d 675, 291 Pa. Super. 625, 1981 Pa. Super. LEXIS 3675, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/johnson-v-sears-roebuck-co-pasuperct-1981.