THE HONORABLE JOHN C. COUGHENOUR 1 2 3 4 5 6 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON 8 AT SEATTLE 9 ABOLFAZL HOSSEINZADEH, CASE NO. C18-1385-JCC 10 Plaintiff, ORDER 11 v. 12 BELLEVUE PARK HOMEOWNERS ASSOCIATION et al., 13 Defendants. 14 15 This matter comes before the Court on Defendant Jennifer Gonzalez’s motion for 16 summary judgment (Dkt. No. 45). Having thoroughly considered the parties’ briefing and the 17 relevant record, the Court finds oral argument unnecessary and hereby DENIES the motion for 18 the reasons explained herein. 19 I. BACKGROUND1 20 21 1 Much of the factual statements in the parties’ briefs are not properly supported by affidavits 22 based on personal knowledge or other similar evidence that is ordinarily considered at summary 23 judgment. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c); Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 561 (1992) (“In response to a summary judgment motion . . . the plaintiff can no longer rest on . . . ‘mere 24 allegations,’ but must ‘set forth’ by affidavit or other evidence ‘specific facts’ . . . .”); (Dkt. Nos. 45 at 2, 47 at 6) (citing to the complaint as evidence). However, because both parties fail to 25 properly support their factual assertions and those assertions appear undisputed, the court will consider those facts undisputed for the purposes of ruling on Plaintiff’s motion, unless otherwise 26 noted. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e)(2). 1 In 2002, Plaintiff Abolfazl Hosseinzadeh purchased a condominium unit at Bellevue 2 Park, which is managed by Defendant Bellevue Park Homeowners Association (the 3 “Association”), a nonprofit corporation whose membership is composed of the owners of 4 condominium units at Bellevue Park. (Dkt. No. 1 at 2–3.) In 2015, Hosseinzadeh transferred 5 ownership of his condominium to Flex Corporation, a company that Hosseinzadeh fully owns. 6 (Id. at 2.) On March 29, 2016, Hosseinzadeh was elected to the Association’s Board of Directors 7 at a regular annual meeting. (Id. at 6.) 8 Through the end of 2016, Hosseinzadeh appeared to validly sit on the board. (See id. at 8; 9 Dkt. No. 46 at 90–92.) But on January 7, 2017, Hosseinzadeh held a special meeting of the board 10 at which Zheng Tang, an associate of Hosseinzadeh, was elected to the board and Hosseinzadeh 11 was elected president. (See Dkt. No. 46 at 88.) The validity of those elections were disputed by 12 other Association members, who called for a special homeowners meeting. (See id. at 84–85.) 13 The special meeting was held on January 31, 2017, and a new board was elected. (See id. at 87.) 14 The new board did not include Hosseinzadeh or Tang. (See id.) It did include Defendant Jennifer 15 Gonzalez. (Dkt. No. 1 at 3.) 16 While this fight for control over the board was ongoing, Hosseinzadeh and Tang went to 17 Wells Fargo Bank on January 12, 2017, and successfully added themselves as signatories on the 18 accounts that the Association held at the bank. (Dkt. No. at 48 at 63.) According to 19 Hosseinzadeh, he and Tang “decided not to touch [the money] because we were challenged.” 20 (Id.) That same day, Hosseinzadeh reached out to U.S. Bank and tried to add himself as a 21 signatory on the Association’s account at the bank. (Id. at 64–65.) U.S. Bank did not add 22 Hosseinzadeh as a signatory on the account, and over the next few days, the bank received 23 conflicting communications about who had authority to control the account’s funds. (Dkt. No. 1 24 at 8, 46 at 27–30.) These conflicting communications prompted U.S. Bank to place a hold on the 25 funds in BPHOA’s account at the bank. (See Dkt. No. 46 at 25–31.) 26 On February 2, 2017, Gonzalez sent an email to the Vice President at U.S. Bank in an 1 effort to unfreeze the Association’s account. (Id. at 115.) Gonzalez wrote, 2 As I mentioned, a homeowner (actually, he is not even a homeowner-he is a representative for a homeowner) has spent the last 6 months or so trying to obtain 3 access to the . . . HOA funds, and was successful at this at Wells Fargo. 4 We have followed all of the HOA by-laws to create a new, valid board. 