MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Aug 18 2017, 5:32 am court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Stanley L. Campbell Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Fort Wayne, Indiana Attorney General
Christina D. Pace Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
James A. Pequignot, Jr., August 18, 2017 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 02A03-1702-CR-466 v. Appeal from the Allen Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Frances C. Gull, Appellee-Plaintiff Judge Trial Court Cause No. 02D06-1605-F6-620
Crone, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1702-CR-466 | August 18, 2017 Page 1 of 7 Case Summary [1] James A. Pequignot, Jr., appeals the aggregate two and one-half year sentence
imposed by the trial court following his guilty plea and conviction for two
counts of level 6 felony resisting law enforcement, and one count of class A
misdemeanor operating a vehicle while intoxicated. He contends that his
sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offenses and his character.
Concluding that he has not met his burden to demonstrate that his sentence is
inappropriate, we affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [2] On May 23, 2016, Fort Wayne Police Department Officer A. Maurer observed
a silver Ford Focus, driven by Pequignot, traveling westbound on Washington
Boulevard. Officer Maurer observed Pequignot change lanes without using an
appropriate turn signal. Officer Maurer activated his emergency lights to
initiate a traffic stop, but Pequignot continued driving, abruptly switching lanes
multiple times before finally coming to a stop approximately 25 seconds later.
[3] Pequignot exited his vehicle and faced Officer Maurer. Officer Maurer ordered
him to get back into the vehicle, turn off the vehicle, and place his keys on the
roof. Pequignot yelled and asked if he was being detained. Officer Maurer
answered, “Yes you are right now.” Appellant’s App. Vol. 2 at 20. Pequignot
yelled again to question why he was being detained. Officer Maurer repeated
that Pequignot needed to comply with his orders, but Pequignot refused. At
that point, other officers arrived and a female passenger exited the vehicle and
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1702-CR-466 | August 18, 2017 Page 2 of 7 complied with orders. After the female exited the vehicle, Pequignot sped off in
the vehicle. He drove westbound in an alley, jumped out of the vehicle, and
ran. Officers eventually caught up to Pequignot and were able to apprehend
him. However, Pequignot forcibly resisted as the officers struggled to take him
into custody. Officer M. Cline suffered an injury to his shoulder while
attempting to secure Pequignot. Pequignot subsequently submitted to two
chemical breath tests that revealed that he had a blood alcohol content of .123%
and .134% respectively. He also admitted that he had been drinking beer prior
to driving.
[4] The State charged Pequignot with two counts of level 6 felony resisting law
enforcement, class A misdemeanor resisting law enforcement, class A
misdemeanor operating a vehicle while intoxicated, class C misdemeanor
operating a vehicle with .08 or more alcohol concentration, and a class C
infraction of failing to give a signal of intention to turn. In July 2016,
Pequignot pled guilty to all counts. The trial court took the guilty plea under
advisement and Pequignot was placed into the Drug Court program pursuant to
a written participation agreement. Among other things, Pequignot agreed to
successfully complete all assigned treatment programs, keep all appointments
with his case manager, submit to random drug screens and not submit positive
or diluted screens, and to appear in court when instructed. In December 2016,
the Allen County Drug Court case manager filed a petition to terminate
Pequignot’s Drug Court participation and to schedule sentencing. The petition
stated that Pequignot violated the terms and conditions of his participation by
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1702-CR-466 | August 18, 2017 Page 3 of 7 failing to submit to random urine screens on three occasions, providing a
positive screen for alcohol and cocaine on one occasion, and providing diluted
screens on three occasions. The petition also stated that Pequignot failed to
successfully complete substance abuse treatment and transitional living, and
failed to appear in court or meet with his case manager as instructed.
[5] The trial court held a hearing on the petition to terminate on January 3, 2017.
Pequignot admitted that he violated the terms of his participation. Indeed, the
record indicates that, rather than participate in the Drug Court program as
agreed, he chose to “take off” and to “stay on the run” for a period of at least
four months. Tr. at 7-8. The trial court granted the petition to terminate and
scheduled a sentencing hearing for February 3, 2017.
[6] During sentencing, the trial court identified mitigating factors as Pequignot’s
guilty plea, his acceptance of responsibility, and his remorse. The court
identified his extensive criminal record and his failed efforts at rehabilitation as
aggravating factors. The court entered judgment of conviction on two counts of
level 6 felony resisting law enforcement and one count of class A misdemeanor
operating while intoxicated. The trial court merged the class A misdemeanor
resisting law enforcement count into one of the level 6 felony counts, and
dismissed the class C misdemeanor operating a vehicle while intoxicated count.
The court imposed an aggregate sentence of two and one-half years. This
appeal ensued.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1702-CR-466 | August 18, 2017 Page 4 of 7 Discussion and Decision [7] Pequignot claims that his sentence is inappropriate and invites this Court to
revise his sentence pursuant to Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B), which provides
that we may revise a sentence authorized by statute if, after due consideration
of the trial court’s decision, we find that the sentence “is inappropriate in light
of the nature of the offense and the character of the offender.” The defendant
bears the burden to persuade this Court that his or her sentence is inappropriate.
