1 WO 2 3 4 5 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA
9 Lawrence James Halamek, No. CV-21-00485-TUC-JGZ No. CR-17-00477-TUC-JGZ 10 Movant, ORDER 11 v.
12 United States of America,
13 Respondent. 14 15 On April 19, 2019, a jury found Movant Lawrence James Halamek guilty of 16 Transportation of a Minor with Intent to Engage in Criminal Sexual Activity in violation 17 of 18 U.S.C. § 2423(a) (Count One), and Travel with Intent to Engage in Illicit Sexual 18 Activity in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2423(b) (Count Two). (CR Docs. 10 and 127.)1 19 Halamek received sentences of 420 months’ imprisonment on Count One and 360 months’ 20 imprisonment on Count Two, with the terms to run concurrently, followed by lifetime 21 supervised release. (CR Docs. 145, 183.) 22 Now pending before the Court is Halamek’s Motion to Vacate, Set Aside, or Correct 23 Judgment and Sentence pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255. (CV Doc. 1.) The Government filed 24 a response to the Motion. (CV Doc. 5.) Upon consideration of the record and the parties’ 25 briefing, the Court will deny the Motion and the request for evidentiary hearing. 26 // 27 1 Citations to “CV Doc.” refer to the docket entries in the civil case: CV-21-00485-TUC- 28 JGZ. Citations to “CR Doc.” refer to the underlying criminal prosecution: CR-17-00477- TUC-JGZ. 1 I. Background and Motion 2 The facts of the case are set forth in the Ninth Circuit’s opinion affirming Halamek’s 3 conviction on direct appeal. See United States v. Halamek, 5 F.4th 1081, 1085–86 (9th 4 Cir. 2021). In his § 2255 motion, Halamek asserts one ground of ineffective assistance of 5 counsel with eight subparts. Halamek alleges his attorney (1) was not on the case long 6 enough to fully and properly prepare for trial; (2) did not bring disclosure case files to 7 review; (3) did not prepare him for trial; (4) went against his requests to have witnesses 8 testify on his behalf at trial; (5) did not admit evidence on his behalf; and (6) did not “object 9 to things on many levels especially swaying of the jury.” (CV Doc. 1 at 5.) Further, 10 Halamek alleges his attorney (7) admitted to having a prior intimate relationship with one 11 of the prosecutors on the case and (8) told Halamek that he (the attorney) would be 12 ineffective because of his inability to prepare in the short time he had been on the case prior 13 to trial. (Id.) 14 The Government argues Halamek’s Motion should be dismissed and his request for 15 hearing should be denied because Halamek’s allegations lack evidentiary support and are 16 conclusory. The Government attaches to its Response the affidavit of Halamek’s trial 17 counsel refuting Halamek’s claims. 18 II. Discussion 19 a. Legal Standards 20 Criminal defendants are entitled to effective assistance of counsel under the Sixth 21 Amendment. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 684–85 (1984). To prove ineffective 22 assistance of counsel, a movant must demonstrate: (1) counsel’s performance was 23 deficient; and (2) the deficient performance prejudiced the defense. Id. at 687. There is “a 24 strong presumption that counsel’s conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable 25 professional assistance.” Id. at 689. “To prove deficient performance, the movant must 26 show that counsel made errors so serious that performance fell below an objective standard 27 reasonableness under prevailing professional norms.” Mak v. Blodgett, 970 F.2d 614, 618 28 (9th Cir. 1992). To prove prejudice, the movant must “show that there is a reasonable 1 probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would 2 have been different.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694. Because the defendant must prove both 3 deficiency and prejudice, a court “need not determine whether counsel’s performance was 4 deficient before examining the prejudice suffered by the defendant as a result of the alleged 5 deficiencies.” Id. at 697. 6 b. Analysis 7 i. Ineffective Council 8 Halamek fails to satisfy his burden under either Strickland prong. Halamek fails to 9 allege specific errors that his counsel made which were so serious that his performance fell 10 below an objective standard of prevailing professional norms. Halamek similarly fails to 11 demonstrate that he was prejudiced by counsel’s alleged deficiencies. 