Hobdy v. United States

46 M.J. 653, 1997 CCA LEXIS 137, 1997 WL 214815
CourtNavy-Marine Corps Court of Criminal Appeals
DecidedMarch 12, 1997
DocketNMCM 9501161
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 46 M.J. 653 (Hobdy v. United States) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Navy-Marine Corps Court of Criminal Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Hobdy v. United States, 46 M.J. 653, 1997 CCA LEXIS 137, 1997 WL 214815 (N.M. 1997).

Opinion

OLIVER, Judge:

On 23 January 1995 a military judge convicted the petitioner,1 pursuant to his pleas, of wrongful use of marijuana and methamphetamine, possession of methamphetamine, and distribution of methamphetamine, marijuana, and LSD, in violation of Article 112a, Uniform Code of Military Justice, 10 U.S.C. § 912a (1994)[hereinafter UCMJ]. The general court-martial sentenced him to 5 years, 11 months of confinement, total forfeiture, reduction to pay grade E-l, and a dishonorable discharge. In accordance with a pretrial agreement, the convening authority suspended all confinement in excess of 2 years for a period of 12 months after the period of confinement.

This case is before us a second time. This court earlier affirmed the findings of guilty and the sentence. However, we determined that the convening authority’s action was ambiguous as to the period of suspension, and modified the action to comport with the language and intent of the pretrial agreement. United, States v. Hobdy, No. 95-1161 (N.M.Ct.Crim.App. 21 September 1995). Based on allegations of the petitioner’s subsequent illegal use of marijuana, the officer exercising special court-martial jurisdiction conducted a vacation hearing on 29 March 1996. He found sufficient evidence of a violation of the UCMJ to recommend that the suspended portion of the sentence be vacated. Based on the results of this hearing and the recommendation, the officer exercising general court-martial jurisdiction vacated the suspended portion of the petitioner’s sentence in his order of 29 April 1996. As a result, the petitioner is now required to serve an additional 3 years, 11 months, of confinement.

Citing two recent opinions of this court,2 the petitioner filed a Supplemental Brief and Assignment of Errors on Behalf of Accused on 6 December 1996. We have determined that, since the appellate review of the case is final, the appropriate course of action was for him to file a Brief in Support of a Petition for Extraordinary Relief in the Nature of a Writ of Habeas Corpus. As the petitioner has requested, we will consider his pleading as if it were in that form.3 Since vacation proceedings “are integral parts of a court-martial sentence,” this court has the power to review the vacation of a suspended sentence. United States v. Bingham, 3 M.J. 119, 120 n. 2 (C.M.A.1977). This court has extraordinary writ jurisdiction to review assignments of error concerning a vacation hearing which results in a Sailor or Marine having to serve additional time in confinement. United States v. Ward, 5 M.J. 685, 686 (N.C.M.R.1978). See All Writs Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1651(a); Dettinger v. United States, 7 M.J. 216, 217-18 (C.M.A.1979). Cf. Ross, 43 M.J. at 771 (writ of error coram nobis).

[655]*655We have examined the record of the vacation hearing, the assignments of error,4 and the Government’s response thereto. We have concluded that the vacation hearing conducted on 29 March 1996 and the results thereof were correct in law and fact and that no error materially prejudicial to the substantial rights of the petitioner was committed.

Assignment of Error I

The petitioner first contends that the evidence before the hearing officer at his vacation healing was insufficient to establish his guilt of the offense of using marijuana as alleged. Before vacation of a suspension of a general court-martial sentence may take place, “the officer having special courtmartial jurisdiction over the probationer shall personally hold a healing on the alleged violation of the conditions of suspension.” Rule for Courts-Martial 1109(d)(1)(A), Manual for Courts-Martial, United States (1995 ed.) [hereinafter R.C.M.]. See Art. 72(a), UCMJ, 10 U.S.C. § 872(a). The probationer is entitled to various due process rights, including notice of the hearing and the alleged violation, legal representation, and the opportunity to present evidence and cross-examine the witnesses against him. R.C.M. 1109(d)(1)(B). See United States v. Connell, 42 M.J. 462, 464 (1995). If the hearing officer is convinced that the probationer committed the misconduct in question “by a preponderance of the evidence,” United States v. Englert, 42 M.J. 827, 831 (N.M.Ct.Crim.App. 1995), he may recommend vacation of the suspension to the officer exercising general court-martial jurisdiction, who ultimately makes the decision whether or not to vacate the suspension. R.C.M. 1109(d)(2)(A).

On the evening of 13 January 1996, the petitioner was playing horseshoes in the minimum security annex courtyard with three fellow prisoners. Private Bellerose, another prisoner who was lifting weights nearby, believed that he smelled the aroma of marijuana coming from their general area. He also noticed that the players would slip away, one at a time, to go behind a shed. Private Bellerose revealed this information to the authorities as an anonymous informant. He also testified at the vacation hearing. Special Agent (SA) Harris, NCIS, subsequently investigated the tip by interrogating the petitioner and each of the persons whom he was with. In addition, brig security personnel conducted a “shakedown,” during which they discovered two suspicious plastic bags in one of the petitioner’s boots. Two drug detection dogs, Mona and Blitz, each alerted on the bags (indicating that they detected the scent of one of five illegal drugs), although subsequent laboratory tests could identify no contraband residue within. These dogs, highly trained and regularly certified, had a commendable track record for accuracy, approaching 100 percent. Despite the petitioner’s arguments to the contrary, we have no difficulty concluding that their alerting to the presence of the odor of a contraband substance in the baggies hidden in his boot was one of the “verified facts that show a violation of the UCMJ.” Englert, 42 M.J. at 831; United States v. Dupuis, 10 M.J. 650, 655 (N.C.M.R.1980).

Moreover, Private Rodriguez, one of the horseshoe players, admitted to SA Harris that he and the others had indeed been smoking marijuana that evening. He also stated that the petitioner had provided the marijuana joint they smoked. Other evidence indicated that the petitioner had sent nearly $500 to Jimmy Antley, a civilian friend and convicted drug user, who then visited him previous to the incident in question. The petitioner also admitted that, as a tractor driver, he could have gotten marijuana while outside the brig.

[656]*656There was also evidence which tended to indicate that the petitioner had not used marijuana. No drugs or residue were ever found. During his testimony at the vacation hearing, Private Rodriguez recanted his earlier statement to SA Harris that he had used marijuana on the occasion in question. Moreover, urinalysis tests conducted 6 days after the incident on each of those involved all proved negative. In addition, the petitioner testified at the vacation hearing that he never possessed or used any marijuana while in confinement. Finally, we recognize, as did the hearing officer, that the petitioner was within 2 months of completing his period of confinement, had purchased a non-refundable plane ticket home, and had definite plans for a bright and productive future.

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Bluebook (online)
46 M.J. 653, 1997 CCA LEXIS 137, 1997 WL 214815, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/hobdy-v-united-states-nmcca-1997.