5 Our accounts at US Bank are frozen and our other accounts gone. We have no idea why the account is frozen. We have past due bills and no way to pay them. We have 6 no way to collect HOA dues. This is a continuing nightmare for many people. 7 What documentation is need[ed] to restore our account and keep Ab and his cohorts from taking our funds? I can have our HOA attorney contact you and provide you 8 with any documentation you require. 9 I must say, though, this is a VERY urgent matter for us. We have already lost a lot 10 of money and the longer we don’t pay bills, the more fees we incur. 11 (Id.) Later that day, Gonzalez emailed two Association members, Defendant Adrian Teague and 12 Marlene Newman, about Gonzalez’s communications with U.S. Bank’s Vice President. (Id. at 13 122.) The email stated, [The Vice President at U.S. Bank] told me there was a flurry of emails from Ab to 14 her today. I let her know that he fraudulently obtained our WF funds and that we 15 would rather the accounts remain frozen than for her to release any funds to him. She was supposed to review what was going on and get back to me, but she did not. 16 . . . 17 Ab is making moves, so we need to be as aggressive and on top of it as he is. 18 (Id.) 19 On September 19, 2018, Hosseinzadeh filed a complaint against Gonzalez, Teague, and 20 the Association. (Dkt. No. 1.) The complaint alleges, among other things, that Gonzalez defamed 21 Hosseinzadeh. (Dkt. No. 1 at 10–11.) Gonzalez now moves for summary judgment on the 22 defamation claim against her, arguing that the statements she made in the two emails on 23 February 2, 2017, were true. (Dkt. No. 45 at 5–8.) 24 II. DISCUSSION 25 A. Summary Judgment Standard 26 “The court shall grant summary judgment if the movant shows that there is no genuine 1 dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. 2 Civ. P. 56(a). Material facts are those that may affect the outcome of the case, and a dispute 3 about a material fact is genuine if there is sufficient evidence for a reasonable jury to return a 4 verdict for the non-moving party. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248–49 (1986). 5 In deciding whether there is a genuine dispute of material fact, the court must view the facts and 6 justifiable inferences to be drawn therefrom in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. 7 Id. at 255. The court is therefore prohibited from weighing the evidence or resolving disputed 8 issues in the moving party’s favor. Tolan v. Cotton, 572 U.S. 650, 657 (2014). 9 “The moving party bears the initial burden of establishing the absence of a genuine issue 10 of material fact.” 2 Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986). “If a moving party fails to 11 carry its initial burden of production, the nonmoving party has no obligation to produce anything, 12 even if the nonmoving party would have the ultimate burden of persuasion at trial.” Nissan Fire 13 & Marine Ins. Co. v. Fritz Cos., 210 F.3d 1099, 1102–03 (9th Cir. 2000). But once the moving 14 party properly supports its motion, the nonmoving party “must come forward with ‘specific facts 15 showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.’” Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio 16 Corp., 475 U.S. 574
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THE HONORABLE JOHN C. COUGHENOUR 1 2 3 4 5 6 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON 8 AT SEATTLE 9 ABOLFAZL HOSSEINZADEH, CASE NO. C18-1385-JCC 10 Plaintiff, ORDER 11 v. 12 BELLEVUE PARK HOMEOWNERS ASSOCIATION et al., 13 Defendants. 14 15 This matter comes before the Court on Defendant Jennifer Gonzalez’s motion for 16 summary judgment (Dkt. No. 45). Having thoroughly considered the parties’ briefing and the 17 relevant record, the Court finds oral argument unnecessary and hereby DENIES the motion for 18 the reasons explained herein. 19 I. BACKGROUND1 20 21 1 Much of the factual statements in the parties’ briefs are not properly supported by affidavits 22 based on personal knowledge or other similar evidence that is ordinarily considered at summary 23 judgment. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c); Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 561 (1992) (“In response to a summary judgment motion . . . the plaintiff can no longer rest on . . . ‘mere 24 allegations,’ but must ‘set forth’ by affidavit or other evidence ‘specific facts’ . . . .”); (Dkt. Nos. 45 at 2, 47 at 6) (citing to the complaint as evidence). However, because both parties fail to 25 properly support their factual assertions and those assertions appear undisputed, the court will consider those facts undisputed for the purposes of ruling on Plaintiff’s motion, unless otherwise 26 noted. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e)(2). 1 In 2002, Plaintiff Abolfazl Hosseinzadeh purchased a condominium unit at Bellevue 2 Park, which is managed by Defendant Bellevue Park Homeowners Association (the 3 “Association”), a nonprofit corporation whose membership is composed of the owners of 4 condominium units at Bellevue Park. (Dkt. No. 1 at 2–3.) In 2015, Hosseinzadeh transferred 5 ownership of his condominium to Flex Corporation, a company that Hosseinzadeh fully owns. 6 (Id. at 2.) On March 29, 2016, Hosseinzadeh was elected to the Association’s Board of Directors 7 at a regular annual meeting. (Id. at 6.) 8 Through the end of 2016, Hosseinzadeh appeared to validly sit on the board. (See id. at 8; 9 Dkt. No. 46 at 90–92.) But on January 7, 2017, Hosseinzadeh held a special meeting of the board 10 at which Zheng Tang, an associate of Hosseinzadeh, was elected to the board and Hosseinzadeh 11 was elected president. (See Dkt. No. 46 at 88.) The validity of those elections were disputed by 12 other Association members, who called for a special homeowners meeting. (See id. at 84–85.) 13 The special meeting was held on January 31, 2017, and a new board was elected. (See id. at 87.) 14 The new board did not include Hosseinzadeh or Tang. (See id.) It did include Defendant Jennifer 15 Gonzalez. (Dkt. No. 1 at 3.) 16 While this fight for control over the board was ongoing, Hosseinzadeh and Tang went to 17 Wells Fargo Bank on January 12, 2017, and successfully added themselves as signatories on the 18 accounts that the Association held at the bank. (Dkt. No. at 48 at 63.) According to 19 Hosseinzadeh, he and Tang “decided not to touch [the money] because we were challenged.” 20 (Id.) That same day, Hosseinzadeh reached out to U.S. Bank and tried to add himself as a 21 signatory on the Association’s account at the bank. (Id. at 64–65.) U.S. Bank did not add 22 Hosseinzadeh as a signatory on the account, and over the next few days, the bank received 23 conflicting communications about who had authority to control the account’s funds. (Dkt. No. 1 24 at 8, 46 at 27–30.) These conflicting communications prompted U.S. Bank to place a hold on the 25 funds in BPHOA’s account at the bank. (See Dkt. No. 46 at 25–31.) 26 On February 2, 2017, Gonzalez sent an email to the Vice President at U.S. Bank in an 1 effort to unfreeze the Association’s account. (Id. at 115.) Gonzalez wrote, 2 As I mentioned, a homeowner (actually, he is not even a homeowner-he is a representative for a homeowner) has spent the last 6 months or so trying to obtain 3 access to the . . . HOA funds, and was successful at this at Wells Fargo. 4 We have followed all of the HOA by-laws to create a new, valid board. 5 Our accounts at US Bank are frozen and our other accounts gone. We have no idea why the account is frozen. We have past due bills and no way to pay them. We have 6 no way to collect HOA dues. This is a continuing nightmare for many people. 7 What documentation is need[ed] to restore our account and keep Ab and his cohorts from taking our funds? I can have our HOA attorney contact you and provide you 8 with any documentation you require. 9 I must say, though, this is a VERY urgent matter for us. We have already lost a lot 10 of money and the longer we don’t pay bills, the more fees we incur. 