In re: Tia Danielle Smith

• Court: United States Bankruptcy Appellate Panel for the Ninth Circuit
• Decided: February 1, 2018
• Docket: CC-16-1414-FLKu
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

FILED FEB 01 2018 1 NOT FOR PUBLICATION SUSAN M. SPRAUL, CLERK U.S. BKCY. APP. PANEL 2 OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT

3 UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE PANEL OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT 4 5 In re: ) BAP No. CC-16-1414-FLKu ) 6 TIA DANIELLE SMITH, ) Bk. No. 2:16-bk-17692-NB ) 7 Debtor. ) _____________________________ ) 8 ) TIA DANIELLE SMITH, ) 9 ) Appellant, ) 10 ) v. ) MEMORANDUM* 11 ) IH4 PROPERTY WEST LP; KATHY ) 12 A. DOCKERY, Chapter 13 ) Trustee, ) 13 ) Appellees. ) 14 ______________________________) 15 Submitted Without Argument on January 25, 2018 16 Filed – February 1, 2018 17 Appeal from the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California 18 Honorable Neil W. Bason, Bankruptcy Judge, Presiding 19 20 Appearances: Appellant Tia Danielle Smith, pro se, on brief. 21 Before: FARIS, LAFFERTY, and KURTZ, Bankruptcy Judges. 22 23 24 25 26 * This disposition is not appropriate for publication. 27 Although it may be cited for whatever persuasive value it may have, see Fed. R. App. P. 32.1, it has no precedential value, see 28 9th Cir. BAP Rule 8024-1.

1 1 INTRODUCTION 2 Chapter 131 debtor Tia Danielle Smith obtained a state court 3 injunction against creditor IH4 Property West LP’s (“IH4”) 4 enforcement of an unlawful detainer judgment against her. After 5 Ms. Smith filed for bankruptcy protection, IH4 moved to quash the 6 injunction in state court. Although the state court never acted 7 on the motion, Ms. Smith sought damages against IH4 for its 8 alleged violation of the automatic stay. 9 The bankruptcy court denied Ms. Smith’s motion for damages, 10 holding that the automatic stay did not apply to the state court 11 action because Ms. Smith was the plaintiff and the action was not 12 “against” her. The court also ruled that IH4 did not violate the 13 automatic stay because the bankruptcy court had granted limited 14 stay relief to IH4 to defend itself in that state court action. 15 Finally, the bankruptcy court held that IH4’s filing of a motion 16 that was never heard did not inflict any compensable damages on 17 Ms. Smith. 18 Ms. Smith appeals. We AFFIRM. 19 FACTUAL BACKGROUND2 20 This appeal is yet another phase of Ms. Smith’s extended 21 1 22 Unless specified otherwise, all chapter and section references are to the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101-1532, all 23 “Rule” references are to the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure, and all “Civil Rule” references are to the Federal 24 Rules of Civil Procedure. 25 2 We granted Ms. Smith’s request that we waive the 26 requirement that she file an appendix containing her excerpts of record. We exercise our discretion to review the documents on 27 the bankruptcy court’s electronic docket, as appropriate. See Woods & Erickson, LLP v. Leonard (In re AVI, Inc.), 389 B.R. 721, 28 725 n.2 (9th Cir. BAP 2008).

