J-A13020-21
2021 PA Super 179
IN THE INTEREST OF: D.C., A : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF MINOR : PENNSYLVANIA : : APPEAL OF: D.C., A MINOR : : : : : No. 1376 EDA 2020
Appeal from the Dispositional Order Entered March 2, 2020 In the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County Juvenile Division at No(s): CP-46-JV-0000952-2019
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., DUBOW, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
OPINION BY DUBOW, J.: FILED SEPTEMBER 3, 2021
Appellant, D.C., appeals from the March 2, 2020 Dispositional Order that
placed then fifteen-year-old Appellant on probation after adjudicating him
delinquent for sexually based offenses against three-year-old Z.P. (“Victim”).
Appellant challenges the trial court’s application of the Tender Years Hearsay
Act, 42 Pa.C.S. § 5985.1, and the sufficiency of the evidence. Upon review,
we affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
The relevant factual and procedural history is as follows. Appellant lived
next door to Victim’s grandmother (“Grandmother”). Victim and her seven-
year-old brother, J.P., often visited Grandmother’s house and played with
Appellant and his sister, A.C., at their house. In June 2019, Victim and J.P.
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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court. J-A13020-21
were staying with Grandmother while their parents were on vacation. On June
15, 2019, Victim spontaneously disclosed to Grandmother that Appellant has
a “big giant ketowee.”1 Trial Ct. Op., filed 9/10/20, at 6. When questioned
by Grandmother, Victim disclosed that Appellant showed her his “ketowee,”
asked her to lick it, and asked if he could lick her “ketowee” and take
something out of it, and she said no. Id. at 6-7. Grandmother called Victim’s
mother (“Mother”) on the telephone and Victim disclosed similar events,
adding that Appellant showed her “ketowee licking videos” and touched her
“ketowee.” Id. at 7. Victim’s grandfather (“Grandfather”) returned home and
Victim reported similar events to Grandfather, adding that Appellant licked her
“ketowee” but she refused to lick his. Id. at 8. Grandfather recorded the
disclosure on his telephone without Victim’s knowledge. Victim’s brother, J.P.,
disclosed to Grandfather that he witnessed Appellant and Victim in Appellant’s
bedroom lying under a blanket and watching videos on Appellant’s phone on
more than one occasion.
Grandmother immediately contacted the Cheltenham Police
Department, who began an investigation into Victim’s allegations, and took
Victim to Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia for an examination. Victim also
participated in two video-taped forensic interviews with Mission Kids.
1 “Ketowee” is the term that Victim’s family uses to refer to a penis or “other
private parts.” N.T., 1/6/20, at 31-32.
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When Mother returned home from vacation, she again spoke with Victim
about Appellant and recorded the conversation. Victim’s disclosures continued
to be consistent.
On December 5, 2019, the District Attorney’s Office filed Written
Allegations and a Petition Alleging Delinquency, which alleged that between
June 1, 2019, and June 15, 2019, Appellant sexually assaulted Victim, and
charged Appellant with Aggravated Indecent Assault of a Victim and related
crimes. Appellant was detained at Montgomery County Youth Center pending
an adjudicatory hearing. On December 24, 2019, the Commonwealth filed a
Motion to Amend the Delinquency Petition (“Motion to Amend”) to include
additional inchoate offenses.
On December 26, 2019, the Commonwealth filed a Motion in Limine to
Introduce Out of Court Statements of the Complainants (“Tender Years
Motion”) seeking to introduce (1) out of court statements made by Victim to
Grandmother, Grandfather, J.P, Mission Kids Forensic Interviewer Crystal
Gray, and Police Officer Kyle J. Turner and (2) out of court statements made
by J.P. to Grandmother, Grandfather, and Ms. Gray pursuant to the Tender
Years Hearsay Act, 42 Pa.C.S. § 5985.1. On January 2, 2020, the
Commonwealth filed an addendum to the Tender Years Motion to include
statements that Victim made to Mother.