11 (Id.) Later that day, Gonzalez emailed two Association members, Defendant Adrian Teague and 12 Marlene Newman, about Gonzalez’s communications with U.S. Bank’s Vice President. (Id. at 13 122.) The email stated, [The Vice President at U.S. Bank] told me there was a flurry of emails from Ab to 14 her today. I let her know that he fraudulently obtained our WF funds and that we 15 would rather the accounts remain frozen than for her to release any funds to him. She was supposed to review what was going on and get back to me, but she did not. 16 . . . 17 Ab is making moves, so we need to be as aggressive and on top of it as he is. 18 (Id.) 19 On September 19, 2018, Hosseinzadeh filed a complaint against Gonzalez, Teague, and 20 the Association. (Dkt. No. 1.) The complaint alleges, among other things, that Gonzalez defamed 21 Hosseinzadeh. (Dkt. No. 1 at 10–11.) Gonzalez now moves for summary judgment on the 22 defamation claim against her, arguing that the statements she made in the two emails on 23 February 2, 2017, were true. (Dkt. No. 45 at 5–8.) 24 II. DISCUSSION 25 A. Summary Judgment Standard 26 “The court shall grant summary judgment if the movant shows that there is no genuine 1 dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. 2 Civ. P. 56(a). Material facts are those that may affect the outcome of the case, and a dispute 3 about a material fact is genuine if there is sufficient evidence for a reasonable jury to return a 4 verdict for the non-moving party. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248–49 (1986). 5 In deciding whether there is a genuine dispute of material fact, the court must view the facts and 6 justifiable inferences to be drawn therefrom in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. 7 Id. at 255. The court is therefore prohibited from weighing the evidence or resolving disputed 8 issues in the moving party’s favor. Tolan v. Cotton, 572 U.S. 650, 657 (2014). 9 “The moving party bears the initial burden of establishing the absence of a genuine issue 10 of material fact.” 2 Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986). “If a moving party fails to 11 carry its initial burden of production, the nonmoving party has no obligation to produce anything, 12 even if the nonmoving party would have the ultimate burden of persuasion at trial.” Nissan Fire 13 & Marine Ins. Co. v. Fritz Cos., 210 F.3d 1099, 1102–03 (9th Cir. 2000). But once the moving 14 party properly supports its motion, the nonmoving party “must come forward with ‘specific facts 15 showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.’” Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio 16 Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587 (1986) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e)). Ultimately, summary judgment 17 is appropriate against a party who “fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence 18 of an element essential to that party’s case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof 19 at trial.” Celotex, 477 U.S. at 322. 20 B. Defamation Claim Against Gonzalez 21 To state a claim for defamation under Washington law, a plaintiff must prove four 22 elements: falsity, an unprivileged communication, fault, and damages. Mark v. Seattle Times, 23 2 Gonzalez argues that Hosseinzadeh has a heightened burden at summary judgment because he 24 “must prove defamation by an evidentiary standard of convincing clarity.” (Dkt. No. 45 at 6) (emphasis in original) (citing Mark v. Seattle Times, 635 P.2d 1081, 1088 (Wash. 1981)). 25 However, the convincing clarity standard does not apply to “a nonmedia defendant sued for a statement about private affairs.” Dunlap v. Wayne, 716 P.2d 842, 846 (Wash. 1986). Thus, the 26 “usual rules governing summary judgment . . . control” in this case. Id. 1 635 P.2d 1081, 1088 (Wash. 1981). “To establish the falsity element, the plaintiff must show the 2 challenged statement was ‘provably false.’” Phillips v. World Publ’g Co., Case No. C11-0558- 3 RSM, Dkt. No. 34 at 4 (W.D. Wash. 2011) (citing Schmalenberg v. Tacoma News, Inc., 943 P.2d 4 350, 357 (Wash. Ct. App. 1997)). “A provably false statement is one that, as either a statement of 5 fact or opinion, falsely expresses or implies provable facts about the plaintiff.” Seaquist v. 6 Caldier, 438 P.3d 606, 612 (Wash. Ct. App. 2019). Thus, “it is not necessary that the accusation 7 or other statement be by words. It is enough that the communication is reasonably capable of 8 being understood as charging something defamatory.” Restatement (Second) of Torts § 565 9 cmt. B (Am. Law Inst. 1977). However, if the gist of the story—“the portion that carries the 10 ‘sting’”—is true, then the falsity prong cannot be met. Mohr v. Grant, 108 P.3d 768, 775 (Wash. 11 2005) (citing Mark, 635 P.2d at 1092). 