2 1 campaign to block the foreclosure of a deed of trust on her 2 property. The procedural history is complex, mostly because 3 Ms. Smith is a prolific and determined litigant despite repeated 4 and comprehensive losses, but also because her adversary, IH4, 5 was less diligent than she. 6 In December 2006, Ms. Smith borrowed $556,000 secured by a 7 deed of trust on her residence in Los Angeles. Ms. Smith 8 defaulted in making payments under the loan a year later. After 9 several workout and loan modification attempts failed, the 10 trustee under the deed of trust recorded a notice of sale in May 11 2011. Smith v. Am. Mortg. Network, Case No. B252585, 2015 WL 12 2438819 (Cal. App. 2d Dist. May 21, 2015) (“Smith I”). 13 In July 2011, Ms. Smith commenced Smith I in California 14 superior court. Her basic argument was that the foreclosing 15 lender failed to prove that it owned the loan and deed of trust. 16 The superior court dismissed the action, and Ms. Smith appealed. 17 Ms. Smith unsuccessfully sought an injunction against the 18 trustee’s sale. In November 2011, the then-servicer of the loan 19 bought the property in a nonjudicial foreclosure sale and 20 recorded a trustee’s deed upon sale. The servicer transferred 21 the property to IH4 in April 2014 by quitclaim deed. 22 Despite her defeat in Smith I, Ms. Smith then filed another 23 suit challenging the foreclosure in the superior court of 24 California against IH4 and others (“Smith II”). Her position in 25 Smith II was the same as the one the court rejected in Smith I: 26 the foreclosing lender had not proven its ownership of the loan 27 and deed of trust. 28 Shortly thereafter, IH4 filed an unlawful detainer action in

3 1 superior court against Ms. Smith and her tenants (“Unlawful 2 Detainer Action”). A jury found in favor of IH4, and the 3 superior court entered judgment (“Unlawful Detainer Judgment”). 4 On March 4, 2015, the superior court issued a writ of possession 5 in favor of IH4. 6 IH4’s victory was short-lived. Ms. Smith asked the superior 7 court in Smith II for a temporary restraining order (“TRO”) 8 staying enforcement of the Unlawful Detainer Judgment. 9 Inexplicably, IH4 did not oppose this request, and the superior 10 court granted it on March 17. The superior court in the Unlawful 11 Detainer Action granted Ms. Smith’s ex parte request to recall 12 and quash the March 4 writ of possession until the court in 13 Smith II lifted the TRO. 14 But then Ms. Smith suffered a series of setbacks. In May 15 2015, the California Court of Appeals affirmed the dismissal of 16 Smith I.3 In May 2016, the appellate division of the superior 17 court affirmed the Unlawful Detainer Judgment.4 During the same 18 month, the superior court dismissed Smith II, based on the 19 preclusive effect of the Smith I judgment, and vacated the TRO. 20 IH4 submitted another application for a writ of possession in the 21 Unlawful Detainer Action. 22 Undaunted, Ms. Smith fought back. On May 24, she filed in 23 Smith II a motion to set aside the order vacating the TRO 24 3 The United States Supreme Court later denied Ms. Smith’s 25 petition for a writ of certiorari. 136 S. Ct. 810 (2016). 26 4 The California appellate court denied Ms. Smith’s appeal 27 of the Unlawful Detainer Judgment on June 20, 2016. In August 2016, the Supreme Court of California denied Ms. Smith’s petition 28 for writ of mandate.

4 1 (“Motion to Reinstate TRO”), claiming that IH4 had failed 2 properly to serve her with its motion to vacate the TRO. 3 On June 9, 2016, before the superior court acted on IH4’s 4 application for a writ of possession in the Unlawful Detainer 5 Action or on Ms. Smith’s Motion to Reinstate TRO in Smith II, 6 Ms. Smith filed a chapter 13 petition. 7 On June 23, Ms. Smith filed an emergency motion in the 8 bankruptcy court to enforce the automatic stay against IH4 and 9 the superior court. The bankruptcy court denied that motion 10 without prejudice. In denying Ms. Smith’s request to shorten 11 time to hear the motion, the bankruptcy court stated in part: 12 (1) There is no showing of any imminent or ongoing violation of the automatic stay, either by the Los 13 Angeles Superior Court (the “Superior Court”) or by IH4 Property West LP. To the contrary, it seems from the 14 last exhibit to the debtor’s motion (dkt. 8, the “Motion”) that the Superior Court has expressly 15 recognized that the automatic stay appears to apply, presumably based on the same interpretation of 16 In re Perl, 811 F.3d 1120 (9th Cir. 2016), as the debtor. (The debtor herself might want the Superior 17 Court to proceed, because it seems that the debtor is the one who wants relief from orders of the Superior 18 Court that were issued before this bankruptcy case was filed; but if that is so then the debtor herself would 19 need to request relief from the automatic stay for that purpose.) 20 21 (Emphasis added.) (As we shall see, the bankruptcy court later 22 corrected its last comment.) 23 On June 27, the superior court issued a writ of possession 24 in the Unlawful Detainer Action. At this point, no party had 25 obtained relief from the automatic stay. As a result (and as IH4 26 conceded), the writ was void. 27 On the same day, Ms. Smith filed an emergency motion for 28 limited relief from the automatic stay. She requested that the