On January 6, 2020, Appellant filed a Motion to Determine Competency
of Minor Witness and Request for a Taint Hearing Pursuant to
Commonwealth v. Delbridge, 855 A.2d 27, 39 (Pa. 2003) (“Competency
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Motion” and “Taint Motion,” respectively). On the same day, the trial court
began hearing evidence on the parties’ pre-trial Motions and granted the
Commonwealth’s Motion to Amend in open court. The trial court heard
testimony from Grandmother, Victim, Grandfather, and Mother.
On January 9, 2020, after two days of hearings, the trial court denied
Appellant’s Taint Motion, finding that Victim’s statements were not tainted,
and granted Appellant’s Competency Motion, finding that Victim was
incompetent to testify during the adjudicatory hearing.
Additionally, the trial court made a finding that testifying during the
adjudicatory hearing would cause Victim to suffer serious emotional distress
and granted the Commonwealth’s Tender Years Motion regarding Victim’s
statements to Grandmother, Grandfather, and Mother.2
Beginning on January 16, 2020, the trial court held an adjudicatory
hearing. The trial court incorporated testimony and exhibits from the pre-trial
motion hearings and heard an additional three days of testimony. The
Commonwealth presented testimony from J.P., Ms. Gray, Police Lieutenant
Andrew Snyder, Police Detective Sergeant Rick Shaffer, and Police Detective
2 The Commonwealth conceded that Victim’s statements to law enforcement
and Mission Kids were testimonial in nature and would violate the Confrontation Clause if they were admitted into evidence during the adjudicatory hearing. N.T., 1/9/20, at 97. See Commonwealth v. Allshouse, 36 A.3d 163, 171 (Pa. 2012) (explaining that the Confrontation Clause prohibits out-of-court testimonial statements by a witness unless the witness is unavailable and the defendant had a prior opportunity to cross- examine the witness).
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Ryan Murray. Appellant testified on his own behalf, and presented testimony
from Leigh D. Hagan, Ph.D., expert in forensic child clinical psychology, and
Appellant’s mother and father.
On January 23, 2020, the trial court adjudicated Appellant delinquent of
the following acts: Involuntary Deviate Sexual Intercourse with a Child;
Criminal Solicitation of Involuntary Deviate Sexual Intercourse with a Child;
Indecent Assault of a Person Less than 13 Years of Age, Course of Conduct;
Indecent Assault of a Person Less than 13 Years of Age; Indecent Exposure;
and Open Lewdness.3 The trial court also determined that Appellant was in
need of treatment, supervision, or rehabilitation. The trial court deferred
disposition pending a psychosexual evaluation.
On March 2, 2020, following a dispositional hearing, the court issued an
Order that, inter alia, released Appellant from placement at Montgomery
County Youth Center into the care of his parents, placed Appellant on
probation, and required Appellant to complete a treatment program for sexual
offenders.
On March 9, 2020, Appellant filed a timely Post-Dispositional Motion
raising challenges to the trial court’s denial of the Taint Motion, the trial court’s
grant of the Tender Years Motion, and the sufficiency and weight of the
3 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3123(b), 902(a), 3126(a)(7) and (b)(3)(ii), 3126(a)(7), 3127(a), and 5901, respectively.
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evidence. The Commonwealth filed a Response and on June 15, 2020, the
trial court denied Appellant’s Post-Dispositional Motion.4
Appellant timely appealed. Both Appellant and the trial court complied
with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
ISSUES RAISED ON APPEAL
Appellant raises the following issues for our review:
1. Whether the trial court erred when it ruled that [Victim] was “unavailable” as a witness pursuant to the Tender Years Hearsay [Act] (42 Pa.C.S.[] § 5985.1) because the evidence that could be considered by the trial court did not support a finding of severe emotional distress?
2. Whether the trial court erred when it ruled that the time, content, and circumstances of [Victim]’s hearsay statements to [Grandmother] provided an indicia of reliability sufficient enough to permit their admission into evidence pursuant to the Tender Years Hearsay [Act] (42 Pa.C.S.[] § 5985.1)?
