OPINION
EASTAUGH, Justice.
I. INTRODUCTION
The main issue in this appeal is whether a landlord violates the anti-retaliation statute, AS 34.03.310(a)(2), of the Uniform Residential Landlord and Tenant Act (URLTA) by evicting a tenant who demands personal injury compensation following an on-premises slip and fall. The superior court held that it does not, and therefore granted a directed verdict to the landlord on the tenant's URL-TA retaliation claim. Because a claim for personal injury damages resulting from an on-premises fall is not for "rights and remedies granted" under URLTA,1 we affirm.
II. FACTS AND PROCEEDINGS
Richard Steve Helfrich was employed by the Valdez Motel Corporation to perform general repairs and maintenance for one of its properties, the Pipeline Inn.2 Helfrich rented a room at the Inn on a month-to-month basis at a reduced employee rate.
After finishing work on March 21, 2005, and while walking in an area behind the Inn, Helfrich slipped, fell, and broke his leg. Helfrich spent four or five days in hospitals in Valdez and Anchorage, returning to the Inn on March 24 or 25. He continued to reside at the Inn through May 2005. Helf-rich was initially unable to work, but at some point he resumed working for the Inn on a part-time basis.
Helfrich asserts on appeal, and Valdez Motel does not dispute, that he did not have health insurance or other means to pay his medical bills Mark Lee (Lee) and James "Bill" Lee are shareholders of the Valdez Motel Corporation. Helfrich testified in his deposition that he spoke with Bill Lee after returning from the hospital about how he "needed help with [his] medical bills." Helf-rich testified that the Lees never responded whether they were willing to help. Mark [555]*555Lee testified in his deposition that he paid for Helfrich's medicine and some of his trips to the doctor, and ensured that Helfrich had transportation to his medical appointments. Lee testified that he asked Helfrich whether he was "going to seek an attorney" and that Helfrich said he was not. Helfrich testified that he consulted attorney Tim Cook after he never heard back from the Lees about whether they would cover his medical expenses.
On May 26, 2005, Cook sent Mark Lee a demand letter on Helfrich's behalf, asserting that Valdez Motel was liable for "in excess of $40,000" in medical bills that Helfrich had incurred. Cook's letter asked the Lees to seek coverage with their insurance provider and concluded that it would be in Pipeline Inn's best interest "to accept responsibility and provide for [Helfrich's] care and settle this matter as expediently as possible." On June 1, 2005, Cook spoke with Mark Lee by telephone. Lee told Cook that Helfrich could continue to stay at the Inn, but that he could no longer stay at the reduced rental rate.3
Helfrich testified in his deposition that, on the same day Cook called Lee, Lee and Helfrich had a conversation in the hallway of the Inn. Helfrich testified that Lee told Helfrich that he wanted Helfrich off the premises as soon as possible and that he did not like getting threatening letters from attorneys. Helfrich testified that after the conversation he found a letter posted on the door to his room. The letter stated:
June 1, 2005
Steve,
I guess we should have learned from the past and had nothing to do with you, but that's not how we do things. Unfortunately, it has come back and bit us in the ass again and for that I thank you. I really don't appreciate getting a threatening letter from an attorney. I think at this[] point Steve, it is best you move out as fast as you can. I recommend perhaps moving in with whoever gave you such back stabbing advice. If no one, I guess it is time for a tent (on someone else's property). Mark
Helfrich testified that he packed his things and left the Inn within ten minutes of receiving the letter. He testified that he never approached Lee to ask if he could stay in his room either for the night or until he could make other living arrangements.
Cook wrote Lee a letter on June 2, 2005 confirming their June 1, 2005 conversation and urging Lee not to raise Helfrich's rent because it would likely render Helfrich homeless. Lee testified that at some point after Helfrich received Lee's letter and left the premises, Lee told Helfrich that he could stay if he paid increased rent. Lee testified in his deposition that he decided to raise the rent because Helfrich was no longer an employee. Lee testified that Helfrich was "let go" for lying about hiring an attorney and because he suspected that Helfrich was also lying about whether his fall was actually on Valdez Motel's property.
On June 8, 2005, Helfrich sued Valdez Motel in superior court, asserting both claims of negligence and claims of violations of URLTA.4 In August 2006 Helfrich sought partial summary judgment on the alleged URLTA violations. Helfrich argued that Valdez Motel unlawfully failed to provide him with a written eviction notice that met URL-TA's notice requirements.
