FILED DEC 06 2017 1 NOT FOR PUBLICATION SUSAN M. SPRAUL, CLERK U.S. BKCY. APP. PANEL 2 OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT
3 UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE PANEL 4 OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT 5 In re: ) BAP No. SC-16-1419-SAKu ) 6 RW MERIDIAN LLC, ) Bk. No. 3:16-bk-00629 ) 7 Debtor. ) ______________________________) 8 ) COUNTY OF IMPERIAL TREASURER- ) 9 TAX COLLECTOR, ) ) 10 Appellant, ) ) 11 v. ) MEMORANDUM* ) 12 RW MERIDIAN, LLC; RONALD E. ) STADTMUELLER, Trustee, ) 13 ) Appellees. ) 14 ______________________________) 15 Argued and Submitted on November 30, 2017 at Pasadena, California 16 Filed – December 6, 2017 17 Appeal from the United States Bankruptcy Court 18 for the Southern District of California 19 Honorable Margaret M. Mann, Bankruptcy Judge, Presiding 20 Appearances: Laurel Lee Hyde of Schwartz Hyde & Garfield argued 21 for appellant; Brian A. Kretsch argued for appellee Ronald E. Stadtmueller, Trustee. 22 23 24 25 26 * This disposition is not appropriate for publication. 27 Although it may be cited for whatever persuasive value it may have (see Fed. R. App. P. 32.1), it has no precedential value. 28 See 9th Cir. BAP Rule 8024-1. 1 Before: SPRAKER, ALSTON** and KURTZ, Bankruptcy Judges. 2 INTRODUCTION 3 The Imperial County Treasurer–Tax Collector appeals from an 4 order authorizing the chapter 71 trustee to sell real property 5 encumbered by Imperial County’s tax lien. As a result of the 6 bankruptcy sale, the tax lien has been paid in full. 7 Because Imperial County lacks standing, we must DISMISS this 8 appeal. 9 FACTS 10 The facts and procedural history set forth below are 11 undisputed. RW Meridian owned 58.53 acres of undeveloped land 12 located in Imperial County, California. In order to satisfy 13 roughly $167,000 in delinquent property taxes, Imperial County 14 scheduled an auction of the property to commence on Saturday, 15 February 6, 2016. 16 Although the auction duly commenced on that date, it was not 17 completed until Tuesday, February 9, 2016, when Imperial County 18 accepted the winning bid of American Pacific Investments, LLC in 19 the amount of $343,000. In the interim, on Monday, February 8, 20 2016, RW Meridian filed its chapter 7 petition. 21 Imperial County believed that, by virtue of the scheduled 22 auction, RW Meridian’s interest in the property was extinguished 23 under California law at 5:00 p.m. on Friday, February 5, 2016. 24 25 ** Hon. Christopher M. Alston, United States Bankruptcy 26 Judge for the Western District of Washington, sitting by designation. 27 1 Unless specified otherwise, all chapter and section 28 references are to the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101-1532.