3. Whether the trial court erred when it ruled that the time, content, and circumstances of [Victim]’s hearsay statements to [Grandfather] provided indicia of reliability sufficient enough to permit their admission into evidence pursuant to the Tender Years Hearsay [Act] (42 Pa.C.S.[] § 5985.1)?
4. Whether the trial court erred when it ruled that the time, content, and circumstances of [Victim]’s hearsay statements to [Mother] provided indicia of reliability sufficient enough to permit their admission into evidence pursuant to the Tender Years Hearsay [Act] (42 Pa.C.S.[] § 5985.1)?
5. Whether the trial court erred in denying [Appellant]’s Taint Motion because [Victim]’s youthful fragile mind was tainted by the many conversations and interviews that occurred in her
4 Soon after Appellant filed his Post-Disposition Motion, our Supreme Court extended all time limits and filing deadlines due to the COVID-19 pandemic; all filings were deemed timely if filed by June 15, 2020.
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presence following the time at which the police were called on June 15, 2019?
6. Whether the evidence was insufficient to support the trial court’s adjudication of delinquency as to Count VI, 18 Pa.C.S.[] § 3126(a)(7), a Felony of the Third Degree, because it was not demonstrated beyond a reasonable doubt that there had been a repeated course of conduct of [I]ndecent [A]ssault by [Appellant]?
7. Whether the evidence presented at trial was sufficient to support the trial court’s adjudication of delinquency on all charges because when looking at all of the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, there is a reasonable doubt as to whether or not the alleged sexual assault occurred?
8. Whether the trial court’s adjudication of delinquency as to []all counts was against the weight of the evidence because the trial court abused its discretion in rendering an adjudication of delinquency?
Appellant’s Br. at 5-6.
LEGAL ANALYSIS
Our standard of review of dispositional orders in juvenile proceedings is
well settled. The Juvenile Act grants broad discretion to juvenile courts when
determining an appropriate disposition. In re C.A.G., 89 A.3d 704, 709 (Pa.
Super. 2014). We will not disturb the juvenile court’s disposition absent a
manifest abuse of discretion. In Interest of J.G., 145 A.3d 1179, 1184 (Pa.
Super. 2016).
Tender Years Motion
In his first four issues, Appellant avers that the trial court erred in its
application of the Tender Years Hearsay Act. Appellant’s Br. at 5. Specifically,
Appellant argues that the trial court erred in determining that Victim was
unavailable to testify and by subsequently admitting the Victim’s out-of-court
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statements through the hearsay testimony of Grandmother, Grandfather, and
Mother. Id.
The “[a]dmission of evidence is within the sound discretion of the trial
court and will be reversed only upon a showing that the trial court clearly
abused its discretion.” Commonwealth v. Tyson, 119 A.3d 353, 357 (Pa.
Super. 2015) (en banc) (citations omitted). “Accordingly, a ruling admitting
evidence will not be disturbed on appeal unless that ruling reflects manifest
unreasonableness, or partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill-will, or such lack of
support to be clearly erroneous.” Commonwealth v. Strafford, 194 A.3d
168, 173 (Pa. Super. 2018) (citation omitted).
The Tender Years Hearsay Act creates an exception to the general rule
against hearsay for a statement made by a child who was twelve years old or
younger at the time of the statement. 42 Pa.C.S. § 5985.1(a).5 Relevant to
this appeal, a court may admit a child-victim’s out-of-court statement for the
truth of the matter asserted when (1) “the court finds, in an in camera hearing,
that the evidence is relevant and that the time, content[,] and circumstances
of the statement provide sufficient indicia of reliability;” and (2) the child “is
unavailable as a witness.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 5985.1(a)(1)(i), (ii)(B).
To make a finding that the child is unavailable as a witness, “the court
must determine, based on evidence presented to it, that testimony by the ____________________________________________
5 Effective August 30, 2021, the Tender Years Hearsay Act creates an exception to the general rule against hearsay for a statement made by a child who is sixteen years old or younger at the time of the statement. See 2021 Pa. Legis. Serv. Act 2021-29 (H.B. 156).