5 1 bankruptcy court lift the automatic stay to allow her to pursue 2 various state court actions, including Smith II, but maintain the 3 stay against IH4 and other creditors. 4 On June 28, the bankruptcy court granted temporary stay 5 relief and set the matter for hearing on July 5 (“Order Granting 6 Debtor’s Motion for Stay Relief”). The court ordered, in 7 relevant part: 8 b. In Los Angeles Superior Court case no. BC553608 (the “Smith II Action”), the Superior Court is not 9 stayed from issuing its decision with respect to the debtor’s ex parte application for an order to vacate 10 the May 17, 2016 order dissolving the March 17, 2015 order re: preliminary injunction; and all parties in 11 interest may file any responsive papers . . . . 12 (Emphasis added.) 13 On June 30, Ms. Smith requested that the Smith II court 14 issue its decision on her Motion to Reinstate TRO. Surprisingly, 15 IH4 did not appear at the hearing on the Motion to Reinstate TRO. 16 The superior court found that IH4 had failed to serve proper 17 notice on Ms. Smith of the hearing on IH4’s motion to vacate the 18 TRO and issued an order reinstating the TRO (“Order Reinstating 19 TRO”). 20 With the TRO reestablished in Smith II, Ms. Smith filed in 21 the bankruptcy court a second motion for relief from the 22 automatic stay. She sought permission to attack the writ of 23 possession in the Unlawful Detainer Action. In response, IH4 24 conceded that the writ of possession was void because the 25 superior court issued it postpetition. The bankruptcy court 26 denied the motion as to IH4 as moot, stating: “IH4 has conceded 27 . . . that ‘[t]he writ of execution to which Debtor refers is of 28 no legal effect, and IH4 acknowledges that fact[.]’”

6 1 On August 22, 2016, IH4 filed its own motion for relief from 2 the automatic stay. IH4 argued (among other things) that the 3 automatic stay did not apply to the property, because Ms. Smith 4 had no interest in the property on the petition date. IH4 5 further acknowledged that the June 27 writ of possession issued 6 postpetition was void. It represented that, once stay relief was 7 granted, it would seek to set aside the TRO and seek a new writ 8 of possession. 9 While IH4’s motion for relief from the automatic stay was 10 pending in the bankruptcy court, IH4 (represented by different 11 counsel) filed in Smith II a motion to set aside the TRO (“Motion 12 to Set Aside TRO”). IH4’s bankruptcy counsel subsequently 13 persuaded IH4’s state court counsel to take the hearing off 14 calendar “simply as a courtesy and to eliminate the appearance 15 that IH4 was doing what [counsel] had said it would not do until 16 after relief from stay was granted.” 17 When responding to IH4’s motion for relief from the 18 automatic stay, Ms. Smith argued that IH4 had violated the 19 automatic stay by filing the Motion to Set Aside TRO in Smith II. 20 The bankruptcy court granted IH4’s motion for stay relief on 21 September 15, 2016. It rejected Ms. Smith’s contention that IH4 22 violated the automatic stay when it filed its Motion to Set Aide 23 TRO. It stated that it had assumed “that the automatic stay 24 applies in the various nonbankruptcy actions. But in fact it 25 might not apply for various reasons. For example, actions 26 against the debtor generally are stayed but actions by the debtor 27 (including all counterclaims within that action) generally are 28 not.”