12 Halamek’s allegations of ineffective assistance are vague and conclusory and do not 13 show that Halamek is entitled to relief. See James v. Borg, 24 F.3d 20, 26 (9th Cir. 1994) 14 (“Conclusory allegations which are not supported by a statement of specific facts do not 15 warrant habeas relief.”). Halamek asserts that counsel was not on the case long enough to 16 prepare for trial, did not bring disclosure or case files for Halamek to review, and did not 17 prepare him for trial. But Halamek does not explain how counsel was not prepared for 18 trial, what disclosure he did not see, nor how his attorney failed to prepare him for trial. 19 Halamek asserts that counsel went against his requests to have witnesses testify on his 20 behalf and did not admit evidence on his behalf. But Halamek does not identify the 21 witnesses who should have been called, the testimony they would have given, nor identify 22 the evidence that should have been admitted. Similarly, Halamek fails to identify where 23 his counsel failed to “object to things.” (CV Doc. 1 at 5.) As a result, the Court cannot 24 conclude that counsel’s performance was deficient or that Halamek was prejudiced by this 25 alleged deficient conduct. 26 Further, Halamek’s unsupported allegations that his attorney admitted to having a 27 prior intimate relationship with one of the prosecutors and predicted he would be 28 ineffective because of insufficient time to prepare for trial, are refuted by the affidavit of 1 his attorney. (CV Doc. 5-1.) See Watts v. United States, 841 F.2d 275, 276 (9th Cir. 1989) 2 (“Under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 a judge may hear a motion by expanding the record with 3 documentary testimony and evidence” including affidavits of the movant’s trial counsel 4 submitted by the government.). Moreover, even if Halamek’s allegation that his counsel 5 had a relationship with the prosecutor was true, Halamek does not provide any specifics 6 about the relationship such as the nature or recency of the relationship sufficient to show a 7 conflict existed or that he was prejudiced by the alleged conflict. See Cuyler v. Sullivan, 8 446 U.S. 335, 348 (1980) (“[A] defendant who raised no objection at trial must demonstrate 9 that an actual conflict of interest adversely affected his lawyer's performance.”). 10 Halamek’s conclusory allegations of a conflict of interest and his attorney’s prediction that 11 he would be ineffective, are refuted by the sworn affidavit of Halamek’s attorney. 12 Nonetheless, the allegations are insufficient, in and of themselves, to support a claim that 13 counsel’s performance was deficient or that Halamek was prejudiced.
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1 WO 2 3 4 5 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA
9 Lawrence James Halamek, No. CV-21-00485-TUC-JGZ No. CR-17-00477-TUC-JGZ 10 Movant, ORDER 11 v.
12 United States of America,
13 Respondent. 14 15 On April 19, 2019, a jury found Movant Lawrence James Halamek guilty of 16 Transportation of a Minor with Intent to Engage in Criminal Sexual Activity in violation 17 of 18 U.S.C. § 2423(a) (Count One), and Travel with Intent to Engage in Illicit Sexual 18 Activity in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2423(b) (Count Two). (CR Docs. 10 and 127.)1 19 Halamek received sentences of 420 months’ imprisonment on Count One and 360 months’ 20 imprisonment on Count Two, with the terms to run concurrently, followed by lifetime 21 supervised release. (CR Docs. 145, 183.) 22 Now pending before the Court is Halamek’s Motion to Vacate, Set Aside, or Correct 23 Judgment and Sentence pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255. (CV Doc. 1.) The Government filed 24 a response to the Motion. (CV Doc. 5.) Upon consideration of the record and the parties’ 25 briefing, the Court will deny the Motion and the request for evidentiary hearing. 26 // 27 1 Citations to “CV Doc.” refer to the docket entries in the civil case: CV-21-00485-TUC- 28 JGZ. Citations to “CR Doc.” refer to the underlying criminal prosecution: CR-17-00477- TUC-JGZ. 1 I. Background and Motion 2 The facts of the case are set forth in the Ninth Circuit’s opinion affirming Halamek’s 3 conviction on direct appeal. See United States v. Halamek, 5 F.4th 1081, 1085–86 (9th 4 Cir. 2021). In his § 2255 motion, Halamek asserts one ground of ineffective assistance of 5 counsel with eight subparts. Halamek alleges his attorney (1) was not on the case long 6 enough to fully and properly prepare for trial; (2) did not bring disclosure case files to 7 review; (3) did not prepare him for trial; (4) went against his requests to have witnesses 8 testify on his