Jamie Johnson in her capacity as tutor for R.C., a minor child v. Randy Smith, et al.

CourtDistrict Court, E.D. Louisiana
DecidedDecember 18, 2025
Docket2:24-cv-00170
StatusUnknown

This text of Jamie Johnson in her capacity as tutor for R.C., a minor child v. Randy Smith, et al. (Jamie Johnson in her capacity as tutor for R.C., a minor child v. Randy Smith, et al.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, E.D. Louisiana primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

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Jamie Johnson in her capacity as tutor for R.C., a minor child v. Randy Smith, et al., (E.D. La. 2025).

Opinion

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA

JAMIE JOHNSON CIVIL ACTION IN HER CAPACITY AS TUTOR FOR R.C., A MINOR CHILD

VERSUS No. 24-170 RANDY SMITH, ET AL. SECTION I ORDER AND REASONS Before the Court are two motions filed by defendants Randy Smith (“Smith”), Bill Johnson (“Johnson”), Chris Vado (“Vado”), and John Connolly’s (“Connolly,” collectively, “defendants”). The first is a motion1 for attorney’s fees and expenses pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1988 and Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 54(d)(2). The second is a motion2 for taxation of costs pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1920 and Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 54(d)(1). Plaintiff Jamie Johnson (“plaintiff”), in her capacity as tutor for R.C., a minor child, filed a response3 in opposition to both of defendants’ motions. Defendants filed a reply.4 For the reasons that follow, this Court denies defendants’ motion for attorneys’ fees and dismisses without prejudice its motion for costs. I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND This case arises out of an encounter between R.C., a minor child, and defendants Vado and Connolly, a detective and a deputy with the St. Tammany

1 R. Doc. No. 76. 2 R. Doc. No. 77. 3 R. Doc. No. 79. 4 R. Doc. No. 80. Parish Sheriff’s Office, respectively.5 On May 23, 2024, plaintiff filed an amended complaint,6 alleging (1) excessive force pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983; (2) violations of the Louisiana Constitution; (3) state law battery; (4) state law negligence; (5) failure

to intervene; and (6) respondeat superior pursuant to state law. On November 8, 2024, defendants jointly moved for summary judgment, arguing that (1) plaintiff’s claims were barred by Heck v. Humphrey; (2) there were no statutory or constitutional violations in light of the uncontested material facts; (3) defendants were entitled to qualified immunity; and (4) plaintiff failed to establish causation for her alleged injuries.7 On December 6, 2024, this Court granted

defendants’ motion for summary judgment on the basis of qualified immunity, dismissed plaintiff’s federal claims with prejudice, and dismissed her state law claims without prejudice.8 On November 5, 2025, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed this Court’s grant of summary judgment and dismissal of plaintiff’s state law claims.9 On November 19, 2025, defendants filed their motion10 for attorneys’ fees and their motion11 for taxation of costs, arguing that they are entitled to costs as

5 R. Doc. No. 60. 6 R. Doc. No. 8. 7 R. Doc. No. 53. 8 R. Doc. No. 70. 9 R. Doc. No. 78. 10 R. Doc. No. 76. 11 R. Doc. No. 77. the prevailing party and entitled to attorneys’ fees because plaintiff’s claims are “frivolous, unreasonable, or groundless.”12 II. STANDARD OF LAW

a. Attorneys’ Fees “When moving for attorney’s fees, ‘the fee applicant bears the burden of establishing entitlement to an award . . . .’” Petteway v. Henry, 738 F.3d 132, 137 (5th Cir. 2013) (quoting Hensley, 461 U.S. at 437). Title 42 United States Code § 1988(b) provides that in any action to enforce a provision of § 1983, “the court, in its discretion, may allow the prevailing party . . . a reasonable attorney’s fee as part of