The superior court denied Helfrich's motion for partial summary judgment in early December 2006. The court also denied Helf-rich's subsequent motion for reconsideration. The court clarified that a factual dispute barring judgment as a matter of law existed about the "nature of the purported June 1, 2005 eviction notice."
A three-day jury trial took place in May 2007. At the close of Helfrich's case, Valdez Motel moved for a directed verdict on Helf-rich's claims. The court denied Valdez Motel's directed verdict motion on the negligence claim, but granted Valdez Motel a [556]*556directed verdict on the URLTA and punitive damages claims. Helfrich had advanced two URLTA claims: (1) that the eviction was in retaliation for seeking remedies under URL-TA, and (2) that the eviction was a wrongful ouster. Only Helfrich's negligence claim was submitted to the jury, which returned a verdict finding that Valdez Motel was not Hable. The court later entered final judgment for Valdez Motel and awarded it Alaska Civil Rule 82 attorney's fees of $13,081.83.
Helfrich appeals the denial of his motion for partial summary judgment and the grant of Valdez Motel's motion for directed verdict on the URLTA claims. He does not appeal the grant of directed verdict on his punitive damages claim. He also asks us to reverse the attorney's fees award that Valdez Motel received as the prevailing party.
III. DISCUSSION
A. Standard of Review
We review a denial of summary judgment de novo, affirming only if a genuine issue of material fact exists or the moving party was not entitled to judgment as a matter of law.5
We view facts in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party.6
We review a grant of directed verdict de novo, affirming only if reasonable jurors could not reach a different conclusion.7 We view the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party.8
B. Helfrich's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment
Helfrich asks us to reverse the superior court's denial of his motion for partial summary judgment.
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OPINION
EASTAUGH, Justice.
I. INTRODUCTION
The main issue in this appeal is whether a landlord violates the anti-retaliation statute, AS 34.03.310(a)(2), of the Uniform Residential Landlord and Tenant Act (URLTA) by evicting a tenant who demands personal injury compensation following an on-premises slip and fall. The superior court held that it does not, and therefore granted a directed verdict to the landlord on the tenant's URL-TA retaliation claim. Because a claim for personal injury damages resulting from an on-premises fall is not for "rights and remedies granted" under URLTA,1 we affirm.
II. FACTS AND PROCEEDINGS
Richard Steve Helfrich was employed by the Valdez Motel Corporation to perform general repairs and maintenance for one of its properties, the Pipeline Inn.2 Helfrich rented a room at the Inn on a month-to-month basis at a reduced employee rate.
After finishing work on March 21, 2005, and while walking in an area behind the Inn, Helfrich slipped, fell, and broke his leg. Helfrich spent four or five days in hospitals in Valdez and Anchorage, returning to the Inn on March 24 or 25. He continued to reside at the Inn through May 2005. Helf-rich was initially unable to work, but at some point he resumed working for the Inn on a part-time basis.
Helfrich asserts on appeal, and Valdez Motel does not dispute, that he did not have health insurance or other means to pay his medical bills Mark Lee (Lee) and James "Bill" Lee are shareholders of the Valdez Motel Corporation. Helfrich testified in his deposition that he spoke with Bill Lee after returning from the hospital about how he "needed help with [his] medical bills." Helf-rich testified that the Lees never responded whether they were willing to help. Mark [555]*555Lee testified in his deposition that he paid for Helfrich's medicine and some of his trips to the doctor, and ensured that Helfrich had transportation to his medical appointments. Lee testified that he asked Helfrich whether he was "going to seek an attorney" and that Helfrich said he was not. Helfrich testified that he consulted attorney Tim Cook after he never heard back from the Lees about whether they would cover his medical expenses.
