[Cite as In re A.G., 2017-Ohio-9133.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
IN RE: A.G. C.A. No. 28673
APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT ENTERED IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO CASE No. DN 16 08 0730
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: December 20, 2017
SCHAFER, Presiding Judge.
{¶1} Appellant-Mother appeals the judgment of the Summit County Court of Common
Pleas, Juvenile Division, that adjudicated her child A.G. a dependent child. This Court reverses
and remands.
I.
{¶2} Mother is the biological mother of A.G. (d.o.b. 8/16/06). Paternity was
established; but Father, who is incarcerated, is not a party to this appeal. A.G. was diagnosed
with Type 1 diabetes when she was five or six years old. When the child was ten years old,
Summit County Children Services Board (“CSB”) received a call alleging that A.G.’s diabetes
was not being well managed and that the child had recently been hospitalized. After attempting
to work with the resistant Mother for almost two months to appropriately manage the child’s
diabetes, the agency filed a complaint alleging A.G. to be a neglected and dependent child. At
the same time, the juvenile court granted CSB an interim order of protective supervision. 2
{¶3} The matter proceeded to adjudication before the magistrate, who repeatedly
chastised the parties for failing to present relevant evidence. After CSB rested its case, Mother
moved to dismiss the complaint pursuant to Civ.R. 41(B)(2), arguing that the agency had failed
to prove the allegations of neglect and dependency by clear and convincing evidence. The
assistant prosecutor argued that the agency had presented sufficient evidence to establish neglect
and dependency. CSB did not, however, argue that Civ.R. 42(B)(2) was an inappropriate
procedural mechanism by which Mother could seek dismissal of the complaint. The magistrate
granted Mother’s oral motion and dismissed the agency’s complaint in toto.
{¶4} CSB filed objections to the magistrate’s decision, arguing solely that the agency
had presented sufficient clear and convincing evidence to prove that A.G. was neglected and
dependent. Mother filed a brief in opposition. The juvenile court overruled CSB’s objections in
part as they related to the allegation of neglect, and dismissed that allegation as unproven.
However, it sustained the agency’s objections in part and found that CSB had proved by clear
and convincing evidence that A.G. was a dependent child. The juvenile court then ordered that
“[t]his matter shall be remanded to the Magistrate for further action consistent with the orders
herein.” The juvenile court did not address the applicability of Civ.R. 41(B)(2) in juvenile
proceedings.
{¶5} Mother immediately filed a notice of appeal to challenge the juvenile court’s
order adjudicating A.G. a dependent child. While the appeal was pending, CSB moved for an
order terminating protective supervision, as the child sadly had died. Four days later, and
without a hearing, the magistrate issued an order terminating the agency’s order of protective 3
supervision, and noting that she would issue a full decision “under separate entry.”1 Mother
immediately filed (1) a motion to set aside the magistrate’s order, and (2) a motion to vacate the
dependency finding and terminate the case based in part on the trial court’s failure to allow
Mother to present a defense to the allegations in the complaint, as permitted by Civ.R. 41(B)(2).
The juvenile court dismissed Mother’s motions for lack of jurisdiction, because her appeal was
still pending.
{¶6} This Court dismissed Mother’s first appeal, and Mother thereafter filed renewed
motions in the juvenile court to set aside the magistrate’s dispositional order and to vacate the
finding of dependency. CSB filed a brief in opposition, again failing to argue that Mother
improperly invoked Civ.R. 41(B)(2) when moving to dismiss the agency’s complaint. The
juvenile court issued a judgment in which it denied Mother’s motion to set aside the magistrate’s
order terminating protective supervision. In addition, the juvenile court denied Mother’s motion
to vacate the dependency adjudication. In rejecting Mother’s due process argument that the
court denied her the opportunity to present a defense to the allegations in the complaint, the
juvenile court reasoned:
[Mother] had appointed counsel and a right to present her defense, but opted to move for dismissal after the State’s case was presented. She cannot now claim that she was prejudiced by her own choice and seek relief from the Court on that basis.