7 1 Shortly thereafter, Ms. Smith filed a motion for damages 2 arising from violation of the automatic stay (“Motion for 3 Damages”), which is the subject of this appeal. She argued that 4 IH4 violated the automatic stay when it filed the Motion to Set 5 Aside TRO in Smith II while IH4’s motion for relief from the 6 automatic stay was pending in the bankruptcy court.5 She sought 7 damages for emotional distress, a finding of contempt against 8 IH4, and imposition of punitive damages. 9 The bankruptcy court denied the Motion for Damages (“Damages 10 Order”). The bankruptcy court ruled that (1) Ms. Smith did not 11 establish that IH4 had violated the automatic stay because the 12 alleged violation occurred in an action commenced by the debtor; 13 (2) IH4’s Motion to Set Aside TRO was within the scope of the 14 stay relief that the bankruptcy court had previously granted; and 15 (3) even if IH4 violated the automatic stay, Ms. Smith did not 16 suffer any compensable injury, because the only violation was the 17 setting of a hearing that IH4 subsequently took off calendar. 18 Ms. Smith filed a motion for reconsideration of the court’s 19 Damages Order. The bankruptcy court denied the motion for 20 reconsideration (“Reconsideration Order”), stating: 21 The automatic stay in the debtor’s bankruptcy case might not have applied at all (as discussed on the 22 record and addressed in the filed papers), but to the extent it did apply it was lifted for IH4 to pursue 23 all of its State Court remedies, including, but not limited to, either issuance of a new writ of 24 possession (if required) or enforcement of its existing writ of possession, if the State Court chose 25 to permit IH4 to proceed under that writ (which it 26 5 27 Ms. Smith also argued that the superior court in Smith II violated the automatic stay when it denied her motion for a new 28 trial. She has abandoned this argument on appeal.

8 1 might well have done, because the debtor has appeared and the State Court has held hearings, so presumably 2 she cannot deny any longer that she has had notice of IH4’s request for a writ of possession and an 3 opportunity to be heard). If there is any wrongdoing on the part of IH4 with regard to that writ of 4 possession, it is a matter for the State Court to address, not this Bankruptcy Court. 5 6 Ms. Smith timely filed a notice of appeal from the Damages 7 Order and Reconsideration Order. 8 JURISDICTION 9 The bankruptcy court had jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 10 §§ 1334 and 157(b)(1). We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. 11 § 158. 12 ISSUE 13 Whether the bankruptcy court erred in determining that IH4 14 did not violate the automatic stay by filing the Motion to Set 15 Aside TRO. 16 STANDARDS OF REVIEW 17 We review de novo questions of law, including the bankruptcy 18 court’s determination as to whether a creditor has violated the 19 automatic stay. Palm v. Klapperman (In re Cady), 266 B.R. 172, 20 178 (9th Cir. BAP 2001), aff’d, 315 F.3d 1121 (9th Cir. 2003); 21 Advanced Ribbons & Office Prods., Inc. v. U.S. Interstate 22 Distrib., Inc. (In re Advanced Ribbons & Office Prods., Inc.), 23 125 B.R. 259, 262 (9th Cir. BAP 1991) (the scope of the automatic 24 stay under § 362(a)(6) is “a legal issue which we review de 25 novo”). “De novo review requires that we consider a matter anew, 26 as if no decision had been made previously.” Francis v. Wallace 27 (In re Francis), 505 B.R. 914, 917 (9th Cir. BAP 2014). 28 “A bankruptcy court’s decision to deny a motion for