On May 26, 2005, Cook sent Mark Lee a demand letter on Helfrich's behalf, asserting that Valdez Motel was liable for "in excess of $40,000" in medical bills that Helfrich had incurred. Cook's letter asked the Lees to seek coverage with their insurance provider and concluded that it would be in Pipeline Inn's best interest "to accept responsibility and provide for [Helfrich's] care and settle this matter as expediently as possible." On June 1, 2005, Cook spoke with Mark Lee by telephone. Lee told Cook that Helfrich could continue to stay at the Inn, but that he could no longer stay at the reduced rental rate.3
Helfrich testified in his deposition that, on the same day Cook called Lee, Lee and Helfrich had a conversation in the hallway of the Inn. Helfrich testified that Lee told Helfrich that he wanted Helfrich off the premises as soon as possible and that he did not like getting threatening letters from attorneys. Helfrich testified that after the conversation he found a letter posted on the door to his room. The letter stated:
June 1, 2005
Steve,
I guess we should have learned from the past and had nothing to do with you, but that's not how we do things. Unfortunately, it has come back and bit us in the ass again and for that I thank you. I really don't appreciate getting a threatening letter from an attorney. I think at this[] point Steve, it is best you move out as fast as you can. I recommend perhaps moving in with whoever gave you such back stabbing advice. If no one, I guess it is time for a tent (on someone else's property). Mark
Helfrich testified that he packed his things and left the Inn within ten minutes of receiving the letter. He testified that he never approached Lee to ask if he could stay in his room either for the night or until he could make other living arrangements.
Cook wrote Lee a letter on June 2, 2005 confirming their June 1, 2005 conversation and urging Lee not to raise Helfrich's rent because it would likely render Helfrich homeless. Lee testified that at some point after Helfrich received Lee's letter and left the premises, Lee told Helfrich that he could stay if he paid increased rent. Lee testified in his deposition that he decided to raise the rent because Helfrich was no longer an employee. Lee testified that Helfrich was "let go" for lying about hiring an attorney and because he suspected that Helfrich was also lying about whether his fall was actually on Valdez Motel's property.
On June 8, 2005, Helfrich sued Valdez Motel in superior court, asserting both claims of negligence and claims of violations of URLTA.4 In August 2006 Helfrich sought partial summary judgment on the alleged URLTA violations. Helfrich argued that Valdez Motel unlawfully failed to provide him with a written eviction notice that met URL-TA's notice requirements.
The superior court denied Helfrich's motion for partial summary judgment in early December 2006. The court also denied Helf-rich's subsequent motion for reconsideration. The court clarified that a factual dispute barring judgment as a matter of law existed about the "nature of the purported June 1, 2005 eviction notice."
A three-day jury trial took place in May 2007. At the close of Helfrich's case, Valdez Motel moved for a directed verdict on Helf-rich's claims. The court denied Valdez Motel's directed verdict motion on the negligence claim, but granted Valdez Motel a [556]*556directed verdict on the URLTA and punitive damages claims. Helfrich had advanced two URLTA claims: (1) that the eviction was in retaliation for seeking remedies under URL-TA, and (2) that the eviction was a wrongful ouster. Only Helfrich's negligence claim was submitted to the jury, which returned a verdict finding that Valdez Motel was not Hable. The court later entered final judgment for Valdez Motel and awarded it Alaska Civil Rule 82 attorney's fees of $13,081.83.
Helfrich appeals the denial of his motion for partial summary judgment and the grant of Valdez Motel's motion for directed verdict on the URLTA claims. He does not appeal the grant of directed verdict on his punitive damages claim. He also asks us to reverse the attorney's fees award that Valdez Motel received as the prevailing party.
III. DISCUSSION
A. Standard of Review
We review a denial of summary judgment de novo, affirming only if a genuine issue of material fact exists or the moving party was not entitled to judgment as a matter of law.5
We view facts in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party.6
We review a grant of directed verdict de novo, affirming only if reasonable jurors could not reach a different conclusion.7 We view the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party.8
B. Helfrich's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment
Helfrich asks us to reverse the superior court's denial of his motion for partial summary judgment. He argues that the letter Lee posted on Helfrich's door on June 1, 2005 failed to satisfy the minimum provisions of URLTA9 and the forcible entry and de-tainer (FED) statutes regarding notices to quit. Helfrich implicitly contends that there was no genuine issue of material fact regarding whether the notice was a notice to quit governed by URLTA and the FED statutes, that it failed to satisfy the requirements of those statutes as a matter of law, and that he therefore was entitled to prevail as a matter of law on those claims. He asks that we remand to the superior court for determination of actual damages and award of costs and attorney's fees.