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child as a witness will result in the child suffering serious emotional distress
that would substantially impair the child's ability to reasonably communicate.”
42 Pa.C.S. § 5985.1(a.1) (emphasis added). Pursuant to the statute, in
making this finding, the trial court may “[o]bserve and question the child,
either inside or outside the courtroom.” Id. at (a.1)(1). The Court may also
rely on testimony “of a parent or custodian or any other person, such as a
person who has dealt with the child in a medical or therapeutic setting.” Id.
at (a.1)(2). “These possible avenues of inquiry are merely advisory, not
mandatory.” Fidler v. Cunningham-Small, 871 A.2d 231, 237 (Pa. Super.
2005). However, if the court hears testimony, Subsection a.2 provides that
the parties’ attorneys have a right to be present but “if the court observes or
questions the child, the court shall not permit the defendant to be present.”
42 Pa.C.S. § 5985.1(a.2)(1), (2).
Tender Years Motion – Victim Unavailable to Testify
Appellant first claims that the trial court abused its discretion when it
made a finding that Victim was “unavailable” to testify pursuant to the Tender
Years Hearsay Act. Appellant’s Br. at 26. Appellant avers that the following
evidence was insufficient for the trial court to conclude that the victim would
suffer serious emotional distress if she were to testify: (1) Mother’s testimony
that Victim “shuts down” when discussing Appellant in therapy sessions, (2)
the trial court’s finding that Victim was incompetent, and (3) the trial court’s
observations of Victim. Id. at 26, 29-31, 36-37. We disagree and address
each averment seriatim.
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First, Appellant references Mother’s testimony that Victim “shuts down”
and argues this “single phrase, originating from a leading question without
any follow up, or even support from the actual therapist,” was insufficient to
find that Victim would suffer serious emotional distress if required to testify
about this incident. Id. at 30. Our review of the record belies Appellant’s
claim.
During the pre-trial hearing, the trial court heard testimony from Mother
that Victim is engaged in therapy, that the facts of this case are “not at all”
something that Victim wants to talk about, and Mother confirmed that Victim
“shuts down” if “the topic gets anywhere close to [Appellant] and what
happened.” N.T. Motions Hearing, 1/9/20, at 68. In addition, the trial court
heard testimony from Grandmother that Victim is “very sensitive[.]” N.T.
Motions Hearing, 1/6/20, at 55. Finally, during the competency portion of the
hearing, the trial court was able to question and observe Victim directly.
The trial court concluded that Victim “was unavailable to testify as a
witness, pursuant to Section (a)(1) of the [Tender Years Hearsay Act], based
on the serious emotional distress that would impair her ability to communicate
with the court about these events.” Trial Ct. Op. at 18. The trial court
explained that it relied on testimony from Mother and “two other custodians,”
the court’s observations of Victim, and the court’s finding that Victim lacked
competency to testify in reaching its conclusion. N.T. Hearing, 1/9/20, at 104;
Trial Ct. Op. at 18. The trial court did not rely solely on Mother’s testimony;
it simply considered it as one factor out of many when making its
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determination. The record supports the trial court’s findings, and we find no
abuse of discretion.
Appellant next argues that it was improper for the trial court to consider
Victim’s lack of competency in the court’s application of the Tender Years
Hearsay Act, but he does not cite any legal authority in support of his
argument. Appellant’s Br. at 36-37. We acknowledge that “a child's
competency to testify as a witness under Rule 601 is a distinct issue from the
admissibility of a child’s out-of-court statements under the [Tender Years
Hearsay Act].” Commonwealth v. Walter, 93 A.3d 442, 452 (Pa. 2014).
However, as discussed above, the trial court did not rely solely on Victim’s
lack of competency, and simply considered it as one factor out of many when
making its determination. The record supports the trial court’s findings, and
we find no abuse of discretion.