2 1 Even so, on Thursday, February 11, 2016, Imperial County filed a 2 precautionary relief from stay motion to confirm that RW Meridian 3 and its bankruptcy estate had no interest in the property at the 4 time of its bankruptcy filing. The bankruptcy court disagreed 5 with Imperial County, denied relief from the stay, and further 6 held that the tax sale completed postpetition was void as a 7 violation of the stay. In re RW Meridian LLC, 553 B.R. 807, 814 8 (Bankr. S.D. Cal. 2016). 9 On appeal from the ruling declaring the tax sale void, we 10 affirmed. Cnty. of Imperial Treasurer–Tax Collector v. 11 Stadtmueller (In re RW Meridian LLC), 564 B.R. 21, 25 (9th Cir. 12 BAP 2017). Agreeing with the bankruptcy court, we held that, at 13 the time of its petition filing, RW Meridian still had both legal 14 and equitable interests in the property. Thus, we also concluded 15 that the postpetition completion of the tax sale was void. 16 Imperial County has appealed our affirmance to the Ninth Circuit 17 Court of Appeals (Court of Appeals Dkt. No. 17-60020). That 18 appeal is still pending. 19 In October 2016, while Imperial County’s relief from stay 20 appeal was still pending before this panel, Ronald E. 21 Stadtmueller, as trustee of RW Meridian’s chapter 7 bankruptcy 22 estate, filed a motion to sell the property. In his motion, 23 Stadtmueller proposed to sell the property to third parties James 24 and Leann Lin for $500,000. Imperial County and American Pacific 25 Investments both opposed Stadtmueller’s proposed sale based on 26 the tax sale that the bankruptcy court (and later this Panel) 27 declared void. 28 At the hearing on the sale motion, the bankruptcy court
3 1 overruled Imperial County’s and American Pacific’s objections. 2 In essence, the bankruptcy court held that all of their key 3 objections were premised on a tax sale that the court already had 4 declared void. 5 More importantly for this appeal, the bankruptcy court 6 pointed out that Imperial County’s tax lien was going to be 7 satisfied either way. The bankruptcy court’s sale order 8 specifically provided either for payment of Imperial County’s tax 9 lien through the sale escrow or for its lien to attach to the 10 sale proceeds. Imperial County has admitted on appeal that it 11 has received full payment of its tax lien from Stadtmueller.2 12 The bankruptcy court entered its order approving the sale of 13 the property on November 29, 2016, and Imperial County timely 14 appealed.3 15 JURISDICTION 16 The bankruptcy court had jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 17 §§ 1334 and 157(b)(2)(N), and we have jurisdiction under 18 28 U.S.C. § 158, subject to the standing discussion set forth 19 below. 20 ISSUE 21 Does Imperial County have standing? 22 STANDARDS OF REVIEW 23 We review de novo whether Imperial County has standing. See 24 Giesbrecht v. Fitzgerald (In re Giesbrecht), 429 B.R. 682, 687 25 2 26 Counsel for Imperial County confirmed this fact at oral argument. 27 3 American Pacific Investments also appealed the sale order, 28 but it later voluntarily dismissed its appeal.
4 1 (9th Cir. BAP 2010). 2 DISCUSSION 3 Stadtmueller has filed a motion to dismiss this appeal, 4 asserting that the appeal is moot and Imperial County lacks 5 standing. Imperial County has opposed the motion. We address 6 the standing issue first. 