URLTA was adopted in Alaska to govern landlord-tenant disputes.10 We have held that URLTA should be harmonized with the FED statutes, which govern evictions.11
Generally, a landlord may not evict a tenant under the FED statutes unless the landlord first gives the tenant a "notice to quit," 12 otherwise known as an eviction notice. A notice to quit is a written demand for the tenant to vacate and surrender the property, thereby terminating the tenancy.13 The notice to quit must meet certain requirements. It must be in writing and must be delivered to the tenant, left at the premises, [557]*557or sent by registered or certified mail.14 The notice must tell the tenant why the landlord is terminating the tenancy, what the tenant may do to avoid termination if the breach or violation may be corrected, and the date and time of termination under the lease or rental agreement.15 The notice must direct the tenant to quit no later than the termination date under the lease or rental agreement.16 And the notice must notify the tenant that if the tenant remains in occupation after termination "the landlord may commence a civil action to remove the tenant ... and recover possession."17
URLTA also requires the landlord to give written notice of intent to terminate a tenancy.18 A landlord may terminate any tenancy if rent is unpaid when due and remains unpaid for seven days after the landlord provides the tenant with written notice that rent is due and that the landlord intends to terminate if the rent is not paid within that time.19 A landlord or tenant may also "terminate a month to month tenancy by a written notice given to the other at least 80 days before the rental due date specified in the notice."20
The parties disagreed in the superi- or court whether there was a genuine dispute of material fact about whether the letter Lee posted on Helfrich's door was an eviction notice, and, accordingly, disagreed whether the letter had to satisfy the FED and URL-TA notice requirements. Valdez Motel appeared to concede that, if the letter was found to be an eviction notice, it would be defective under URLTA as a matter of law. Helfrich argued that there was no dispute that the letter was an eviction notice because it demanded that he "move out as fast as you can," and because Lee desired that Helfrich comply with that demand.21 Valdez Motel responded that the letter was not an eviction notice, but an expression of Lee's thought or opinion that it would be best, given the "existing animosity between the parties," for Helfrich to move out. It argued that Helf-rich took the statement "move out as fast as you can" out of context in characterizing it as an "unequivocal demand." In support of its arguments, Valdez Motel noted that the sentence read in full: "I think at this point, Steve, it is best you move out as fast as you can."
The superior court denied Helfrich's motion for partial summary judgment and his motion for reconsideration. In denying Helf-rich's motion for reconsideration, the superi- or court stated that there was "a factual dispute as to the nature of the purported [558]*558June 1, 2005 eviction notice, such that entry of judgment as a matter of law was not appropriate."
We agree with the superior court's assessment and affirm the denial of summary judgment. Although a trier of fact might have concluded that the letter was an eviction notice, the letter's words and Lee's relevant deposition testimony 22 create a genuine issue of material fact as to whether the letter was an eviction notice that fell within the ambit of URLTA and the FED statutes. The trial court therefore properly denied summary judgment to Helfrich on this issue.23
C. Valdez Motel's Directed Verdict on Helfrich's URLTA Retaliation Claims
Helfrich argues that Valdez Motel violated URLTA's anti-retaliation provision and that the superior court therefore erred in granting Valdez Motel's motion for directed verdict on his URLTA retaliation claim.
Alaska Statute 34.03.810(a) prohibits a landlord from retaliating against a tenant "by increasing rent or decreasing services or by bringing or threatening to bring an action for possession affer the tenant has ... (2) sought to enforce rights and remedies granted the tenant under this chapter."24 Whether Helfrich's evietion violated the anti-retaliation statute depends on whether his lawyer's May 26, 2005 demand letter was an attempt to "enforce rights and remedies granted the tenant under [URLTA].25
URLTA requires that landlords maintain fit premises.26 Maintaining fit premises includes making all repairs and keeping the premises in a fit and habitable condition;27 keeping common areas clean and safe;28 keeping the electric, plumbing, heating, and like systems in good and safe working order and condition; 29 providing appropriate trash receptacles;30 providing essential services such as running water, hot water, and heat; 31 providing locks and keys when requested by the tenant;32 and providing smoke and carbon monoxide detectors.33 Tenants' remedies for landlords' noncompliance with AS 34.08.100(a) include terminating the tenancy and suing for damages or injunctive relief.34
[559]*559Helfrich essentially argues that his personal injury lawsuit asserts the right to safe common areas granted him by AS 34.03.100(a2a)(2) through the remedy of damages granted him by AS 34.08.160(b). He contends that either threatening to file or filing a lawsuit is therefore conduct protected from retaliation by AS 34.08.310(a)(2). Valdez Motel appears to respond that the right to be free of the landlord's negligence and the remedy of personal injury damages are granted not by URLTA, but by the state's general tort law, and that because Helfrich was not enforcing rights and remedies granted by URLTA, his conduct was not protected from retaliation by AS 84.08.810(a)(2).