Finally, Appellant argues that the trial court erred when it observed and
questioned Victim with Appellant present in the courtroom. Appellant’s Br. at
33-34. Appellant avers that the plain language of the Tender Years Hearsay
Act mandates that “[i]f the court observes or questions the child, the court
shall not permit the defendant to be present.” Id. at 33 (citing 42 Pa.C.S. §
5985.1(a.2)(2)). Appellant’s counsel contends that Appellant’s presence in
the courtroom likely affected Victim’s testimony and demeanor, and thus, the
trial court rendered a decision based on improper evidence. Id. at 35. This
claim of error is waived.
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It is well settled that “[f]ailure to timely object to a basic and
fundamental error will result in waiver of that issue.” In Interest of A.W.,
187 A.3d 247, 252-53. (Pa. Super. 2018) (citation omitted). This court will
not consider a claim of error when an appellant fails to raise the claim in the
trial court at a time when the error could have been corrected. Id. at 253;
see also Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (“Issues not raised in the trial court are waived and
cannot be raised for the first time on appeal.”). Moreover, issues not included
in an appellant’s Rule 1925(b) Statement are waived. Pa.R.A.P.
1925(b)(4)(vii).
Instantly, the trial court held a hearing to address multiple pre-trial
motions, including a Competency Motion, a Taint Motion, and a Tender Years
Motion. Victim testified with Appellant present in the courtroom and Appellant
failed to object. N.T. Hearing, 1/9/20, at 3-19. Also, Appellant failed to raise
this specific issue in his Rule 1925(b) Statement and the trial court did not
address it. Thus, Appellant has waived review of this claim.
Tender Years Motion – Sufficient Indicia of Reliability in Victim’s
Statements
In his second, third, and fourth issues Appellant avers that there was
not a sufficient indicia of reliability in the statements that Victim made to
Grandmother, Grandfather, and Mother to meet the requirements of 42
Pa.C.S. § 5985.1(a)(1). Appellant’s Br. at 38. Appellant argues that Victim’s
June 15, 2020 statements to Grandmother, Grandfather, and Mother lack a
particularized guarantee of trustworthiness because the Victim made
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inconsistent statements. Id. at 39-42. Appellant asserts that Victim’s June
24, 2020 statements to Mother also lack trustworthiness because Victim’s
brother, J.P., was present and Victim often repeated J.P.’s answers to
questions. Id. at 43-45.
Pursuant to the Tender Years Hearsay Act, a trial court must consider
the totality of the circumstances when determining whether a child’s out-of-
court statement is trustworthy. Commonwealth v. Lyons, 833 A.2d 245,
253 (Pa. Super. 2003). The statute requires “indicia of reliability” which
“include, inter alia, the spontaneity of the statements, consistency in
repetition, the mental state of the declarant, use of terms unexpected in
children of that age, and the lack of a motive to fabricate.” Strafford, 194
A.3d at 173 (citation and internal quotation marks omitted).
The trial court found that Victim’s statements to Grandmother were
spontaneous, that the statements described actions and used terms—namely
licking “ketowee”—that were unexpected from a child Victim’s age, and that
Victim had no motive to fabricate. Trial Ct. Op. at 19. The trial court also
found that Victim’s statements to Grandfather were “matter of fact” and
unprompted, spoken in Victim’s own words, were consistent with Victim’s
disclosures to Grandmother, and that Victim did not have a motive to
fabricate. Id. at 20. Moreover, the court found that Victim’s statements to
Mother on both dates were spontaneous and consistent with other disclosures.
Id. at 20-21. The trial court found that when Victim was making statements
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on both occasions, Mother did not become emotional or reactive, did not ask
leading questions, and did not suggest information to Victim. Id.
The trial court also found that, although Victim was found incompetent
to testify, Victim was competent to perceive the disclosed events and relay
them to family members at the time that they occurred. The trial court
opined:
[Victim]’s disclosures to these three family members were consistent and corroborated by each other. Although the court determined that [V]ictim was not competent to testify in court at the time of the trial, the court explicitly determined that at the time she made the statements in June 2019, [V]ictim was capable of perceiving the events that occurred, accurately remembering them[,] and relating them to others truthfully.
