UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 2 DISTRICT OF NEVADA 3
4 Christopher Jackson, 2:24-cv-00884-JAD-MDC 5 Plaintiff(s), REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION TO 6 vs. DENY PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR EXCESSIVE BAIL. ECF NO. 3. 7 Tissa Jackson, et al., AND 8 Defendant(s). 9 ORDER DENYING THE IFP APPLICATION WITHOUT PREJUDICE, 10 WITH LEAVE TO REFILE (ECF NO. 6); DENYING THE MOTION FOR 11 APPOINTMENT OF COUNSEL (ECF NO. 7); AND DIRECTING THE CLERK OF 12 COURT TO REDACT PLAINTIFF’S SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER IN HIS 13 AMENDED COMPLAINT (ECF NO. 8 AT 14). 14
15 Incarcerated pro se plaintiff Christopher Jackson filed (1) a Motion to Reduce Bail; (2) an 16 Application to Proceed In Forma Pauperis (“IFP”); and (3) a Motion for Appointment of Counsel. ECF 17 Nos. 3, 6, and 7. The Court RECOMMENDS DENYING plaintiff’s Motion for Excessive Bail. ECF 18 No. 3. The Court DENIES the IFP application without prejudice, with leave to refile. ECF No. 6. The 19 Court also DENIES the Motion for Appointment of Counsel. ECF No. 7. The Court also sua sponte 20 ORDERS the Clerk of Court to redact plaintiff’s social security number in his Amended Complaint. 21 ECF No. 8 at 14. 22 23 I. Plaintiff’s IFP Application (ECF No. 6) 24 Under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1), a plaintiff may bring a civil action “without prepayment of fees or 25 security thereof” if the plaintiff submits a financial affidavit that demonstrates the plaintiff “is unable to pay such fees or give security therefor.” If the plaintiff is a "prisoner" as defined by 28 U.S.C. § 1915(h), 1 as amended by the Prison Litigation Reform Act ("PLRA"), he remains obligated to pay the entire fee in 2 installments, regardless of whether his action is ultimately dismissed. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1) & (2); 3 4 Taylor v. Delatoore, 281 F.3d 844, 847 (9th Cir. 2002). Under the PLRA, a prisoner seeking leave to 5 proceed IFP must submit a "certified copy of the trust fund account statement (or institutional 6 equivalent) for the prisoner for the six-month period immediately preceding the filing of the complaint." 7 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(2); Andrews v. King, 398 F.3d 1113, 1119 (9th Cir. 2005). From the certified trust 8 account statement, the Court must assess an initial payment of 20% of (a) the average monthly deposits 9 in the account for the past six months, or (b) the average monthly balance in the account for the past six 10 months, whichever is greater, unless the prisoner has no assets. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1); 28 U.S.C. § 11 1915(b)(4). The institution having custody of the prisoner must collect subsequent payments, assessed at 12 20% of the preceding month's income, in any month in which the prisoner's account exceeds $10, and 13 forward those payments to the Court until the entire filing fee is paid. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(2). 14 Plaintiff Jackson is currently incarcerated. Plaintiff’s IFP application is deficient for several 15 reasons. First, while plaintiff submitted the prisoner IFP application, a copy of declaration and the 16 17 financial certificate, neither form is signed by the appropriate official. ECF No. 6 at 3 and 4. Second, 18 plaintiff did not submit a certified copy of the trust fund account statement (or institutional equivalent). 19 Third, plaintiff provides contradictory information. . Plaintiff appears to state that he is unemployed 20 because he won ten million dollars from the Publisher’s Clearing House Sweepstakes. Id. at 1 and 2. 21 Either plaintiff’s statements are not based in reality,1 or he can afford to pay the filing fee. Plaintiff must 22 clarify his financial situation in his new IFP application. Finally, plaintiff did not answer all of the 23 24 1 Plaintiff’s filings raise the possibility that plaintiff either suffers from mental health issues, or he is the 25 victim of a malicious scam, as he discusses the sweepstakes throughout his filings. 2 questions in his IPF application. Plaintiff must answer all questions on the renewed application with 1 detailed explanations about his income and expenses. Plaintiff cannot leave any questions blank or 2 respond that a question is “N/A” without an explanation. The Court thus denies plaintiff’s IFP 3 4 application, with leave to refile one that complies with the PLRA. 5 II. Plaintiff’s Motion to Reduce Bail (ECF No. 3) 6 The Eighth Amendment provides, “[e]xcessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines 7 imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.” U.S. Const. amend. VIII. Bail is excessive under 8 the Eighth Amendment when it is set at a figure higher than an amount reasonably calculated to ensure 9 the asserted governmental interest. United States v. Salerno, 481 U.S. 739, 754 (1987); Stack v. Boyle, 10 342 U.S. 1, 4-6 (1951). 