the costs.” It is well settled that, “under 42 U.S.C. § 1988, a prevailing party may also recover ‘[a]ll reasonable out-of-pocket expenses, including charges for photocopying, paralegal assistance, travel, and telephone . . . because they are part of the costs normally charged to a fee-paying client.’” DeLeon v. Abbott, 687 F. App’x 340, 342 (5th Cir. 2017) (quoting Associated Builders & Contractors of La., Inc. v. Orleans Par. Sch. Bd., 919 F.2d 374, 380 (5th Cir. 1990)). The Fifth Circuit has held that while “the discretion afforded district courts to

deny attorney’s fees to prevailing plaintiffs under § 1988 is exceedingly narrow,” Sanchez v. City of Austin, 774 F.3d 873, 878 (5th Cir. 2014) (quoting Cruz v. Hauck, 762 F.2d 1230, 1233 (5th Cir. 1985)), attorneys’ fees are only available to defendants when “the plaintiff’s action was frivolous, unreasonable, or without foundation, even though not brought in subjective bad faith.” Vaughn v. Lewisville Indep. Sch. Dist.,

12 See generally R. Doc. No. 76; R. Doc. No. 77. 62 F.4th 199, 203–04 (5th Cir. 2023) (quoting Christiansburg Garment Co. v. Equal Emp. Opportunity Comm’n, 434 U.S. 412, 421 (1978)); Doe v. Silsbee Indep. Sch. Dist., 440 F. App’x 421, 425 (5th Cir. 2011) (“[A]n award of attorney’s fees to a prevailing

defendant under § 1988 is ‘presumptively unavailable’ . . . and is proper only upon a finding that the plaintiff’s suit is ‘frivolous, unreasonable, or groundless . . .’”) (quoting Dean v. Riser, 240 F.3d 505, 508 (5th Cir. 2001)). A claim is “frivolous” when it is “wholly insubstantial,” as for example, when it is foreclosed by Supreme Court precedent. WickFire, LLC v. Woodruff, 989 F.3d 343, 349 (5th Cir. 2021); Perkins v. Hart, No. 21-879, 2024 WL 3755238, at *11 (E.D. La.

June 28, 2024), report and recommendation adopted, 2024 WL 3742743 (E.D. La. Aug. 7, 2024). A claim is foreclosed by Supreme Court precedent “when the ‘unsoundness’ of the claim ‘so clearly results from the [Supreme Court] decisions . . . as to foreclose the subject and leave no room for the inference that the questions sought to be raised can be the subject of controversy.” WickFire, 989 F.3d at 349. Courts award attorneys’ fees to prevailing defendants “where the plaintiff’s civil rights claim lacks a basis in fact or relies on an undisputably meritless legal theory.” Silsbee Indep. Sch. Dist., 440

F. App’x at 425. However, “a losing claim is not frivolous if it has legal and factual undergirding.” Id. When deciding whether a claim is frivolous, “courts may examine factors such as: (1) whether the plaintiff established a prima facie case; (2) whether the defendant offered to settle; and (3) whether the court dismissed the case or held a full trial.” Doe v. Silsbee Indep. Sch. Dist., 440 F. App’x 421, 425 (5th Cir. 2011). “These factors are, however, guideposts, not hard and fast rules. Determinations regarding frivolity are to be made on a case-by-case basis.” Id. (quoting E.E.O.C. v. L.B. Foster Co., 123 F.3d 746, 751 (3d Cir. 1997)). The Supreme Court has stated that

when applying these factors, it is important that a district court “resist the understandable temptation to engage in post hoc reasoning by concluding that, because a plaintiff did not ultimately prevail, his action must have been unreasonable or without foundation.” Offord v. Parker, 456 F. App’x 472, 474 (5th Cir. 2012) (quoting Christiansburg, 434 U.S. at 421–22). This is because that “kind of hindsight logic could discourage all but the most airtight claims, for seldom can a prospective

plaintiff be sure of ultimate success.” Silsbee Indep. Sch. Dist., 440 F.

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