9 1 additional findings, reconsideration or an amended order or 2 judgment is reviewed for abuse of discretion.” Marciano v. Fahs 3 (In re Marciano), 459 B.R. 27, 35 (9th Cir. BAP 2011), aff’d, 4 708 F.3d 1123 (9th Cir. 2013). To determine whether the 5 bankruptcy court has abused its discretion, we conduct a two-step 6 inquiry: (1) we review de novo whether the bankruptcy court 7 “identified the correct legal rule to apply to the relief 8 requested” and (2) if it did, whether the bankruptcy court’s 9 application of the legal standard was illogical, implausible, or 10 without support in inferences that may be drawn from the facts in 11 the record. United States v. Hinkson, 585 F.3d 1247, 1262–63 & 12 n.21 (9th Cir. 2009) (en banc). 13 DISCUSSION 14 A. The bankruptcy court did not err in denying the Motion for Damages. 15 16 Ms. Smith argues that IH4 violated the automatic stay when 17 it filed the Motion to Set Aside TRO. We disagree. 18 Once a debtor files for bankruptcy protection, § 362(a) acts 19 to stay certain actions against the debtor and the bankruptcy 20 estate. The stay is broad but not unlimited. Among other 21 things, the automatic stay bars “the commencement or continuation 22 . . . of a judicial . . . action or proceeding against the debtor 23 that was or could have been commenced before the commencement of 24 the [bankruptcy] case . . . .” § 362(a)(1) (emphasis added). 25 The narrow question in this appeal is whether the automatic 26 stay applied to Smith II such that IH4’s postpetition motion 27 violated the stay. We agree with the bankruptcy court that the 28 stay was inapplicable.

10 1 1. The automatic stay was not applicable to Smith II, which was an action initiated by a debtor. 2 3 By its terms, § 362(a)(1) applies to an action against a 4 debtor. The stay does not apply to actions commenced by the 5 debtor against a third party. See Lehman Commercial Paper, Inc. 6 v. Palmdale Hills Prop., LLC (In re Palmdale Hills Prop., LLC), 7 423 B.R. 655, 663 (9th Cir. BAP 2009), aff’d, 654 F.3d 868 (9th 8 Cir. 2011) (“the automatic stay has been found inapplicable to 9 lawsuits initiated by the debtor”); Eisinger v. Way (In re Way), 10 229 B.R. 11, 13 (9th Cir. BAP 1998) (“The primary purposes of 11 § 362 do not apply, however, to offensive actions by a debtor or 12 bankruptcy trustee, as the same policy considerations do not 13 exist where the debtor has initiated a prepetition lawsuit 14 against a creditor.”). 15 In Gordon v. Whitmore (In re Merrick), 175 B.R. 333 (9th 16 Cir. BAP 1994), we considered whether defendants violated the 17 automatic stay by continuing to defend themselves in the state 18 court against the debtors’ prepetition fraud action, including 19 obtaining summary judgment postpetition. We examined the 20 language of § 362(a) and concluded that the automatic stay 21 applied only to actions that are initiated “against” a debtor: 22 It is most unlikely that a contention by a defendant that the trustee’s claim is unfounded can be equated 23 with exercising dominion or control over property of the estate. . . . Thus, the operative subsections in 24 the case at hand, (a)(1) and (a)(3), contemplate actions “against” the debtor and not “concerning” the 25 debtor, which is much broader. 26 The automatic stay gives the debtor a breathing spell from his creditors and allows the trustee to 27 marshall assets of the estate for the benefit of creditors. While restraint of a defendant in a suit 28 subject to prosecution by the estate arguably could

11 1 contribute to an orderly processing of estate assets, we could find no case that supports the proposition 2 that the automatic stay prevents a defendant from continuing to defend against a pre-bankruptcy lawsuit. 3 To the contrary, there is substantial authority that the stay is inapplicable to postpetition defensive 4 action in a prepetition suit brought by the debtor. 5 175 B.R. at 336 (emphases added) (internal citations omitted). 6 We cited the Seventh Circuit’s unequivocal language permitting a 7 defendant to defend himself against a prepetition lawsuit: 8 The fundamental purpose of bankruptcy, from the creditors’ standpoint, is to prevent creditors from 9 trying to steal a march on each other, In re Holtkamp, 669 F.2d 505, 508 (7th Cir. 1982), and the automatic 10 stay is essential to accomplishing this purpose. There is, in contrast, no policy of preventing persons whom 11 the bankrupt has sued from protecting their legal rights. 12 13 Id. at 337 (emphasis added) (quoting Martin–Trigona v. Champion 14 Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass’n, 892 F.2d 575, 577 (7th Cir. 1989)). We 15 concluded that “[t]he automatic stay should not tie the hands of 16 a defendant while the plaintiff debtor is given free rein to 17 litigate.” Id. at 338. 18 In the present case, the issue is whether IH4’s Motion to 19 Set Aside TRO filed postpetition in Smith II violated the 20 automatic stay. As the bankruptcy court correctly stated, 21 Smith II is a quiet title action that Ms. Smith instituted 22 against IH4. It is not an action “against” Ms. Smith or the 23 estate’s property, so IH4’s efforts to defeat Ms. Smith in that 24 action did not violate the automatic stay.6 See Parker v. Bain, 25 6 26 One might argue that IH4’s goal was to evict Ms. Smith from the property, and that any step it took toward that 27 objective (such as its Motion to Set Aside TRO) was an “act to obtain possession of property of the estate” under § 362(a)(3). 28 (continued...)

