Irvine v. St. Joseph Hospital, Inc.

698 P.2d 442, 102 N.M. 572
CourtNew Mexico Court of Appeals
DecidedOctober 23, 1984
Docket7651, 7713
StatusPublished
Cited by18 cases

This text of 698 P.2d 442 (Irvine v. St. Joseph Hospital, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Mexico Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Irvine v. St. Joseph Hospital, Inc., 698 P.2d 442, 102 N.M. 572 (N.M. Ct. App. 1984).

Opinion

OPINION

WOOD, Judge.

Although plaintiff’s theories for obtaining damages from defendants were variously worded, there is no contention that the theories were other than malpractice claims. See NMSA 1978, § 41-5-3(C) (Repl.Pamp.1982). The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of defendants on the basis that the statute of limitation had run. Plaintiff appeals. All statutory references are to NMSA 1978. Section 41-5-13 provides: “No claim for malpractice ... may be brought against a health care provider unless filed within three years after the date that the act of malpractice occurred * * The issue is the meaning of this statute. We (1) dispose of procedural matters, and (2) decide when the limitation period began to run.

Procedural Matters

(a) Plaintiff received radiation treatments which he alleged ultimately caused a bowel injury. The treatments were received between February 21, 1978, and September 20, 1978. The original complaint was filed November 29,1982. If any act of malpractice occurred, it occurred not later than September 20, 1978. The original complaint was filed more than three years later. Defendants made a prima facie showing that the limitation period had expired; plaintiff does not contend otherwise. The burden was on plaintiff to show there was an issue as to whether the limitation period had not expired when he filed his complaint. Ealy v. Sheppeck, 100 N.M. 250, 669 P.2d 259 (Ct.App.1983).

(b) In the trial court plaintiff claimed that the limitation period had been tolled by fraudulent concealment. See Keithley v. St. Joseph Hospital,, 102 N.M. 565, 698 P.2d 435 (Ct.App.1984). The trial court ruled there was no material issue of fact as to tolling. See Lent v. Employment Security Commission of the State of New Mexico, 99 N.M. 407, 658 P.2d 1134 (Ct.App.1982). Plaintiff does not claim on appeal that there was a material, factual issue as to tolling which would make the summary judgment erroneous.

(c) On appeal, plaintiff contends the trial court applied Section 41-5-13 literally and thus erroneously. This issue, as to the meaning of the statute, was ruled on by the trial court and is the issue decided in this appeal.

(d) On appeal, plaintiff contends that, if we do not adopt one of his suggested meanings of the statute (identified in the next issue), the statute is unconstitutional. See, however, Armijo v. Tandysh, 98 N.M. 181, 646 P.2d 1245 (Ct.App.1981). No such claim was made in the trial court; therefore, it is not subject to review on appeal. NMSA 1978, Civ.App.R. 11 (Repl. Pamp.1984); In re Reilly’s Estate, 63 N.M. 352, 319 P.2d 1069 (1957). Plaintiff recognizes that his constitutional claims are raised for the first time in his appeal but, nevertheless, asserts that the claims should be considered on the basis of fairness. His argument relies on the “fundamental rights” language of Civ.App.Rule 11. Use of the words “fairness” and “fundamental rights” does not change the claim made on appeal. That claim is that, if the limitation period expired before the injury developed or manifested itself, the statute violated either due process or equal protection. Such a claim will not be considered because it was not raised in the trial court. Adoption of Doe, 89 N.M. 606, 555 P.2d 906 (Ct.App.1976).

When the Limitation Period Began to Run

Section 41-5-13, the legislatively-enacted limitation period for medical malpractice claims, provides that the claim must be filed “within three years after the date that the act of malpractice occurred * * *.” The statutory language is not ambiguous. The limitation period began to run from the date of the occurrence of the alleged malpractice. Keithley v. St. Joseph’s Hospital; see also Armijo v. Tandysh; Roybal v. White, 72 N.M. 285, 383 P.2d 250 (1963).

Other limitation statutes provide that the limitation period begins to run from the date of the injury. The limitation period under the Tort Claims Act, Section 41-4-15(A), refers to the date of occurrence resulting in loss, injury or death. Aragon & McCoy v. Albuquerque National Bank, 99 N.M. 420, 424, 659 P.2d 306 (1983), states the “plain language of the statute indicates that the period of limitations began to run when an ‘occurrence resulting in loss’ took place. Until such a loss took place, the statute of limitations could not begin to run.” The limitation period under the Wrongful Death statute, Section 41-2-2, is “three years after the cause of action accrues. The cause of action accrues as of the date of death.” See Stang v. Hertz Corp., 81 N.M. 348, 467 P.2d 14 (1970). The general limitation statutes for personal injury, Sections 37-1-1 and 37-1-8, provide that the action must be filed within three years of the injury. Peralta v. Martinez, 90 N.M. 391, 564 P.2d 194 (Ct.App.1977).

Section 41-5-13 does not contain the “injury” language of Sections 41-4-15(A), 41-2-2 and 37-1-8. Crumpton v. Humana, Inc., 99 N.M. 562, 661 P.2d 54 (1983), recognized this difference.

Although Section 41-5-13 differs from other limitation statutes, plaintiff contends we should hold, as a minimum, that the limitation period of Section 41-5-13 does not begin to run until an injury manifests itself in a physically objective manner and is ascertainable. See Peralta v. Martinez. Plaintiff also contends that we should go further and hold that more than a physically objective and ascertainable injury is required to start the running of Section 41-5-13. Plaintiff would have us hold that the limitation period of Section 41-5-13 does not begin to run until the injury is discovered. An inference from plaintiffs briefs is that the limitation period of Section 41-5-13 should not begin to run until plaintiff knows the cause of a discovered injury.

Inasmuch as Section 41-5-13 is not worded in terms of injury, discovery or cause, on what basis could any one of these terms be included in the meaning of the statute? “[Cjourts are not free to construe unambiguous legislation; they may not read language into a statute that is not there, particularly if it makes sense as written.” Hansman v. Bernalillo County Assessor, 95 N.M. 697, 700, 625 P.2d 1214 (Ct.App.1980). Plaintiff does not contend that Section 41-5-13 is ambiguous; he does not assert that his desired meaning of the statute be achieved by the device of construing an ambiguous statute. Plaintiff would have us adopt one of his suggested meanings of the statute simply by ignoring the statutory wording.

In this paragraph we identify and respond to plaintiffs arguments.

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Bluebook (online)
698 P.2d 442, 102 N.M. 572, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/irvine-v-st-joseph-hospital-inc-nmctapp-1984.