Id. at 21. Our review the record reveals that the trial court engaged in a
proper analysis and found Victim’s statements to be reliable and trustworthy.
The trial court’s findings are supported by the record, and we discern no abuse
of discretion.
Taint Motion
In his fifth issue, Appellant avers that the trial court erred when it denied
Appellant’s taint motion because Victim’s “youthful fragile mind was tainted
by the many conversations and interviews that occurred in her presence.”
Appellant’s Br. at 5-6, 45. We conclude Appellant waived this issue.
“The Rules of Appellate Procedure state unequivocally that each
question an appellant raises is to be supported by discussion and analysis of
pertinent authority.” Commonwealth v. Martz, 232 A.3d 801, 811 (Pa.
Super. 2020) (citation and bracketed language omitted). See Pa.R.A.P. 2119
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(listing argument requirements for appellate briefs). This Court “will not act
as counsel and will not develop arguments on behalf of an appellant.
Moreover, when defects in a brief impede our ability to conduct meaningful
appellate review, we may dismiss the appeal entirely or find certain issues to
be waived.” In re R.D., 44 A.3d 657, 674 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citation
omitted). Appellant’s argument in support of this issue is substantially
underdeveloped. In his Brief, Appellant provides a three-paragraph argument
that fails to cite any relevant legal to support his arguments and fails to
provide citations to the record. This severely hampers our ability to conduct
meaningful appellate review and we are constrained to find this issue waived.
Indecent Assault as a Felony of the Third Degree
In his sixth issue, Appellant avers that the Commonwealth presented
insufficient evidence to support the trial court’s adjudication of delinquency as
to Indecent Assault as a felony of the third degree. Appellant’s Br. at 46.
Appellant concedes that the Commonwealth presented sufficient evidence to
prove the elements of Indecent Assault. Id. at 47. However, Appellant raises
a challenge to the grading of the offense as a felony of the third degree, which
requires proof that there has been a course of conduct of indecent assault.
Id. Appellant argues that the Commonwealth did not provide sufficient
evidence to demonstrate that Appellant engaged in a repeated course of
conduct. Id. at 47-49. Appellant’s claim fails.
It is well settled that when this Court reviews a challenge to the
sufficiency of the evidence, “we must determine whether the evidence
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admitted at trial, as well as all reasonable inferences drawn therefrom, when
viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict winner, are sufficient to
support all the elements of the offense . . . beyond a reasonable doubt.” In
re K.A.T., Jr., 69 A.3d 691, 696 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citation omitted).
Moreover, “[a]ny doubts regarding a defendant’s guilt may be resolved by the
fact-finder unless the evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter
of law no probability of fact may be drawn from the combined circumstances.
The fact-finder is free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence presented
at trial.” Id. (citation omitted).
To prove the crime of indecent assault, the Commonwealth had to prove
beyond a reasonable doubt that Appellant had “indecent contact with the
complainant [or] cause[d] the complainant to have indecent contact with”
Appellant, and that “the complainant is less than 13 years of age[.]” 18
Pa.C.S. § 3126(a)(7). Where indecent assault is graded as a felony of the
third degree, there is an additional element that must be proven beyond a
reasonable doubt: that “[t]here has been a course of conduct of indecent
assault by the person.” Id. at (b)(3)(ii). “Indecent contact” is defined as:
“[a]ny touching of the sexual or other intimate parts of the person for the
purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual desire, in any person.” 18 Pa.C.S. §
3101. This Court has held that the phrase “‘course of conduct’ . . . imposes a
requirement of multiple acts over time.” Commonwealth v. Kelly, 102 A.3d
1025, 1031 (Pa. Super. 2014).