We have said that the public policy behind AS 34.08.310 is to encourage tenants to "assert their rights under their leases and under the law." 35 But we have not determined the seope of conduct the statute protects.
We have emphasized that Alaska's adoption of URLTA "accord[ed] tenants previously unrecognized rights by recognizing the contractual nature of the landlord-tenant relationship."36 URLTA grants the tenant a right to require the landlord to "maintain fit premises"37 and provides a remedy for dam ages if the landlord fails to do so.38 But URLTA does not expressly grant the tenant a right to be free from the landlord's negligence or a remedy to recover consequential damages for personal injuries resulting from such negligence if fitness and habitability are not in issue. Nor does it do so implicitly. Alaska's tort law, not URLTA, confers this right and this remedy.
We conclude that tenants' personal injury claims seeking recovery for injuries resulting from landlords' alleged negligence do not "[seek] to enforce rights and remedies granted the tenant under [URLTA]"39 Alaska Statute 34.08.810(a)(2) therefore does not protect tenants from eviction if they threaten or file personal injury lawsuits.
There may be good policy reasons supporting a broader interpretation of subsection .810(a)(2). Tenants who file personal injury lawsuits seek damages for injuries resulting from past conditions, not for ongoing noncompliance with URLTA's duty to maintain premises safe and fit for habitation. Nonetheless, personal injury lawsuits or claims may motivate landlords to comply with URLTA-by maintaining safe premises-to avoid future litigation or even to mitigate dangerous conditions identified in the claim or lawsuit. Moreover, URLTA's anti-retaliation provision reflects our policy of encouraging tenants to "assert their rights under their leases and under the law." 40 Lawsuits under URLTA and lawsuits under state tort law both further that policy. Tenants who have not yet been injured are protected from retaliation if they threaten to sue or sue for rent abatement under AS 34.08.160(b) for landlords' ongoing noncompliance with URLTA's duty to maintain the premises. But tenants who have been injured and who choose to sue under tort law instead of URLTA also "assert their rights [560]*560under their leases and under the law." 41 As a matter of policy, those tenants are no less worthy of protection from retaliation.
Despite these considerations, we conclude that a narrower reading is more consistent with the text and structure of AS 34.03.310(a)(2). That subsection's plain text protects from retaliation only a tenant's actions to enforce rights and remedies under URLTA. URLTA's remedy for breach of the landlord's statutory duties under AS 34.03.100(a) and the common law tort remedy for personal injury damages are not the same. Other states have enacted versions of URLTA with broader protections. Oregon's statute prohibits retaliation against any tenant who "has performed or expressed intent to perform any other act for the purpose of asserting, protecting or invoking the protection of any right secured to tenants under any federal, state or local law." 42 The Alaska legislature could have adopted a similar protection but did not. We will not second guess that determination.