Childress v. State, 848 N.E.2d 1073, 1080 (Ind. 2006). Indiana’s flexible
sentencing scheme allows trial courts to tailor an appropriate sentence to the
circumstances presented, and the trial court’s judgment “should receive
considerable deference.” Cardwell v. State, 895 N.E.2d 1219, 1222 (Ind. 2008).
The principal role of appellate review is to attempt to “leaven the outliers.” Id.
at 1225. Whether we regard a sentence as inappropriate at the end of the day
turns on “our sense of the culpability of the defendant, the severity of the crime,
the damage done to others, and myriad other facts that come to light in a given
case.” Id. at 1224. Our review of the sentence should focus on the forest—the
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MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Aug 18 2017, 5:32 am court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Stanley L. Campbell Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Fort Wayne, Indiana Attorney General
Christina D. Pace Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
James A. Pequignot, Jr., August 18, 2017 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 02A03-1702-CR-466 v. Appeal from the Allen Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Frances C. Gull, Appellee-Plaintiff Judge Trial Court Cause No. 02D06-1605-F6-620
Crone, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1702-CR-466 | August 18, 2017 Page 1 of 7 Case Summary [1] James A. Pequignot, Jr., appeals the aggregate two and one-half year sentence
imposed by the trial court following his guilty plea and conviction for two
counts of level 6 felony resisting law enforcement, and one count of class A
misdemeanor operating a vehicle while intoxicated. He contends that his
sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offenses and his character.
Concluding that he has not met his burden to demonstrate that his sentence is
inappropriate, we affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [2] On May 23, 2016, Fort Wayne Police Department Officer A. Maurer observed
a silver Ford Focus, driven by Pequignot, traveling westbound on Washington
Boulevard. Officer Maurer observed Pequignot change lanes without using an
appropriate turn signal. Officer Maurer activated his emergency lights to
initiate a traffic stop, but Pequignot continued driving, abruptly switching lanes
multiple times before finally coming to a stop approximately 25 seconds later.
[3] Pequignot exited his vehicle and faced Officer Maurer. Officer Maurer ordered
him to get back into the vehicle, turn off the vehicle, and place his keys on the
roof. Pequignot yelled and asked if he was being detained. Officer Maurer
answered, “Yes you are right now.” Appellant’s App. Vol. 2 at 20. Pequignot
yelled again to question why he was being detained. Officer Maurer repeated
that Pequignot needed to comply with his orders, but Pequignot refused. At
that point, other officers arrived and a female passenger exited the vehicle and
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1702-CR-466 | August 18, 2017 Page 2 of 7 complied with orders. After the female exited the vehicle, Pequignot sped off in
the vehicle. He drove westbound in an alley, jumped out of the vehicle, and
ran. Officers eventually caught up to Pequignot and were able to apprehend
him. However, Pequignot forcibly resisted as the officers struggled to take him
into custody. Officer M. Cline suffered an injury to his shoulder while
attempting to secure Pequignot. Pequignot subsequently submitted to two
chemical breath tests that revealed that he had a blood alcohol content of .123%
and .134% respectively. He also admitted that he had been drinking beer prior
to driving.
[4] The State charged Pequignot with two counts of level 6 felony resisting law
enforcement, class A misdemeanor resisting law enforcement, class A
misdemeanor operating a vehicle while intoxicated, class C misdemeanor
operating a vehicle with .08 or more alcohol concentration, and a class C
infraction of failing to give a signal of intention to turn. In July 2016,
Pequignot pled guilty to all counts. The trial court took the guilty plea under
advisement and Pequignot was placed into the Drug Court program pursuant to
a written participation agreement. Among other things, Pequignot agreed to
successfully complete all assigned treatment programs, keep all appointments
with his case manager, submit to random drug screens and not submit positive
or diluted screens, and to appear in court when instructed. In December 2016,
the Allen County Drug Court case manager filed a petition to terminate
Pequignot’s Drug Court participation and to schedule sentencing. The petition
stated that Pequignot violated the terms and conditions of his participation by
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1702-CR-466 | August 18, 2017 Page 3 of 7 failing to submit to random urine screens on three occasions, providing a
positive screen for alcohol and cocaine on one occasion, and providing diluted
screens on three occasions. The petition also stated that Pequignot failed to
successfully complete substance abuse treatment and transitional living, and
failed to appear in court or meet with his case manager as instructed.
[5] The trial court held a hearing on the petition to terminate on January 3, 2017.
Pequignot admitted that he violated the terms of his participation. Indeed, the
record indicates that, rather than participate in the Drug Court program as
agreed, he chose to “take off” and to “stay on the run” for a period of at least
four months. Tr. at 7-8. The trial court granted the petition to terminate and
scheduled a sentencing hearing for February 3, 2017.