12 1 68 F.3d 1131, 1135-36 (9th Cir. 1995) (the automatic stay applies 2 only to actions “originally brought” against the debtor); 3 In re Merrick, 175 B.R. at 336. 4 Ms. Smith argues that the bankruptcy court, the superior 5 court, and IH4 acknowledged that the automatic stay applied in 6 Smith II and that she relied on those representations. It is 7 true that IH4 initially conceded – incorrectly – that the stay 8 applied to Smith II, and that the bankruptcy court suggested the 9 same. Similarly, the superior court suspended the hearing on 10 Ms. Smith’s May 2016 Motion to Reinstate TRO in Smith II when 11 Ms. Smith filed her chapter 13 petition, implying that the 12 automatic stay applied. But the automatic stay is a creature of 13 statute. A party’s incorrect statements, a state court’s 14 decisions,7 or a bankruptcy court’s tentative views8 cannot 15 expand its scope. 16 17 6 (...continued) 18 But because the foreclosure had been completed prepetition, the estate had no ownership interest in the Property. 19 7 A state court’s erroneous interpretation of the automatic 20 stay is void. “Any state court modification of the automatic stay would constitute an unauthorized infringement upon the 21 bankruptcy court’s jurisdiction to enforce the stay.” Gruntz v. 22 Cty. of L.A. (In re Gruntz), 202 F.3d 1074, 1082 (9th Cir. 2000). Thus, the superior court’s belief as to whether the automatic 23 stay prevented it from ruling on matters in Smith II is not dispositive. 24 8 The bankruptcy court clarified (in its order granting 25 IH4’s motion for stay relief and the Damages Order) that the 26 automatic stay may not have applied at all and that it was only assuming – without deciding - that the automatic stay applied to 27 Smith II. The bankruptcy court never unequivocally ruled that the automatic stay applied to Smith II, and the court was free to 28 clarify any ambiguity in its comments in subsequent rulings.

13 1 2. Alternatively, the Motion to Set Aside TRO fell within the court’s grant of limited stay relief. 2 3 The bankruptcy court ruled that, even if the automatic stay 4 applied to Smith II, IH4’s Motion to Set Aside TRO was within the 5 scope of the stay relief that the bankruptcy court had granted in 6 the Order Granting Debtor’s Motion for Stay Relief. We find no 7 abuse of discretion. 8 In its Order Granting Debtor’s Motion for Stay Relief, the 9 bankruptcy court ruled that the superior court could decide 10 Ms. Smith’s Motion to Reinstate TRO and explicitly stated that 11 “all parties in interest may file any responsive papers . . . .” 12 The bankruptcy court ruled that the Motion to Set Aside TRO was a 13 “responsive paper.” It stated that the motion “directly responds 14 to the debtor’s ex parte application and is certainly a 15 ‘responsive pleading’ [sic] addressed by this court’s order 16 granting relief from stay . . . .” 17 On appeal, Ms. Smith argues that the Motion to Set Aside TRO 18 was not “responsive” within the meaning of the bankruptcy court’s 19 order. But the bankruptcy court had the power to interpret and 20 clarify its own orders. See Wilshire Courtyard v. Cal. Franchise 21 Tax Bd. (In re Wilshire Courtyard), 729 F.3d 1279, 1289 (9th Cir. 22 2013) (noting that “it is well recognized that a bankruptcy court 23 has the power to interpret and enforce its own orders”); Rosales 24 v. Wallace (In re Wallace), 490 B.R. 898, 906 (9th Cir. BAP 2013) 25 (“We accord substantial deference to the bankruptcy court’s 26 interpretation of its own orders and will not overturn that 27 interpretation unless we are convinced it amounts to an abuse of 28 discretion.” (citing In re Marciano, 459 B.R. at 35)). The