1 This Court is concerned that the magistrate purported to issue a dispositional order while Mother’s appeal was pending, as the trial court lacked jurisdiction “except to take action in aid of the appeal.” In re J.B., 9th Dist. Summit No. 23307, 2007-Ohio-246, ¶ 11. Moreover, given the dispositive nature of the purported order, we question the efficacy of such an order that does not comport with Juv.R. 40(D)(2)(a)(i), which states, in relevant part, that “a magistrate may enter orders without judicial approval if necessary to regulate the proceedings and if not dispositive of a claim or defense of a party.” (Emphasis added.) 4
{¶7} It then ordered that A.G. was a dependent child, that the interim order of
protective supervision was terminated, and that the case be docketed closed. Mother filed a
timely appeal in which she raises one assignment of error for review.
II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
THE TRIAL COURT VIOLATED CIV.R. 41(B)(2), AND MOTHER’S RIGHTS TO DUE PROCESS WHEN IT ISSUED AN ADJUDICATORY JUDGMENT ENTRY WITHOUT GIVING MOTHER AN OPPORTUNITY TO PRESENT A DEFENSE.
{¶8} Mother argues that the juvenile court erred by failing to allow her to present a
defense to CSB’s allegation of dependency after she initially prevailed on her Civ.R. 41(B)(2)
motion to dismiss before the magistrate. This Court agrees.
A reviewing court will not disturb a trial court’s ruling regarding a motion for involuntary dismissal pursuant to Civ.R. 41(B)(2) unless the trial court’s ruling is incorrect as a matter of law or is against the manifest weight of the evidence.
State ex rel. Rothal v. Smith, 151 Ohio App.3d 289, 2002-Ohio-7328, ¶ 85 (9th Dist.), citing
Johnson v. Tansky Sawmill Toyota, Inc., 95 Ohio App.3d 164, 167 (10th Dist.1994). Appellate
courts always review issues of law, including the construction of language, de novo. See Arnott
v. Arnott, 132 Ohio St.3d 401, 2012-Ohio-3208, ¶ 13-16. “‘A de novo review requires an
independent review of the trial court’s decision without any deference to the trial court’s
determination.’” Gehlmann v. Gehlmann, 9th Dist. Medina No. 13CA0015-M, 2014-Ohio-4990,
¶ 6, quoting In re Estate of Piesciuk, 9th Dist. Summit No. 26274, 2012-Ohio-2481, ¶ 6.
{¶9} Civ.R. 41(B)(2) provides, in relevant part:
After the plaintiff, in an action tried by the court without a jury, has completed the presentation of the plaintiff’s evidence, the defendant, without waiving the right to offer evidence in the event the motion is not granted, may move for a dismissal on the ground that upon the facts and the law the plaintiff has shown no right to relief. The court as trier of the facts may then determine them and render 5
judgment against the plaintiff or may decline to render any judgment until the close of all the evidence.
(Emphasis added.)
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[Cite as In re A.G., 2017-Ohio-9133.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
IN RE: A.G. C.A. No. 28673
APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT ENTERED IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO CASE No. DN 16 08 0730
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: December 20, 2017
SCHAFER, Presiding Judge.
{¶1} Appellant-Mother appeals the judgment of the Summit County Court of Common
Pleas, Juvenile Division, that adjudicated her child A.G. a dependent child. This Court reverses
and remands.
I.
{¶2} Mother is the biological mother of A.G. (d.o.b. 8/16/06). Paternity was
established; but Father, who is incarcerated, is not a party to this appeal. A.G. was diagnosed
with Type 1 diabetes when she was five or six years old. When the child was ten years old,
Summit County Children Services Board (“CSB”) received a call alleging that A.G.’s diabetes
was not being well managed and that the child had recently been hospitalized. After attempting
to work with the resistant Mother for almost two months to appropriately manage the child’s
diabetes, the agency filed a complaint alleging A.G. to be a neglected and dependent child. At
the same time, the juvenile court granted CSB an interim order of protective supervision. 2
{¶3} The matter proceeded to adjudication before the magistrate, who repeatedly
chastised the parties for failing to present relevant evidence. After CSB rested its case, Mother
moved to dismiss the complaint pursuant to Civ.R. 41(B)(2), arguing that the agency had failed
to prove the allegations of neglect and dependency by clear and convincing evidence. The
assistant prosecutor argued that the agency had presented sufficient evidence to establish neglect
and dependency. CSB did not, however, argue that Civ.R. 42(B)(2) was an inappropriate
procedural mechanism by which Mother could seek dismissal of the complaint. The magistrate
granted Mother’s oral motion and dismissed the agency’s complaint in toto.
