Jacobs v. Detroit Automobile Inter-Insurance Exchange

309 N.W.2d 627, 107 Mich. App. 424
CourtMichigan Court of Appeals
DecidedJune 30, 1981
DocketDocket 49962
StatusPublished
Cited by30 cases

This text of 309 N.W.2d 627 (Jacobs v. Detroit Automobile Inter-Insurance Exchange) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Michigan Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Jacobs v. Detroit Automobile Inter-Insurance Exchange, 309 N.W.2d 627, 107 Mich. App. 424 (Mich. Ct. App. 1981).

Opinions

Per Curiam.

Defendant appeals as of right from an order of the Wayne County Circuit Court granting summary judgment for plaintiff in the amount of $20,000, the policy limit of uninsured motorist benefits under an insurance contract between plaintiff and defendant.

In order to clarify our disposition of the issues raised by defendant in its appeal, a recitation of the facts leading to the trial court’s grant of summary judgment is in order.

On February 19, 1972, plaintiff was involved in a collision with an uninsured motorist. As of that date, plaintiff was insured under a policy issued by defendant which provided for uninsured motorist benefits with policy limits of $20,000. The policy provided under section 4, coverage G as follows:

"Subject to the limits of liability stated in this coverage, the Exchange agrees to pay:
"Part (1) all sums which the insured shall be legally entitled to recover as damages * * * from the owner or operator of an uninsured automobile because of bodily injury * * * resulting therefrom, sustained by the insured, caused by accident and arising out of the ownership, maintenance or use of such uninsured automobile

On September 23, 1974, plaintiff filed suit in Wayne County Circuit Court against the owner, Elmer Hereim, and driver, Ronald Hereim, of the uninsured vehicle, alleging that the car owner was uninsured at the time of the accident and seeking [428]*428recovery of her damages from the Motor Vehicle Accident Claims Fund.

On March 9, 1976, plaintiff gave defendant DAIIE formal notice of the aforementioned automobile accident and filed a claim for benefits under the uninsured motorist coverage of an insurance policy issued by defendant. Sometime thereafter, Mr. Robert Wisok, attorney for the plaintiff, notified defendant that he had been retained to represent plaintiff in the matter of her claim for benefits. Defendant made a settlement offer of $2,000, which was neither accepted nor rejected by plaintiff. No further efforts to negotiate plaintiff’s claim were made until June 7, 1978, more than six years after the date of the accident, at which time plaintiff sent defendant a letter demanding that the matter be submitted to arbitration in accordance with the terms of the insurance policy. Defendant denied arbitration and alleged that the statute of limitations had run on plaintiff’s claim.

On February 1, 1979, plaintiff, after trial by jury, was awarded judgment in the amount of $63,664.50, including interest and costs, in the Wayne County Circuit Court action against Elmer Hereim. On February 28, 1979, plaintiff filed her complaint in the instant action against defendant, alleging breach of contract based on defendant’s refusal to arbitrate the insurance claim and seeking judgment for the policy limits of $20,000. Defendant answered, denying any breach of contract and raising as an affirmative defense the statute of limitations.

Plaintiff filed a motion for summary judgment, asserting that defendant’s refusal to arbitrate constituted breach of contract as a matter of law. In response, defendant filed a motion for accelerated judgment on grounds that plaintiff’s action was [429]*429barred by the statute of limitations. On July 27, 1979, a ruling was made in Wayne County Circuit Court holding that plaintiffs claim accrued in June of 1978, when defendant refused arbitration, and that the statute of limitations did not begin to run until that time. The trial court requested briefs on the further question of whether defendant had waived its right to arbitration.

On October 12, 1979, the trial court ruled that defendant had indeed waived its right to arbitration. On January 25, 1980, the parties appeared once more before the trial court on plaintiffs motion for entry of summary judgment. The defendant objected to the summary judgment on the grounds that there existed genuine issues of material fact, namely whether plaintiff was entitled to benefits under the contract, the amount of damages, and the validity of defenses other than the statute of limitations. The trial court overruled defendant’s objections and entered judgment for plaintiff in the amount of $20,000 plus costs.

Defendant now brings this appeal in which it raises three issues, which we shall address seria-tim.

Defendant first argues that where plaintiff is involved in an accident with an uninsured motorist and notifies defendant insurance company four years later, demanding arbitration to the contract of insurance six years after said accident, and defendant refuses to submit to arbitration, such refusal is proper, plaintiffs cause of action against its insurer having accrued at the time of the accident and thus being barred by the statute of limitations. Plaintiff argues that its cause of action accrued at the time of defendant’s refusal to submit to arbitration, that being defendant’s first refusal to abide by the terms of the contract.

[430]*430There is no question that the applicable statute of limitations is the six-year contract provision, MCL 600.5807; MSA 27A.5807, as established by the case of Detroit Automobile Inter-Ins Exchange v Hafendorfer, 38 Mich App 709; 197 NW2d 155 (1972). The question of when a cause of action accrues is, however, the subject of conflicting opinion. Schimmer v Wolverine Ins Co, 54 Mich App 291; 220 NW2d 772 (1974), holds that plaintiffs cause of action under an insurance policy against the insurer accrues on the date of breach, which in turn is the day on which performance is refused. This case conforms with the cases standing for the general contract principle that a cause of action accrues when a breach of contract occurs.

The narrow question in the instant case seems to have been decided contra in McGuire v Continental Ins Co, 39 Mich App 612; 197 NW2d 846 (1972), where it was held that the cause of action against a plaintiffs insurer accrued on the date of the loss. A later case, Traverse City State Bank v Ranger Ins Co, 72 Mich App 150; 249 NW2d 333 (1976), explained the result in McGuire as being based on the contract language of the insurance policy in McGuire and not on a general principle of law that causes of action under insurance policies "accrue” on the date of the loss. Traverse City Bank held that the parties could determine when a cause of action would accrue, and the decision in that case was based on the contract language. Judge Hoehn concurred, but found no inconsistency between Traverse City Bank and Schimmer. Judge Bashara dissented, reasoning that Schim-mer was applicable and that plaintiff’s cause of action arose when the breach occurred, which was when the insurance company notified plaintiff that it considered plaintiffs claim to be without merit.

[431]*431We find Judge Bashara’s dissent in Traverse City Bank to be the better reasoned view of that case. The majority opinion decided that because the contract language stated that no cause of action could lie against the insurer until 30 days after proof of loss is filed, that a cause of action would necessarily lie after that 30-day period had expired. The Court reasoned that, since that was the first day on which a cause of action could be brought, that was the date on which the statute of limitations began to run.

Fortunately, an application of the reasoning in both opinions yields the same result in the instant case.

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Bluebook (online)
309 N.W.2d 627, 107 Mich. App. 424, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/jacobs-v-detroit-automobile-inter-insurance-exchange-michctapp-1981.