12 Here, a reasonable jury could conclude that Gonzalez’s emails on February 2, 2017, 13 implied that Hosseinzadeh had taken funds from the Association’s bank account at Wells Fargo. 14 Gonzalez’s email to the Vice President of U.S. Bank begins by saying that Hosseinzadeh 15 “obtain[ed] access to the . . . HOA funds . . .at Wells Fargo.” (Dkt. No. 46 at 115.) The email 16 then says that the account at Wells Fargo is “gone,” that the Association has “lost a lot of money 17 already,” and that the Association needs to find a way to “keep Ab and his cohorts from taking 18 [the Association’s] funds” at U.S. bank. (See id.) The implication of the email is relatively 19 straightforward: Hosseinzadeh took the Association’s money at Wells Fargo, and now he is 20 coming for the Association’s money at U.S. Bank. That implication is similarly present in 21 Gonzalez’s email to Teague and Newman. (See id. at 122) (stating that Hosseinzadeh 22 “fraudulently obtained our [Wells Fargo] funds and that we would rather the accounts remain 23 frozen [at U.S. bank] than for [the bank] to release any funds to him”). 24 Gonzalez reads her emails differently, arguing that she stated “merely that Plaintiff had 25 been successful at adding himself to the Wells Fargo . . . account and asked how Plaintiff could 26 be kept from obtaining access to the funds at U.S. Bank.” (Dkt. No. 45 at 7) (emphasis added). 1 This is a possible reading of Gonzalez’s email. A reasonable jury could conclude, for example, 2 that when Gonzalez told Teague and Newman that Hosseinzadeh had “obtained our [Wells 3 Fargo] funds,” Gonzalez really meant that Hosseinzadeh had obtained access to those funds. (See 4 Dkt. No. 46 at 122.) Similarly, a reasonable jury could conclude that when Gonzalez said that the 5 Association’s “account [is] gone” and that the Association had “already lost a lot of money,” she 6 meant that Gonzalez had gained control over the Wells Fargo account by adding himself as a 7 signatory on the account. (See id. at 115.) But a reasonable jury could also conclude that the 8 Association had “lost a lot of money” and the Wells Fargo account was “gone” because 9 Hosseinzadeh had withdrawn money from that account. 10 A reasonable jury could further conclude that Hosseinzadeh never withdrew money from 11 the Wells Fargo account. In his deposition, Hosseinzadeh states that he never withdrew money 12 from the account, (Dkt. No. at 48 at 63), and Gonzalez does not argue otherwise at summary 13 judgment, (see generally Dkt. No. 45, 49). Accordingly, summary judgment is inappropriate 14 because a genuine dispute of material fact exists as to whether Gonzalez made false statements in 15 the two emails she sent on February 2, 2017.3 16 III. CONCLUSION 17 For the foregoing reasons, the Court DENIES Gonzalez’s motion for summary judgment 18 (Dkt. No. 45). 19 // 20 // 21 // 22 // 23 3 Because Hosseinzadeh presents sufficient evidence to create a genuine dispute of fact regarding 24 the issue of falsity, the Court need not consider Hosseinzadeh’s request to defer considering Gonzalez’s motion under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(d). (See Dkt. No. 47 at 10–14.) 25 Likewise, the Court need not consider whether Hosseinzadeh’s signature authority over the Wells Fargo account was valid because even if it was invalid, a reasonable jury could conclude 26 that Gonzalez falsely accused Hosseinzadeh of withdrawing money from the account. 1 DATED this 9th day of June 2020. A 2 3 4 John C. Coughenour 5 UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
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