behalf at trial; (5) did not admit evidence on his behalf; and (6) did not “object 9 to things on many levels especially swaying of the jury.” (CV Doc. 1 at 5.) Further, 10 Halamek alleges his attorney (7) admitted to having a prior intimate relationship with one 11 of the prosecutors on the case and (8) told Halamek that he (the attorney) would be 12 ineffective because of his inability to prepare in the short time he had been on the case prior 13 to trial. (Id.) 14 The Government argues Halamek’s Motion should be dismissed and his request for 15 hearing should be denied because Halamek’s allegations lack evidentiary support and are 16 conclusory. The Government attaches to its Response the affidavit of Halamek’s trial 17 counsel refuting Halamek’s claims. 18 II. Discussion 19 a. Legal Standards 20 Criminal defendants are entitled to effective assistance of counsel under the Sixth 21 Amendment. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 684–85 (1984). To prove ineffective 22 assistance of counsel, a movant must demonstrate: (1) counsel’s performance was 23 deficient; and (2) the deficient performance prejudiced the defense. Id. at 687. There is “a 24 strong presumption that counsel’s conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable 25 professional assistance.” Id. at 689. “To prove deficient performance, the movant must 26 show that counsel made errors so serious that performance fell below an objective standard 27 reasonableness under prevailing professional norms.” Mak v. Blodgett, 970 F.2d 614, 618 28 (9th Cir. 1992). To prove prejudice, the movant must “show that there is a reasonable 1 probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would 2 have been different.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694. Because the defendant must prove both 3 deficiency and prejudice, a court “need not determine whether counsel’s performance was 4 deficient before examining the prejudice suffered by the defendant as a result of the alleged 5 deficiencies.” Id. at 697. 6 b. Analysis 7 i. Ineffective Council 8 Halamek fails to satisfy his burden under either Strickland prong. Halamek fails to 9 allege specific errors that his counsel made which were so serious that his performance fell 10 below an objective standard of prevailing professional norms. Halamek similarly fails to 11 demonstrate that he was prejudiced by counsel’s alleged deficiencies. 12 Halamek’s allegations of ineffective assistance are vague and conclusory and do not 13 show that Halamek is entitled to relief. See James v. Borg, 24 F.3d 20, 26 (9th Cir. 1994) 14 (“Conclusory allegations which are not supported by a statement of specific facts do not 15 warrant habeas relief.”). Halamek asserts that counsel was not on the case long enough to 16 prepare for trial, did not bring disclosure or case files for Halamek to review, and did not 17 prepare him for trial. But Halamek does not explain how counsel was not prepared for 18 trial, what disclosure he did not see, nor how his attorney failed to prepare him for trial. 19 Halamek asserts that counsel went against his requests to have witnesses testify on his 20 behalf and did not admit evidence on his behalf. But Halamek does not identify the 21 witnesses who should have been called, the testimony they would have given, nor identify 22 the evidence that should have been admitted. Similarly, Halamek fails to identify where 23 his counsel failed to “object to things.” (CV Doc. 1 at 5.) As a result, the Court cannot 24 conclude that counsel’s performance was deficient or that Halamek was prejudiced by this 25 alleged deficient conduct. 26 Further, Halamek’s unsupported allegations that his attorney admitted to having a 27 prior intimate relationship with one of the prosecutors and predicted he would be 28 ineffective because of insufficient time to prepare for trial, are refuted by the affidavit of 1 his attorney. (CV Doc. 5-1.) See Watts v. United States, 841 F.2d 275, 276 (9th Cir. 1989) 2 (“Under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 a judge may hear a motion by expanding the record with 3 documentary testimony and evidence” including affidavits of the movant’s trial counsel 4 submitted by the government.). Moreover, even if Halamek’s allegation that his counsel 5 had a relationship with the prosecutor was true, Halamek does not provide any specifics 6 about the relationship such as the nature or recency of the relationship sufficient to show a 7 conflict existed or that he was prejudiced by the alleged conflict. See Cuyler v. Sullivan, 8 446 U.S. 335, 348 (1980) (“[A] defendant who raised no objection at trial must demonstrate 9 that an actual conflict of interest adversely affected his lawyer's performance.”). 