In Re Terry

323 N.E.2d 192, 262 Ind. 667, 1975 Ind. LEXIS 251
CourtIndiana Supreme Court
DecidedFebruary 20, 1975
Docket374S68
StatusPublished
Cited by26 cases

This text of 323 N.E.2d 192 (In Re Terry) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Indiana Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
In Re Terry, 323 N.E.2d 192, 262 Ind. 667, 1975 Ind. LEXIS 251 (Ind. 1975).

Opinions

Hunter, J.

This is a disciplinary proceeding initiated by the Disciplinary Commission against respondent Lendall B. Terry in his capacity as a judicial officer and as a member of the bar. The verified complaint of the Disciplinary Commission alleged that certain conduct of the respondent violated the Code of Judicial Conduct and Ethics, the Code of Professional Responsibility, the Oath of Attorneys (Admission and Discipline Rule 22), and the Judicial Oath for Ripley County Circuit Court. A hearing officer was appointed to hear evidence in this matter.1

[669]*669Respondent requested a public hearing which was conducted over a period of four and one-half days. After hearing and observing the witnesses presented by the Disciplinary Commission and by the respondent, the hearing officer filed his Findings of Fact and Conclusions. These Findings and Conclusions were generally adverse to the respondent. Respondent then filed his Petition for Review of Hearing Officer’s Findings and Conclusions.

Respondent’s petition, upon which this Court heard oral argument, frames three issues for review:

I. Whether the Supreme Court of Indiana is without jurisdiction to discipline respondent in his capacity as a circuit judge, except as provided by Article 7, section 13 of the Indiana Constitution.
II. Whether the Disciplinary Commission is without authority to bring a disciplinary action against a circuit judge.
III. Whether there is sufficient evidence to support the findings of the hearing officer.

I.

Respondent’s jurisdictional attack is based upon the misconception that this is an action for removal (impeachment) pursuant to section 13 of Article 7 of the Indiana Constitution, rather than an action for discipline pursuant to section 4 of the same Article. Since we have recently written at length upon the relationship of these sections to the disciplining of all judges, including those of the circuit court, it is sufficient to note that the findings of the hearing officer in this matter correctly identify the jurisdictional base as section 4 of Article 7. For the reasons stated in In Re Evrard (1974), Ind., 317 N.E.2d 841, this matter is properly before this Court.

II.

[670]*670[669]*669An analysis of respondent’s contention that the Disciplinary Commission lacked authority to maintain this action begins [670]*670with the constitutional cornerstone of Article 7, section 4. Section 4 invests this Court with original jurisdiction in matters of “. . . discipline, removal and retirement of justices and judges....” (Emphasis added.) In the exercise of this jurisdiction, respondent does not suggest any constitutional, statutory, or other legal basis which prohibits this Court from placing upon the Disciplinary Commission the task of investigating and prosecuting disciplinary actions involving judicial officers. Indeed, the interest of the public in the efficient resolution of disciplinary matters, as well as requirements of fundamental fairness for the respondent, suggest the propriety of delegating those functions to an independent body.

III.

On review of the evidence presented, we conclude that the findings of the hearing officer are supported by sufficient evidence.2 While those findings relate to respondent’s conduct as a judicial officer and as a member of the bar, we review the evidence herein only as it sustains [671]*671the hearing officer’s conclusion that respondent violated Rules 1, 2, 3, 8 and 10 of the Code of Judicial Conduct and Ethics.* *3

Before reviewing the evidence, it is helpful to briefly sketch the development of the rules which govern the conduct of the judiciary. Rules of judicial conduct inhere in the unique role which society assigns to the judicial officer. That role requires unblemished behavior both on and off the bench. As stated by Chief Judge John S. Hastings, United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit:

“The assumption of office by a judge casts upon him a standard of personal conduct higher than that charged to [672]*672most of his neighbors. His actions are subject to the criticism of the litigants, their relatives, friends and associates; their lawyers and the bar associations to which they belong; the legislative branches of the government which created certain parts of the judiciary; the communications media; his fellow judges and the general public.”4

The standards of judicial conduct have not always been formalized in codes such as our Code of Judicial Conduct and Ethics. Nor have formal disciplinary mechanisms, such as the one employed in this proceeding, long existed. Nevertheless, an informal code of judicial responsibility has long governed the actions of the bench. The enforcement of any unwritten code necessarily depends largely upon judicial self-restraint, but the factors mentioned by Chief Judge Hastings would, undoubtedly, come into play at some point to temper the behavior of errant judges.

Judicial ethics have been increasingly formalized during the twentieth century. This formalization is in part attributable to intensified public interest in the efficient and orderly administration of justice. At the same time, the recent expansion of due process rights of an accused has given impetus to formalization. In 1921, the late Benjamin Cardozo, Justice of the United States Supreme Court, implicitly recognized the centrality of such a code to the judicial process. Justice Cardozo stated that a judge “ought ... in order to escape the dangers of arbitrary action, to disengage himself, so far as possible, of every influence that is personal. . . .” B. Cardozo, The Nature of the Judicial Process, 120-21, (1928). In 1924, a committee of the American Bar Association, chaired by William Howard Taft, adopted the first Canons of Judicial Ethics. In November, 1970, the people of this state approved the new Judicial Article to the Indiana Constitution. In so doing the citizens of Indiana squarely placed the responsibility for disciplining judges upon this Court. Pursuant to this [673]*673mandate, we adopted on March 8, 1971, the Code of Judicial Conduct and Ethics under which respondent is charged.5

Rule 1. Avoidance of Impropriety

Rule 1 provides:

A judge’s official conduct should be free from impropriety and the appearance of impropriety; he should avoid infractions of law; and in his personal behavior, not only upon the Bench and in the performance of judicial duties, but also in his everyday life, he should strive to be beyond reproach.

In the summer of 1973, respondent visited the residence of a Ripley County Welfare Board member to solicit his vote in an upcoming matter. The board member failed to vote as solicited. Respondent summarily removed the board member, although he made a false entry showing that a hearing had been conducted in the matter.6 The board member brought an action in mandamus to require the respondent to expunge the removal from the record and to grant a change of venue.7

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
323 N.E.2d 192, 262 Ind. 667, 1975 Ind. LEXIS 251, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/in-re-terry-ind-1975.