[6] During sentencing, the trial court identified mitigating factors as Pequignot’s
guilty plea, his acceptance of responsibility, and his remorse. The court
identified his extensive criminal record and his failed efforts at rehabilitation as
aggravating factors. The court entered judgment of conviction on two counts of
level 6 felony resisting law enforcement and one count of class A misdemeanor
operating while intoxicated. The trial court merged the class A misdemeanor
resisting law enforcement count into one of the level 6 felony counts, and
dismissed the class C misdemeanor operating a vehicle while intoxicated count.
The court imposed an aggregate sentence of two and one-half years. This
appeal ensued.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1702-CR-466 | August 18, 2017 Page 4 of 7 Discussion and Decision [7] Pequignot claims that his sentence is inappropriate and invites this Court to
revise his sentence pursuant to Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B), which provides
that we may revise a sentence authorized by statute if, after due consideration
of the trial court’s decision, we find that the sentence “is inappropriate in light
of the nature of the offense and the character of the offender.” The defendant
bears the burden to persuade this Court that his or her sentence is inappropriate.
Childress v. State, 848 N.E.2d 1073, 1080 (Ind. 2006). Indiana’s flexible
sentencing scheme allows trial courts to tailor an appropriate sentence to the
circumstances presented, and the trial court’s judgment “should receive
considerable deference.” Cardwell v. State, 895 N.E.2d 1219, 1222 (Ind. 2008).
The principal role of appellate review is to attempt to “leaven the outliers.” Id.
at 1225. Whether we regard a sentence as inappropriate at the end of the day
turns on “our sense of the culpability of the defendant, the severity of the crime,
the damage done to others, and myriad other facts that come to light in a given
case.” Id. at 1224. Our review of the sentence should focus on the forest—the
aggregate sentence—rather than the trees—consecutive or concurrent, number
of counts, or length of the sentence on any individual count. Pierce v. State, 949
N.E.2d 349, 352 (Ind. 2011).
[8] Regarding the nature of the offenses, the advisory sentence is the starting point
that the legislature has selected as an appropriate sentence for the crimes
committed. Fuller v. State, 9 N.E.3d 653, 657 (Ind. 2014). The sentencing range
for level 6 felonies is between six months and two and one-half years, with the
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1702-CR-466 | August 18, 2017 Page 5 of 7 advisory sentence being one year. Ind. Code § 35-50-2-7. A person who
commits a class A misdemeanor shall be imprisoned for a fixed term of not
more than one year. Ind. Code § 35-50-3-2. Here, the trial court sentenced
Pequignot to concurrent two-and-one-half-year terms for his two level 6
felonies, and a concurrent one year sentence for his class A misdemeanor, for
an aggregate sentence of two and one-half years. Although the nature of his
conduct which resulted in this aggregate sentence was not particularly
egregious, it was not particularly minor either. Pequignot drove a vehicle while
intoxicated, fled from police both by vehicle and on foot, and forcibly resisted
as the officers tried to take him into custody. Indeed, his behavior caused injury
to one of the officers. Nothing about the nature of these offenses convinces us
that two and one-half years is an inappropriate sanction.
[9] Pequignot does not fare any better when we consider his character. When
considering the character of the offender, one relevant fact is the defendant’s
criminal history. Rutherford v. State, 866 N.E.2d 867, 874 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007).
Pequignot’s criminal history is extensive to say the least. The record indicates
that he has fifteen prior misdemeanor convictions and eight prior felony
convictions. As noted by the trial court, he has been “given the benefit of every
[rehabilitation] program that’s available here in Allen County.” Tr. at 20.
Nevertheless, his probation has been revoked four times and he has had
previously suspended sentences modified three times and revoked twice. He
has had both his parole and a work release placement revoked once. Moreover,
he was on probation when the current offenses were committed, and when he
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1702-CR-466 | August 18, 2017 Page 6 of 7 was again given leniency and referred to Drug Court to aid him in his
rehabilitation, he absconded from the program. Pequignot’s continued
disregard for the law and inability to benefit from rehabilitative services reflects
poorly on his character.
[10] On appeal, Pequignot simply suggests that a more “appropriate sentence for
this case would have been no more than the [level 6 felony] advisory sentence
of 1 year.” Appellant’s Br. at 14. However, “Appellate Rule 7(B) analysis is not
to determine whether another sentence is more appropriate but rather whether
the sentence imposed is inappropriate.” Conley v. State, 972 N.E.2d 864, 876
(Ind. 2012). In sum, Pequignot has not persuaded us that his aggregate
sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offenses and his character.
Thus, we affirm the sentence imposed by the trial court.
[11] Affirmed.
Baker, J., and Barnes, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1702-CR-466 | August 18, 2017 Page 7 of 7