Our analysis is confirmed by our review of statutory schemes elsewhere. Several other states adopting URLTA have also adopted provisions similar to AS 84.03.810(q)(@).43 But none appears to have decided whether seeking compensation for personal injuries sustained as a result of a prior dangerous condition on the premises is protected conduct under the retaliatory eviction provision. New York's anti-retaliation statute, which is not based on URLTA, resembles AS 34.03.310 in specifying that tenant actions must vindicate legal rights protected by landlord-tenant laws to be protected from retaliation.44 A New York municipal court has held that this statute protects from retaliation only conduct related to tenants' contract actions to enforce rights related to the warranty of habitability, not tort actions seeking compensation for personal injury.45 New York's landlord-tenant law requires the landlord to keep the premises safe and fit for human habitation and entitles the tenant to damages for breach of this duty.46 In Peszo-lamella v. Galloway, a tenant threatened to sue in tort for damages after her child was injured when her kitchen ceiling collapsed.47 The tenant alleged that her landlord breached his duty under the landlord-tenant law to keep the premises safe and fit for human habitation. 48 The landlord subsequently commenced a summary eviction proceeding in which the tenant raised retaliation as an affirmative defense.49 The court rejected the tenant's argument that the lawsuit was an action to secure her rights under housing laws.50 It therefore held that threatening to file the lawsuit was not conduct protected from retaliation and that the landlord did not violate the statute by evicting the tenant.51
Helfrich's purported eviction occurred after he requested compensation for personal injuries allegedly suffered as a result of Valdez Motel's negligence. Because we have held that claims for compensation [561]*561for personal injuries are not protected by URLTA's anti-retaliation statute, we must next determine whether Helfrich's pre-eviction demands asserted any other "rights and remedies granted" by URLTA.52
On appeal Helfrich alleges that Valdez Motel failed to comply with the requirement that it "keep all common areas of the premises in a clean and safe condition."53 But the demand letter Helfrich's attorney sent did not explicitly or implicitly threaten to sue for noncompliance with the requirements contained in AS 34.03.100(a). The letter did refer to common law tort duties by stating that "liability in this case is fairly straightforward. An innkeeper has a clear duty under Alaska law to maintain safe conditions for their lodgers." The letter also urged Valdez Motel to seek coverage for Helfrich's "expenses and damages" from its "insurance provider," and Helfrich's subsequent complaint referred to the request for "reimburse{ment]" for "damages" from Valdez Motel's "insurance carrier." In context the demand letter refers to a liability insurer covering tort claims for negligently caused damages.
Likewise, the letter refers to typical personal injury remedies for an on-premises slip and fall: out-of-pocket medical expenses plus unspecified "damages." The demand letter did not explicitly refer to or implicitly invoke any statutory URLTA remedy. Its exclusive focus was on recovery of what would be considered common law tort damages. A tenant may sue under URLTA to "recover damages and obtain injunctive relief for any noncompliance by the landlord with ... AS 34.03.100...." But remedies for a landlord's noncompliance with URLTA generally relate to habitability or fitness disputes. URLTA damages compensate tenants who live with conditions that render a dwelling unfit, uninhabitable, or unsafe, or who are constructively evicted by those conditions.54 Fault is irrelevant to such URLTA claims.55 Common law tort remedies compensate plaintiffs for consequential damages resulting from personal injury, including medical expenses, loss of employment or lack of income, and pain and suffering. Helfrich's attorney's demand letter did not seek any URLTA-spe-cific remedies, such as rent abatement or in-junctive relief. Instead it requested compensation for Helfrich's medical expenses and "damages," noting that as a result of the accident Helfrich was unable to work and continued to suffer pain and interference with normal activities. Likewise, it asserted that Helfrich fell on an icy pathway "that was clearly dangerous." It therefore made out a claim of fault, implying that the landlord was negligent.
Helfrich could have threatened to sue under both tort law and URLTA, but only invoked rights granted by Alaska's tort law and only sought typical common law tort remedies. Helfrich's attorney's demand letter did not, in the words of AS 34.08.310(2)(2), seek "to enforce rights and remedies granted" under URLTA.56
We conclude that subsection .310(a)(2) is inapplicable as a matter of law, and that no reasonable juror could find any facts that would support a verdict for Helf-rich on his retaliation claim.57 We therefore [562]*562hold that the superior court did not err in granting Valdez Motel's motion for directed verdict on Helfrich's URLTA claims.58
D. Rule 82 Attorney's Fees
The trial court awarded Valdez Motel, as the prevailing party, attorney's fees under Alaska Rule of Civil Procedure 82.59 Helfrich appears to argue that we should reverse that award because Valdez Motel should not have prevailed. Because the superior court did not err in denying Helfrich's motion for summary judgment and granting Valdez Motel's motion for directed verdict, Valdez Motel was the prevailing party. Valdez Motel was therefore entitled to recover Rule 82 attorney's fees.60
IV. CONCLUSION
The superior court orders denying Helf-rich's motion for partial summary judgment, granting Valdez Motel's motion for directed verdict, and awarding attorney's fees are AFFIRMED.
WINFREE, Justice, with whom CARPENETI, Justice, joins, dissenting in part.