7 A. Standing Issue 8 In order to determine whether Imperial County has standing 9 we must consider both constitutional and prudential standing 10 doctrines. Constitutional standing is derived from the case and 11 controversy requirement of Article III of the Constitution and 12 requires a plaintiff to demonstrate “injury in fact, causation 13 and redressability.” Republic of Marshall Islands v. United 14 States, 865 F.3d 1187, 1199 (9th Cir. 2017) (citing Lexmark 15 Int'l, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc., 134 S. Ct. 1377, 16 1386 (2014)). On the other hand, prudential standing, is a set 17 of “‘judicially self-imposed limits on the exercise of federal 18 jurisdiction.’” Veal v. Am. Home Mortg. Servicing, Inc. 19 (In re Veal), 450 B.R. 897, 906 (9th Cir. BAP 2011) (quoting 20 Sprint Commc’ns Co. v. APCC Servs., Inc., 554 U.S. 269, 289 21 (2008)). 22 Imperial County bears the burden of establishing both 23 constitutional standing and prudential standing. In re Veal, 24 450 B.R. at 907 n.11. At its core, the standing inquiry, in all 25 its forms, “is an inherently factual inquiry into the nature of 26 the rights asserted.” Id. 27 1. Constitutional Standing 28 In order to satisfy the “injury in fact” element of
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FILED DEC 06 2017 1 NOT FOR PUBLICATION SUSAN M. SPRAUL, CLERK U.S. BKCY. APP. PANEL 2 OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT
3 UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE PANEL 4 OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT 5 In re: ) BAP No. SC-16-1419-SAKu ) 6 RW MERIDIAN LLC, ) Bk. No. 3:16-bk-00629 ) 7 Debtor. ) ______________________________) 8 ) COUNTY OF IMPERIAL TREASURER- ) 9 TAX COLLECTOR, ) ) 10 Appellant, ) ) 11 v. ) MEMORANDUM* ) 12 RW MERIDIAN, LLC; RONALD E. ) STADTMUELLER, Trustee, ) 13 ) Appellees. ) 14 ______________________________) 15 Argued and Submitted on November 30, 2017 at Pasadena, California 16 Filed – December 6, 2017 17 Appeal from the United States Bankruptcy Court 18 for the Southern District of California 19 Honorable Margaret M. Mann, Bankruptcy Judge, Presiding 20 Appearances: Laurel Lee Hyde of Schwartz Hyde & Garfield argued 21 for appellant; Brian A. Kretsch argued for appellee Ronald E. Stadtmueller, Trustee. 22 23 24 25 26 * This disposition is not appropriate for publication. 27 Although it may be cited for whatever persuasive value it may have (see Fed. R. App. P. 32.1), it has no precedential value. 28 See 9th Cir. BAP Rule 8024-1. 1 Before: SPRAKER, ALSTON** and KURTZ, Bankruptcy Judges. 2 INTRODUCTION 3 The Imperial County Treasurer–Tax Collector appeals from an 4 order authorizing the chapter 71 trustee to sell real property 5 encumbered by Imperial County’s tax lien. As a result of the 6 bankruptcy sale, the tax lien has been paid in full. 7 Because Imperial County lacks standing, we must DISMISS this 8 appeal. 9 FACTS 10 The facts and procedural history set forth below are 11 undisputed. RW Meridian owned 58.53 acres of undeveloped land 12 located in Imperial County, California. In order to satisfy 13 roughly $167,000 in delinquent property taxes, Imperial County 14 scheduled an auction of the property to commence on Saturday, 15 February 6, 2016. 16 Although the auction duly commenced on that date, it was not 17 completed until Tuesday, February 9, 2016, when Imperial County 18 accepted the winning bid of American Pacific Investments, LLC in 19 the amount of $343,000. In the interim, on Monday, February 8, 20 2016, RW Meridian filed its chapter 7 petition. 21 Imperial County believed that, by virtue of the scheduled 22 auction, RW Meridian’s interest in the property was extinguished 23 under California law at 5:00 p.m. on Friday, February 5, 2016. 24 25 ** Hon. Christopher M. Alston, United States Bankruptcy 26 Judge for the Western District of Washington, sitting by designation. 27 1 Unless specified otherwise, all chapter and section 28 references are to the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101-1532.