11 When a pretrial detainee challenges a bail determination, the Supreme Court and the Ninth 12 Circuit have held that a writ of habeas corpus is an appropriate remedy. Stack, 342 U.S. 1, 6-7 (1951); 13 Arevalo v. Hennessy, 882 F.3d 763, 767 (9th Cir. 2018) (where pretrial detainee alleged due process 14 violations regarding bail, and Younger2 abstention was not appropriate because detainee properly 15 exhausted state remedies, judgment was reversed and remanded with instructions to grant a conditional 16 17 writ of habeas corpus). Under Nevada law, an accused in custody pending trial may challenge a district 18 court's bail decision by a petition for a writ of habeas corpus. Application of Knast, 96 Nev. 597, (1980) 19 (citing NRS 34.530); State v. Teeter, 65 Nev. 584, 590-91 (1948) (when a pretrial detainee alleges the 20 trial court wrongfully denied bail, “the usual procedure is ... a writ of habeas corpus.”), overruled in part 21 on other grounds by Application of Wheeler, 81 Nev. 495 (1965). 22 Plaintiff’s Complaint3 appears to be styled as a § 1983 action, but the instant Motion for 23 24 2 Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37, 91 S.Ct. 746 (1971). 25 3 As noted, plaintiff included his social security number in his amended complaint. See ECF No. 8 at 14. 3 Excessive Bail requests habeas relief. The requested relief falls within the core of habeas corpus 1 because it challenges the terms or duration of Jackson's confinement. See Wilkinson v. Dotson, 544 U.S. 2 74, 78 (2005) (A prisoner or pretrial detainee in state custody cannot use a § 1983 to challenge “the fact 3 4 or duration of his confinement,” but instead must seek habeas corpus relief or the appropriate state 5 relief.) Specific habeas corpus statutes and remedies clearly apply to his claim.
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 2 DISTRICT OF NEVADA 3
4 Christopher Jackson, 2:24-cv-00884-JAD-MDC 5 Plaintiff(s), REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION TO 6 vs. DENY PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR EXCESSIVE BAIL. ECF NO. 3. 7 Tissa Jackson, et al., AND 8 Defendant(s). 9 ORDER DENYING THE IFP APPLICATION WITHOUT PREJUDICE, 10 WITH LEAVE TO REFILE (ECF NO. 6); DENYING THE MOTION FOR 11 APPOINTMENT OF COUNSEL (ECF NO. 7); AND DIRECTING THE CLERK OF 12 COURT TO REDACT PLAINTIFF’S SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER IN HIS 13 AMENDED COMPLAINT (ECF NO. 8 AT 14). 14
15 Incarcerated pro se plaintiff Christopher Jackson filed (1) a Motion to Reduce Bail; (2) an 16 Application to Proceed In Forma Pauperis (“IFP”); and (3) a Motion for Appointment of Counsel. ECF 17 Nos. 3, 6, and 7. The Court RECOMMENDS DENYING plaintiff’s Motion for Excessive Bail. ECF 18 No. 3. The Court DENIES the IFP application without prejudice, with leave to refile. ECF No. 6. The 19 Court also DENIES the Motion for Appointment of Counsel. ECF No. 7. The Court also sua sponte 20 ORDERS the Clerk of Court to redact plaintiff’s social security number in his Amended Complaint. 21 ECF No. 8 at 14. 22 23 I. Plaintiff’s IFP Application (ECF No. 6) 24 Under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1), a plaintiff may bring a civil action “without prepayment of fees or 25 security thereof” if the plaintiff submits a financial affidavit that demonstrates the plaintiff “is unable to pay such fees or give security therefor.” If the plaintiff is a "prisoner" as defined by 28 U.S.C. § 1915(h), 1 as amended by the Prison Litigation Reform Act ("PLRA"), he remains obligated to pay the entire fee in 2 installments, regardless of whether his action is ultimately dismissed. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1) & (2); 3 4 Taylor v. Delatoore, 281 F.3d 844, 847 (9th Cir. 2002). Under the PLRA, a prisoner seeking leave to 5 proceed IFP must submit a "certified copy of the trust fund account statement (or institutional 6 equivalent) for the prisoner for the six-month period immediately preceding the filing of the complaint." 7 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(2); Andrews v. King, 398 F.3d 1113, 1119 (9th Cir. 2005). From the certified trust 8 account statement, the Court must assess an initial payment of 20% of (a) the average monthly deposits 9 in the account for the past six months, or (b) the average monthly balance in the account for the past six 10 months, whichever is greater, unless the prisoner has no assets. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1); 28 U.S.C. § 11 1915(b)(4). The institution having custody of the prisoner must collect subsequent payments, assessed at 12 20% of the preceding month's income, in any month in which the prisoner's account exceeds $10, and 13 forward those payments to the Court until the entire filing fee is paid. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(2). 14 Plaintiff Jackson is currently incarcerated. Plaintiff’s IFP application is deficient for several 15 reasons. First, while plaintiff submitted the prisoner IFP application, a copy of declaration and the 16 17 financial certificate, neither form is signed by the appropriate official. ECF No. 6 at 3 and 4. Second, 18 plaintiff did not submit a certified copy of the trust fund account statement (or institutional equivalent). 19 Third, plaintiff provides contradictory information. . Plaintiff appears to state that he is unemployed 20 because he won ten million dollars from the Publisher’s Clearing House Sweepstakes. Id. at 1 and 2. 21 Either plaintiff’s statements are not based in reality,1 or he can afford to pay the filing fee. Plaintiff must 22 clarify his financial situation in his new IFP application. Finally, plaintiff did not answer all of the 23 24 1 Plaintiff’s filings raise the possibility that plaintiff either suffers from mental health issues, or he is the 25 victim of a malicious scam, as he discusses the sweepstakes throughout his filings. 2 questions in his IPF application. Plaintiff must answer all questions on the renewed application with 1 detailed explanations about his income and expenses. Plaintiff cannot leave any questions blank or 2 respond that a question is “N/A” without an explanation. The Court thus denies plaintiff’s IFP 3 4 application, with leave to refile one that complies with the PLRA. 5 II. Plaintiff’s Motion to Reduce Bail (ECF No. 3) 6 The Eighth Amendment provides, “[e]xcessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines 7 imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.” U.S. Const. amend. VIII. Bail is excessive under 8 the Eighth Amendment when it is set at a figure higher than an amount reasonably calculated to ensure 9 the asserted governmental interest. United States v. Salerno, 481 U.S. 739, 754 (1987); Stack v. Boyle, 10 342 U.S. 1, 4-6 (1951). 11 When a pretrial detainee challenges a bail determination, the Supreme Court and the Ninth 12 Circuit have held that a writ of habeas corpus is an appropriate remedy. Stack, 342 U.S. 1, 6-7 (1951); 13 Arevalo v. Hennessy, 882 F.3d 763, 767 (9th Cir. 2018) (where pretrial detainee alleged due process 14 violations regarding bail, and Younger2 abstention was not appropriate because detainee properly 15 exhausted state remedies, judgment was reversed and remanded with instructions to grant a conditional 16 17 writ of habeas corpus). Under Nevada law, an accused in custody pending trial may challenge a district 18 court's bail decision by a petition for a writ of habeas corpus. Application of Knast, 96 Nev. 597, (1980) 19 (citing NRS 34.530); State v. Teeter, 65 Nev. 584, 590-91 (1948) (when a pretrial detainee alleges the 20 trial court wrongfully denied bail, “the usual procedure is ... a writ of habeas corpus.”), overruled in part 21 on other grounds by Application of Wheeler, 81 Nev. 495 (1965). 22 Plaintiff’s Complaint3 appears to be styled as a § 1983 action, but the instant Motion for 23 24 2 Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37, 91 S.Ct. 746 (1971). 25 3 As noted, plaintiff included his social security number in his amended complaint. See ECF No. 8 at 14. 3 Excessive Bail requests habeas relief. The requested relief falls within the core of habeas corpus 1 because it challenges the terms or duration of Jackson's confinement. See Wilkinson v. Dotson, 544 U.S. 2 74, 78 (2005) (A prisoner or pretrial detainee in state custody cannot use a § 1983 to challenge “the fact 3 4 or duration of his confinement,” but instead must seek habeas corpus relief or the appropriate state 5 relief.) Specific habeas corpus statutes and remedies clearly apply to his claim. In light of Nevada's 6 available and adequate habeas remedies, Supreme Court precedent clearly provides that § 1983 is not the 7 correct procedural mechanism for Jackson's requested relief. Accordingly, the Court recommends 8 denying plaintiff’s Motion for Excessive Bail. The Court also orders that plaintiff file a notice indicating 9 if he wishes to pursue his civil rights case or if he wants to file a habeas petition. 10 III. Plaintiff’s Motion for Appointment of Counsel (ECF No. 6) 11 A litigant in a civil rights action does not have a Sixth Amendment right to appointed counsel. 