{¶4} CSB filed objections to the magistrate’s decision, arguing solely that the agency
had presented sufficient clear and convincing evidence to prove that A.G. was neglected and
dependent. Mother filed a brief in opposition. The juvenile court overruled CSB’s objections in
part as they related to the allegation of neglect, and dismissed that allegation as unproven.
However, it sustained the agency’s objections in part and found that CSB had proved by clear
and convincing evidence that A.G. was a dependent child. The juvenile court then ordered that
“[t]his matter shall be remanded to the Magistrate for further action consistent with the orders
herein.” The juvenile court did not address the applicability of Civ.R. 41(B)(2) in juvenile
proceedings.
{¶5} Mother immediately filed a notice of appeal to challenge the juvenile court’s
order adjudicating A.G. a dependent child. While the appeal was pending, CSB moved for an
order terminating protective supervision, as the child sadly had died. Four days later, and
without a hearing, the magistrate issued an order terminating the agency’s order of protective 3
supervision, and noting that she would issue a full decision “under separate entry.”1 Mother
immediately filed (1) a motion to set aside the magistrate’s order, and (2) a motion to vacate the
dependency finding and terminate the case based in part on the trial court’s failure to allow
Mother to present a defense to the allegations in the complaint, as permitted by Civ.R. 41(B)(2).
The juvenile court dismissed Mother’s motions for lack of jurisdiction, because her appeal was
still pending.
{¶6} This Court dismissed Mother’s first appeal, and Mother thereafter filed renewed
motions in the juvenile court to set aside the magistrate’s dispositional order and to vacate the
finding of dependency. CSB filed a brief in opposition, again failing to argue that Mother
improperly invoked Civ.R. 41(B)(2) when moving to dismiss the agency’s complaint. The
juvenile court issued a judgment in which it denied Mother’s motion to set aside the magistrate’s
order terminating protective supervision. In addition, the juvenile court denied Mother’s motion
to vacate the dependency adjudication. In rejecting Mother’s due process argument that the
court denied her the opportunity to present a defense to the allegations in the complaint, the
juvenile court reasoned:
[Mother] had appointed counsel and a right to present her defense, but opted to move for dismissal after the State’s case was presented. She cannot now claim that she was prejudiced by her own choice and seek relief from the Court on that basis.
1 This Court is concerned that the magistrate purported to issue a dispositional order while Mother’s appeal was pending, as the trial court lacked jurisdiction “except to take action in aid of the appeal.” In re J.B., 9th Dist. Summit No. 23307, 2007-Ohio-246, ¶ 11. Moreover, given the dispositive nature of the purported order, we question the efficacy of such an order that does not comport with Juv.R. 40(D)(2)(a)(i), which states, in relevant part, that “a magistrate may enter orders without judicial approval if necessary to regulate the proceedings and if not dispositive of a claim or defense of a party.” (Emphasis added.) 4
{¶7} It then ordered that A.G. was a dependent child, that the interim order of
protective supervision was terminated, and that the case be docketed closed. Mother filed a
timely appeal in which she raises one assignment of error for review.
II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
THE TRIAL COURT VIOLATED CIV.R. 41(B)(2), AND MOTHER’S RIGHTS TO DUE PROCESS WHEN IT ISSUED AN ADJUDICATORY JUDGMENT ENTRY WITHOUT GIVING MOTHER AN OPPORTUNITY TO PRESENT A DEFENSE.
{¶8} Mother argues that the juvenile court erred by failing to allow her to present a
defense to CSB’s allegation of dependency after she initially prevailed on her Civ.R. 41(B)(2)
motion to dismiss before the magistrate. This Court agrees.
A reviewing court will not disturb a trial court’s ruling regarding a motion for involuntary dismissal pursuant to Civ.R. 41(B)(2) unless the trial court’s ruling is incorrect as a matter of law or is against the manifest weight of the evidence.
State ex rel. Rothal v. Smith, 151 Ohio App.3d 289, 2002-Ohio-7328, ¶ 85 (9th Dist.), citing
Johnson v. Tansky Sawmill Toyota, Inc., 95 Ohio App.3d 164, 167 (10th Dist.1994). Appellate
courts always review issues of law, including the construction of language, de novo. See Arnott
v. Arnott, 132 Ohio St.3d 401, 2012-Ohio-3208, ¶ 13-16. “‘A de novo review requires an
independent review of the trial court’s decision without any deference to the trial court’s
determination.’” Gehlmann v. Gehlmann, 9th Dist. Medina No. 13CA0015-M, 2014-Ohio-4990,
¶ 6, quoting In re Estate of Piesciuk, 9th Dist. Summit No. 26274, 2012-Ohio-2481, ¶ 6.