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The trial court made findings that Appellant committed multiple acts of
indecent assault of Victim over time, including in the “ballroom”6 and in
Appellant’s bedroom. Trial Ct. Op. at 26-27. In its Opinion, the trial court
emphasized the testimony that supported these findings:
[Grandmother] testified that [Victim] talked of “yesterdays” when describing what Appellant did to her and Grandmother explained that Victim referred to the past as “yesterday.” One of the “yesterdays” that [Victim] described to [G]randmother was when Appellant was with [Victim] in the “ballroom” of Appellant’s house and her told her she had something in her “ketowee” and he had to take it out. In addition, [Grandfather] testified that when [Victim] was telling him about what happened with Appellant he “got the impression that it was something that was ongoing” and that it happened more than one time. . . . J.P. testified in court that he saw Appellant with [Victim] in Appellant’s bedroom more than one time. Specifically, he recalled seeing them on top of Appellant’s bed more than one time, and seeing them between the bed and windowsill one time.
Id. at 27 (internal citations omitted). The trial court concluded, “[c]ollectively,
this evidence, when viewed in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth,
demonstrated that Appellant had engaged in conduct constituting indecent
assault on more than one occasion.” Id. at 28. We agree. We decline to
reweigh the evidence and, thus, find no abuse of discretion.
6 Victim referred to a room in Appellant’s home that has a foosball table and
a pool table as the “ballroom.” Trial Ct. Op. at 7 n.18.
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Sufficiency of the Evidence
In his seventh issue, Appellant challenges the sufficiency of the
evidence, averring that the evidence was insufficient to support Appellant’s
adjudication of delinquency on all charges. We find this issue to be waived.
Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925(b) provides, inter alia,
that, in a statement of matters complained of on appeal, an appellant “shall
concisely identify each error that the appellant intends to assert with sufficient
detail to identify the issue to be raised for the judge,” and issues that are not
properly raised are deemed waived. Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(ii), (vii). This Court
has repeatedly stated, “[i]n order to preserve a challenge to the sufficiency of
the evidence on appeal, an appellant’s Rule 1925(b) statement must state
with specificity the element or elements [of the challenged offense] upon
which the appellant alleges that the evidence was insufficient.” In Interest
of J.G., 145 A.3d at 1189 (citation omitted). Such specificity is particularly
important in cases where an appellant is convicted of multiple crimes and each
crime contains numerous elements that the Commonwealth must prove
beyond a reasonable doubt. Id.
The court adjudicated Appellant delinquent for six separate crimes, each
of which contained numerous elements. In his Rule 1925(b) Statement,
Appellant failed to specify which elements of which crimes he is challenging
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for lack of sufficient evidence. We conclude Appellant has, thus, waived this
issue.7
Weight of the Evidence
Finally, Appellant raises a challenge to the weight of the evidence. In
his Brief, Appellant asserts that if this Court concludes that the Victim’s
hearsay statements were improperly admitted into evidence, then the verdict
would be against the weight of the evidence. Appellant’s Br. at 50-51.
Appellant’s three-sentence argument is woefully underdeveloped. It is not the
role of this Court to develop an appellant’s argument where the brief provides
mere cursory legal discussion. Commonwealth v. Johnson, 985 A.2d 915,
925 (Pa. 2009). As discussed above, Victim’s hearsay statements were
properly admitted into evidence, which renders Appellant’s argument moot.
Without more, Appellant’s claim fails.
CONCLUSION
In sum, the court did not abuse it its discretion in its application of the
Tender Years Hearsay Act and, thus, the trial court properly admitted Victim’s
7 Likewise, Appellant fails to develop this issue properly in his Brief by again
failing to specify which elements of which crimes he is challenging for lack of sufficient evidence. Accordingly, even if he had preserved this claim, he waived it for lack of development. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a), (b) (requiring a properly developed argument for each question presented including a discussion of and citation to authorities in appellate brief); Commonwealth v. Buterbaugh, 91 A.3d 1247, 1262 (Pa. Super. 2014) (en banc) (stating failure to conform to the Rules of Appellate Procedure results in waiver of the underlying issue).
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hearsay statements into evidence. Moreover, our review of the record in the
light most favorable to the Commonwealth demonstrates that the
Commonwealth presented sufficient evidence to prove Indecent Assault as a
felony of the third degree. We, thus, affirm.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary
Date: 9/3/2021
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