14 1 bankruptcy court accurately observed that IH4’s motion contested 2 the substance of Ms. Smith’s attempt to reinstate the TRO. We 3 hold that the bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion in 4 clarifying that stay relief applied to the Motion to Set Aside 5 TRO. 6 3. We need not reach the issue of Ms. Smith’s damages. 7 Ms. Smith requested that the bankruptcy court sanction IH4 8 and award her damages for the physical and emotional distress 9 that she suffered. As we explain above, IH4 did not violate the 10 automatic stay, so we need not consider whether the bankruptcy 11 court erred in denying Ms. Smith’s request for damages. 12 B. The bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion for reconsideration. 13 14 Ms. Smith also appeals from the Reconsideration Order. The 15 bankruptcy court held that Ms. Smith did not offer any newly 16 discovered evidence and that the issues presented were matters 17 better determined by the state court. We agree. 18 We examine Ms. Smith’s arguments under Civil Rule 59, made 19 applicable in bankruptcy through Rule 9023. See Am. Ironworks & 20 Erectors, Inc. v. N. Am. Constr. Corp., 248 F.3d 892, 898-99 (9th 21 Cir. 2001) (“A ‘motion for reconsideration’ is treated as a 22 motion to alter or amend judgment under Federal Rule of Civil 23 Procedure 59(e) if it is filed within [fourteen] days of entry of 24 judgment. Otherwise, it is treated as a [Civil] Rule 60(b) 25 motion for relief from a judgment or order.” (citation 26 27 28

15 1 omitted)).9 “[A] motion for reconsideration should not be 2 granted, absent highly unusual circumstances, unless the district 3 court is presented with newly discovered evidence, committed 4 clear error, or if there is an intervening change in the 5 controlling law.” Kona Enters., Inc. v. Estate of Bishop, 6 229 F.3d 877, 890 (9th Cir. 2000) (quoting 389 Orange St. 7 Partners v. Arnold, 179 F.3d 656, 665 (9th Cir. 1999)). 8 The motion for reconsideration largely focused on IH4’s 9 alleged bad faith (as argued in a motion to dismiss that is not 10 the subject of this appeal), and not on the alleged automatic 11 stay violations. The only argument even tangentially related to 12 the automatic stay is Ms. Smith’s contention that the Los Angeles 13 Sheriff’s Department served her with a notice to vacate the 14 Property based on the writ of possession that the superior court 15 issued postpetition in violation of the automatic stay. But 16 Ms. Smith fails to address the bankruptcy court’s reasoning in 17 the Damages Order. Moreover, as the bankruptcy court held in its 18 Reconsideration Order, her contention that the writ of possession 19 was invalid is an issue for the superior court, not the 20 bankruptcy court.10 Accordingly, the bankruptcy court did not 21 22 9 The bankruptcy court issued the Damages Order on 23 October 17, 2016, and Ms. Smith filed the motion for reconsideration on October 28 and her supplemental brief on 24 November 7. 25 10 Ms. Smith implies that the Sheriff’s Department violated 26 the automatic stay. She is wrong. First, the automatic stay was not in effect when the Sheriff’s Department served Ms. Smith with 27 the notice to vacate on November 1, 2016. Second, the service of the notice to vacate on November 1 cannot retroactively turn the 28 August 30 Motion to Set Aside TRO into a stay violation.

16 1 abuse its discretion in denying the motion for reconsideration. 2 CONCLUSION 3 The bankruptcy court did not err. We AFFIRM both the 4 Damages Order and the Reconsideration Order. 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28