{¶9} Civ.R. 41(B)(2) provides, in relevant part:
After the plaintiff, in an action tried by the court without a jury, has completed the presentation of the plaintiff’s evidence, the defendant, without waiving the right to offer evidence in the event the motion is not granted, may move for a dismissal on the ground that upon the facts and the law the plaintiff has shown no right to relief. The court as trier of the facts may then determine them and render 5
judgment against the plaintiff or may decline to render any judgment until the close of all the evidence.
(Emphasis added.)
{¶10} At the conclusion of CSB’s case in chief, Mother moved to dismiss the complaint
pursuant to Civ.R. 41(B)(2) on the ground that the agency had failed to prove by clear and
convincing evidence that A.G. was a neglected and/or dependent child. Because the magistrate
granted the motion and dismissed the complaint, Mother had no reason to present any evidence
in defense of the allegations. When the trial court sustained CSB’s objections in part, found the
child to be dependent, and remanded the matter to the magistrate, the magistrate should have
immediately reopened the adjudicatory hearing to allow Mother to present her defense, as she
did not waive that right. The complicated procedural history of the case below, however, moved
the case off track.
{¶11} Mother’s intervening premature appeal, along with the magistrate’s improper
issuance of a dispositional order during the pendency of the first appeal, ultimately forced
Mother to move to vacate the dispositional order. She thoughtfully raised the issue that the trial
court had denied her the right to put on a defense at the adjudication in violation of Civ.R.
41(B)(2) and her due process rights. Based on the plain language of Civ.R. 41(B)(2), Mother did
not waive her right to put on a defense to the allegations in the complaint; and the juvenile court
erred as a matter of law when it concluded that she had.
{¶12} To the extent that CSB argues on appeal that Civ.R. 41(B)(2) was an
inappropriate mechanism by which to seek dismissal of the agency’s complaint, we decline to
consider it. CSB failed to raise the argument in its objections to the magistrate’s decision at the
time when the trial court could have considered it and, therefore, failed to preserve the issue for
appellate review. In re N.C., 9th Dist. Summit Nos. 27116 and 27118, 2015-Ohio-1627, ¶ 28. 6
Moreover, CSB concedes that Civ.R. 41(B)(2) has been applied in various types of juvenile
proceedings, and the agency cites no binding authority for the proposition that its application was
contrary to law under these circumstances.
{¶13} Moreover, this Court agrees that the juvenile court denied Mother due process
when it failed to allow her to present a defense to the agency’s complaint. It is well settled that
“parents are entitled to due process during the adjudicatory stage of the proceedings * * *.” In re
L.F., 9th Dist. Summit Nos. 27218 and 27228, 2014-Ohio-3800, ¶ 22. “Due process requires
both notice and an opportunity to be heard.” In re Z.H., 9th Dist. Summit No. 26844, 2013-
Ohio-3904, ¶ 14, citing In re Thompkins, 115 Ohio St.3d 409, 2007-Ohio-5238, ¶ 13. Here,
Mother was deprived of a meaningful opportunity to be heard, when the juvenile court concluded
that she had had an opportunity to present a defense but instead chose to move to dismiss the
complaint. It would be both illogical and a waste of court resources to require a party who has
prevailed on a motion to dismiss pursuant to Civ.R. 41(B)(2) nevertheless to proceed with her
case in chief, particularly as the rule specifically provides that the party has not waived the right
to present a defense in the event that the motion is denied. In this case, as the juvenile court
ultimately denied her Civ.R. 41(B)(2) motion to dismiss, Mother was entitled to present her
defense as a matter of due process. Mother’s assignment of error is sustained.
III.
{¶14} Mother’s sole assignment of error is sustained. The judgment of the Summit
County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, is reversed and the cause remanded for
further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Judgment reversed, and cause remanded. 7
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy
of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed to Appellee.
JULIE A. SCHAFER FOR THE COURT
CALLAHAN, J. CONCURS
CARR, J. CONCURS IN JUDGMENT ONLY.
APPEARANCES:
NEIL P. AGARWAL, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and RICHARD S. KASAY, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.
JOSEPH M. KERNAN, Guardian at Litem.