2 1 Even so, on Thursday, February 11, 2016, Imperial County filed a 2 precautionary relief from stay motion to confirm that RW Meridian 3 and its bankruptcy estate had no interest in the property at the 4 time of its bankruptcy filing. The bankruptcy court disagreed 5 with Imperial County, denied relief from the stay, and further 6 held that the tax sale completed postpetition was void as a 7 violation of the stay. In re RW Meridian LLC, 553 B.R. 807, 814 8 (Bankr. S.D. Cal. 2016). 9 On appeal from the ruling declaring the tax sale void, we 10 affirmed. Cnty. of Imperial Treasurer–Tax Collector v. 11 Stadtmueller (In re RW Meridian LLC), 564 B.R. 21, 25 (9th Cir. 12 BAP 2017). Agreeing with the bankruptcy court, we held that, at 13 the time of its petition filing, RW Meridian still had both legal 14 and equitable interests in the property. Thus, we also concluded 15 that the postpetition completion of the tax sale was void. 16 Imperial County has appealed our affirmance to the Ninth Circuit 17 Court of Appeals (Court of Appeals Dkt. No. 17-60020). That 18 appeal is still pending. 19 In October 2016, while Imperial County’s relief from stay 20 appeal was still pending before this panel, Ronald E. 21 Stadtmueller, as trustee of RW Meridian’s chapter 7 bankruptcy 22 estate, filed a motion to sell the property. In his motion, 23 Stadtmueller proposed to sell the property to third parties James 24 and Leann Lin for $500,000. Imperial County and American Pacific 25 Investments both opposed Stadtmueller’s proposed sale based on 26 the tax sale that the bankruptcy court (and later this Panel) 27 declared void. 28 At the hearing on the sale motion, the bankruptcy court
3 1 overruled Imperial County’s and American Pacific’s objections. 2 In essence, the bankruptcy court held that all of their key 3 objections were premised on a tax sale that the court already had 4 declared void. 5 More importantly for this appeal, the bankruptcy court 6 pointed out that Imperial County’s tax lien was going to be 7 satisfied either way. The bankruptcy court’s sale order 8 specifically provided either for payment of Imperial County’s tax 9 lien through the sale escrow or for its lien to attach to the 10 sale proceeds. Imperial County has admitted on appeal that it 11 has received full payment of its tax lien from Stadtmueller.2 12 The bankruptcy court entered its order approving the sale of 13 the property on November 29, 2016, and Imperial County timely 14 appealed.3 15 JURISDICTION 16 The bankruptcy court had jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 17 §§ 1334 and 157(b)(2)(N), and we have jurisdiction under 18 28 U.S.C. § 158, subject to the standing discussion set forth 19 below. 20 ISSUE 21 Does Imperial County have standing? 22 STANDARDS OF REVIEW 23 We review de novo whether Imperial County has standing. See 24 Giesbrecht v. Fitzgerald (In re Giesbrecht), 429 B.R. 682, 687 25 2 26 Counsel for Imperial County confirmed this fact at oral argument. 27 3 American Pacific Investments also appealed the sale order, 28 but it later voluntarily dismissed its appeal.
4 1 (9th Cir. BAP 2010). 2 DISCUSSION 3 Stadtmueller has filed a motion to dismiss this appeal, 4 asserting that the appeal is moot and Imperial County lacks 5 standing. Imperial County has opposed the motion. We address 6 the standing issue first. 7 A. Standing Issue 8 In order to determine whether Imperial County has standing 9 we must consider both constitutional and prudential standing 10 doctrines. Constitutional standing is derived from the case and 11 controversy requirement of Article III of the Constitution and 12 requires a plaintiff to demonstrate “injury in fact, causation 13 and redressability.” Republic of Marshall Islands v. United 14 States, 865 F.3d 1187, 1199 (9th Cir. 2017) (citing Lexmark 15 Int'l, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc., 134 S. Ct. 1377, 16 1386 (2014)). On the other hand, prudential standing, is a set 17 of “‘judicially self-imposed limits on the exercise of federal 18 jurisdiction.’” Veal v. Am. Home Mortg. Servicing, Inc. 19 (In re Veal), 450 B.R. 897, 906 (9th Cir. BAP 2011) (quoting 20 Sprint Commc’ns Co. v. APCC Servs., Inc., 554 U.S. 269, 289 21 (2008)). 22 Imperial County bears the burden of establishing both 23 constitutional standing and prudential standing. In re Veal, 24 450 B.R. at 907 n.11. At its core, the standing inquiry, in all 25 its forms, “is an inherently factual inquiry into the nature of 26 the rights asserted.” Id. 27 1. Constitutional Standing 28 In order to satisfy the “injury in fact” element of