10 Halamek’s conclusory allegations of a conflict of interest and his attorney’s prediction that 11 he would be ineffective, are refuted by the sworn affidavit of Halamek’s attorney. 12 Nonetheless, the allegations are insufficient, in and of themselves, to support a claim that 13 counsel’s performance was deficient or that Halamek was prejudiced. 14 Finally, weighing the conclusory and unsupported general allegations of 15 incompetence against the strength of the evidence against Halamek at trial, the Court 16 concludes that Halamek has failed to show that there is a reasonable probability that, if 17 counsel committed the errors described in his motion, the result of the proceeding would 18 have been different. See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694; see also U.S. v. Hearst, 638 F.3d 19 1190, 1194 (9th Cir. 1980) (“Merely conclusionary statements in a § 2255 motion are not 20 enough to require a hearing,” and factual allegations that are so palpably incredible, so 21 patently frivolous or false, do not entitle a movant to relief.) (cleaned up). 22 ii. Petition for Hearing 23 “A district court may . . . deny a § 2255 motion without an evidentiary hearing [if] 24 the motion and the files and records of the case conclusively show that the prisoner is 25 entitled to no relief.” U.S. v. Quan, 789 F.2d 711, 715 (9th Cir. 1986). “Where a prisoner’s 26 motion presents no more than conclusory allegations, unsupported by facts and refuted by 27 the record, an evidentiary hearing is not required.” Id. Applying these standards, the Court 28 concludes Halamek is not entitled to an evidentiary hearing. 1 iii. Certificate of Appealability 2 Before Petitioner can appeal this Court’s judgment, a certificate of appealability 3 (COA) must issue. See 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c); Fed. R. App. P. 22(b)(1); Rule 11(a) of the 4 Rules Governing Section 2255 Cases. “The district court must issue or deny a certification 5 of appealability when it enters a final order adverse to the applicant.” Rule 11(a) of the 6 Rules Governing Section 2255 Cases. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2), a COA may 7 issue only when the movant “has made a substantial showing of the denial of a 8 constitutional right.” The court must indicate which specific issues satisfy this showing. 9 See 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(3). With respect to claims rejected on the merits, a petitioner “must 10 demonstrate that reasonable jurists would find the district court’s assessment of the 11 constitutional claims debatable or wrong.” Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000). 12 For procedural rulings, a COA will issue only if reasonable jurists could debate whether 13 the petition states a valid claim of the denial of a constitutional right and whether the court’s 14 procedural ruling was correct. Id. Applying these standards, the Court concludes that a 15 certificate should not issue. Resolution of this petition is not debatable among reasonable 16 jurists. 17 III. Conclusion 18 Halamek fails to show that counsel made errors so serious that counsel’s 19 performance fell below an objective standard of reasonableness under prevailing 20 professional norms. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688. Halamek similarly fails to demonstrate 21 that, considering the totality of the evidence, “there is a reasonable probability that but for 22 counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. Id. 23 // 24 // 25 // 26 // 27 // 28 // at 694-95. Halamek is not entitled to an evidentiary hearing on his motion. 2 For the foregoing reasons, 3 IT IS ORDERED Petitioner’s Motion to Vacate, Set Aside, or Correct Sentence by 4|| a person in Federal Custody (CV Doc. 1; CR Doc. 185) is DENIED, and the civil action 5 || opened in connection with this motion (CV 21-00485-TUC-JGZ) is DISMISSED. 6 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that a Certificate of Appealability is DENIED. The 7\| Clerk of Court must enter judgment accordingly and close its file in this civil action. 8 Dated this 5th day of August, 2022. 9 10 □ ll pote Soipe 1 ; Honorable Jennife ve Zipps United States District Judge 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
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