12 Storseth v. Spellman, 654 F.2d 1349, 1353 (9th Cir. 1981). The Court may appoint counsel under 28 13 U.S.C. § 1915 only under exceptional circumstances. Terrell v. Brewer, 935 F.2d 1015, 1017 (9th Cir. 14 1991). "A finding of exceptional circumstances requires an evaluation of both the likelihood of success 15 on the merits and the ability of the petitioner to articulate his claims pro se in light of the complexity of 16 17 the legal issues involved. Neither of these factors is dispositive and both must be viewed together before 18 reaching a decision." Id. (citations and internal quotation marks omitted). 19 The Court has reviewed the complaint and filings in this case. As analyzed above, it is not yet 20 clear what type of case plaintiff wishes to pursue as his filings are contradictory. The Court does not find 21 exceptional circumstances that warrant the appointment of counsel of counsel at this time. The Court 22 recognizes, however, there could be changed circumstances in this case once plaintiff clarifies in his 23 notice what type of case he wishes to pursue in this Court. Denial of plaintiff’s Motion for Appointment 24 of Counsel does not preclude plaintiff from renewing his request if circumstances change. 25 4 It is so ORDERED and RECOMMENDED that: 1 1. It is RECOMMENDED that plaintiff Christopher Jackson’s Motion to Reduce Bail (ECF No. 3) 2 be DENIED. 3 4 2. It is ORDERED that by August 5, 2024, plaintiff shall file a notice with the Court indicating 5 whether he: (a) wishes to pursue his § 1983 civil rights complaint (ECF No. 8) or (b) wishes to 6 strike his § 1983 civil rights complaint (ECF No. 8) and pursue a habeas petition in this case. If 7 Plaintiff does not designate one of these options, the Court will dismiss the entire case without 8 prejudice because Plaintiff cannot proceed simultaneously on both his § 1983 claims and seek 9 habeas relief in the same case. 10 3. It is FURTHER ORDERED that plaintiff’s Application to Proceed In Forma Pauperis (ECF No. 11 6) is DENIED without prejudice. 12 4. It is FURTHER ORDERED that by August 5, 2024, plaintiff shall either pay the full filing fee 13 OR file a fully complete IFP application. The IFP application must include: 14 a. A clarification regarding plaintiff’s income, meaning how much money he has access to; 15 b. A completed declaration and financial certificate that is signed by both the inmate and the 16 17 appropriate prison or jail official; and 18 c. A copy of the inmate's trust fund account statement for the previous six-month period. 19 5. It is FURTHER ORDERED that plaintiff’s Motion for Appointment of Counsel (ECF No. 7) is 20 DENIED. 21 6. It is FURTHER ORDERED that failure to timely comply with this Order may result in a 22 recommendation that this case be dismissed with prejudice. 23 24 25 5 7. Itis FURTHER ORDERED that the Clerk of the Court is directed NOT to issue summons. The
5 Court will issue a screening order on the complaint after plaintiff either files a new IFP or pays 3 the filing fee. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2). 4 8. Itis FURTHER ORDERED that the Clerk of the Court is directed to REDACT plaintiff's social 5 security number in his amended complaint. See ECF No. 8 at 14. The Clerk SHALL REDACT 6 the social security number only and include a corrected image in the filing. 7 NOTICE 8 Pursuant to Local Rules IB 3-1 and IB 3-2, a party may object to orders and reports and 9 recommendations issued by the magistrate judge. Objections must be in writing and filed with the Clerk 10 of the Court within fourteen days. LR IB 3-1, 3-2. The Supreme Court has held that the courts of appeal 11 may determine that an appeal has been waived due to the failure to file objections within the specified 12 time. Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 140, 142 (1985). This circuit has also held that (1) failure to file 13 4 objections within the specified time and (2) failure to properly address and brief the objectionable issues
15 waives the right to appeal the District Court's order and/or appeal factual issues from the order of the
16 || District Court. Martinez v. Yist, 951 F.2d 1153, 1157 (9th Cir. 1991); Britt v. Simi Valley United Sch. 17 || Dist., 708 F.2d 452, 454 (9th Cir. 1983). Pursuant to LR JA 3-1, plaintiffs must immediately file written 18 || notification with the court of any change of address. The notification must include proof of service upon 19 || each opposing party’s attorney, or upon the opposing party if the party is unrepresented by counsel. 20 || Failure to comply with this rule may result in dismissal of the action. “p, 21 It is so ordered and recommended. ff . 7 a 22 fe DATED this 9th day of June 2024. if im 23 , iy \ a i af i oe 24 jf Hon. Maximijigno D. GbuviMer III a United Stateb, Magistraye Judge 25