5 1 constitutional standing, Imperial County must demonstrate “an 2 invasion of a legally protected interest which is (a) concrete 3 and particularized and (b) actual or imminent, not conjectural or 4 hypothetical.” Bishop Paiute Tribe v. Inyo Cnty., 863 F.3d 1144, 5 1153 (9th Cir. 2017) (citing Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 6 555, 560 (1992)). To establish causation, Imperial County needs 7 to show that its injury is “fairly traceable” to the challenged 8 action – in this instance, the bankruptcy court’s sale order. 9 See Lujan, 504 U.S. at 560. And finally, to prove 10 redressability, Imperial County has to persuade us that a 11 favorable decision by this panel likely would redress its injury. 12 Id. at 560-61. 13 Here, Imperial County has not identified any particularized 14 or concrete injury arising from the bankruptcy court’s sale 15 order. To the contrary, Imperial County has admitted on appeal 16 that its lienholder interest in the subject property has been 17 fully satisfied from the proceeds of the court-approved sale. 18 This admission also undermines any attempt by Imperial County to 19 show causation. The sale order did not cause Imperial County any 20 injury as a lienholder because the sale order directly resulted 21 in Imperial County being paid in full. For the same reason, 22 Imperial County cannot show redressability. It is axiomatic that 23 you cannot redress an injury that does not exist. See C. Wright, 24 A. Miller & E. Cooper, 13A F. Prac. & Proc. Juris., § 3531.4 25 (3d ed. 2017) (“a remedy addressed to actions that have not 26 caused the injury will not alleviate the injury”). 27 Imperial County posits that it has an independent, 28 institutional interest as a taxing authority that has been
6 1 injured by the sale order because that order conflicts with the 2 prior tax sale of the same property. Furthermore, Imperial 3 County claims that the sale order indirectly threatens other, 4 future tax sales by way of the precedent it sets. The sale order 5 does no such thing. Imperial County is conflating the impact of 6 the sale order with the impact of the bankruptcy court’s order 7 denying relief from stay. The relief from stay denial order 8 declared void the prior tax sale. As a result of that order, the 9 tax sale never occurred. Schwartz v. United States 10 (In re Schwartz), 954 F.2d 569, 571 (9th Cir. 1992) (holding that 11 actions taken in violation of the automatic stay are void). 12 Thus, by the time Stadtmueller filed his sale motion, there was 13 no tax sale to interfere with.4 14 Imperial County nonetheless insists that, as long as it has 15 an appeal pending from the relief from stay denial order, there 16 17 4 We are aware that, in each of its appeals, and in every court, Imperial County has been unsuccessful in obtaining a stay 18 pending appeal. The courts repeatedly have denied its stay 19 motions because it has not shown a likelihood of success on the merits. In addition, we understand that Imperial County’s 20 arguments regarding its institutional interest in clarifying the efficacy of its tax sale procedures against the filing of a 21 bankruptcy petition might be pertinent to mootness and standing issues raised in its Ninth Circuit appeal from the relief from 22 stay denial order. We express no opinion on the merits of these 23 arguments with respect to the Ninth Circuit appeal. We also understand that, in large part, the appeal from the sale order 24 appears to have been aimed at protecting and preserving whatever rights it might have to prosecute its Ninth Circuit appeal. 25 Indeed, Imperial County has suggested that the decision in this 26 appeal simply be stayed pending resolution of the Ninth Circuit appeal on the relief from stay motion. This fails, however, to 27 alter our conviction that Imperial County’s institutional interest in clarifying the efficacy of its tax sale procedures is 28 not implicated by the sale order at issue.
7 1 is a chance the tax sale might be reinstated. It argues that its 2 interest in a potentially-reinstated tax sale, on a lien for 3 which it has already been paid in full, was injured by the sale 4 order. This alleged injury is not an injury in fact for standing 5 purposes. As stated above, an injury in fact must be “actual or 6 imminent, not conjectural or hypothetical.” Bishop Paiute Tribe, 7 863 F.3d at 1153. Given that its interest in a potentially- 8 reinstated tax sale only will arise if it prevails in its Ninth 9 Circuit appeal from the relief from stay denial order, its 10 injury is hypothetical. 11 Imperial County’s argument also is based on a false legal 12 premise. It assumes that the relief from stay denial order is 13 ineffective while it is the subject of a pending appeal. This 14 assumption is incorrect. While an appeal is pending, federal 15 judgments and orders are fully effective and enforceable absent a 16 stay pending appeal. Bennett v. Gemmill (In re Combined Metals 17 Reduction Co.), 557 F.2d 179, 190 (9th Cir. 1977). 18 In sum, Imperial County has not established that it meets 19 the constitutional standing requirements of injury in fact, 20 causation and redressability. 21 2. Prudential Standing – Standing to Appeal 22 Even if we somehow could conclude that Imperial County has 23 constitutional standing, it also would need to show standing to 24 pursue a bankruptcy appeal. This facet of prudential standing 25 often is referred to as the “person aggrieved” standard: an 26 appellant seeking appellate review of a bankruptcy court's 27 judgment or order must be a “person aggrieved” by the order 28 appealed. Lehman Commercial Paper, Inc. v. Palmdale Hills
8 1 Prop., LLC (In re Palmdale Hills Prop., LLC), 423 B.R. 655, 662 2 (9th Cir. BAP 2009), aff'd, 654 F.3d 868 (9th Cir. 2011). 3 Under this standard, only “those persons who are directly 4 and adversely affected pecuniarily by an order of the bankruptcy 5 court” have standing to appeal. Id. (quoting Fondiller v. 6 Robertson (In re Fondiller), 707 F.2d 441, 442 (9th Cir. 1983)). 7 At bottom, the person aggrieved standard presents a question of 8 fact. Int'l Ass'n of Firefighters, Local 1186 v. City of Vallejo 9 (In re City of Vallejo), 408 B.R. 280, 299 (9th Cir. BAP 2009) 10 (citing Paine v. Dickey (In re Paine), 250 B.R. 99, 104 (9th Cir. 11 BAP 2000)). Thus, Imperial County needs to show that the order 12 on appeal diminished its property, increased its burdens or 13 otherwise detrimentally affected its rights. See 14 In re Fondiller, 707 F.2d at 442-43. 15 Imperial County cannot show that its pecuniary interests 16 have been directly and adversely affected by the bankruptcy 17 court’s sale order. Instead, the sale order bestowed a monetary 18 benefit on Imperial County. Imperial County has admitted that as 19 a result of the sale order its tax lien has been paid in full. 20 In fact, Imperial County has conceded that it has no direct 21 pecuniary interest at stake in this appeal: 22 The County does not have to be at risk of monetary harm to have an interest in the appeal. The County has 23 never argued that it is at risk of not being paid, but that it has a vital interest in establishing the 24 validity of its official actions, not only in connection with this particular sale but as to all 25 future sales. 26 Response In Opposition to Appellee’s Motion to Dismiss Appeal, 27 28
9 1 BAP Dkt. No. SC-16-1419, Doc. No 24, p. 19.5 2 As for Imperial County’s argument regarding its “vital 3 interest in establishing the validity of its official actions,” 4 we already addressed and rejected this argument as part of our 5 consideration of constitutional standing. The sale order did 6 nothing to any such interest. It was the relief from stay denial 7 order that potentially impacted this interest. In any event, by 8 its own admission, Imperial County’s interest in its official 9 actions was not a pecuniary interest directly and adversely 10 affected by the sale order. 11 Accordingly, Imperial County lacks standing, and this appeal 12 must be dismissed. 13 B. Mootness Issue 14 Because we have concluded that Imperial County lacks 15 standing, we decline to address the mootness issue. 16 CONCLUSION 17 For the reasons set forth above, we DISMISS this appeal for 18 lack of standing. 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 5 Counsel for Imperial County confirmed this position at 28 oral argument.