Guzman v. Sartin

31 So. 3d 426, 2009 La.App. 1 Cir. 1677, 2009 La. App. LEXIS 2233, 2009 WL 5646504
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedDecember 23, 2009
Docket2009 CU 1677
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 31 So. 3d 426 (Guzman v. Sartin) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Guzman v. Sartin, 31 So. 3d 426, 2009 La.App. 1 Cir. 1677, 2009 La. App. LEXIS 2233, 2009 WL 5646504 (La. Ct. App. 2009).

Opinions

GUIDRY, J.

|2In this action seeking to set specific custody and incidental matters, defendant, Mariana De La Cruz Sartin, appeals from a final judgment in favor of plaintiff, Rafael A. Guzman. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

Mr. Guzman and Ms. Sartin were married on June 21, 1995, in the Municipality of Barata of the State of Republic of Vene[428]*428zuela. Two children were born of their union, Ivonne Guzman (d/o/b November 3, 1994) and Gabriel Guzman (d/o/b May 15, 1997). On May 23, 2001, the parties were divorced in Venezuela, and Ms. Sartin was awarded custody of the children, while Mr. Guzman enjoyed an open visitation schedule to conform to his military duties.

In December of 2007, Ms. Sartin and the children moved from Venezuela to Slidell, Louisiana. According to Mr. Guzman, sometime thereafter he began encountering problems when he attempted to visit his children. He subsequently filed a verified petition to set specific custody and incidental matters, seeking to have the court in St. Tammany Parish modify the original Venezuelan judgment. On April 29, 2009, Mr. Guzman filed a motion to supplement and amend the original petition, to request the enforcement of visitation, and to seek attorney’s fees and incidental relief.

After Mr. Guzman filed his original petition, the trial court ordered that he and Ms. Sartin appear in person, with then-respective attorneys, before a hearing officer at the parish courthouse. The conference was held on May 4, 2009, and the parties addressed the issues raised in Mr. Guzman’s petition. Following the conference, the hearing officer issued a conference report recommending that the parties share joint custody of the minor children, designating Ms. Sartin as the domiciliary parent, setting a specific visitation schedule, and issuing co-parenting |3guidelines. Both parties filed objections in response to the recommendations made in the hearing officer’s report.

On June 18, 2009, the parties participated in another conference before the hearing officer to address the issues raised in Mr. Guzman’s motion to supplement and amend his original petition. After the conference, the hearing officer issued a report finding that Mr. Guzman’s request for additional visitation was moot and denying his request for reimbursement for costs, attorney’s fees, and travel expenses as it related to the April 2009 visitation. Thereafter, Ms. Sartin filed an objection to the hearing officer’s report asserting that the court lacked venue, that the action was premature, and that Mr. Guzman has no cause of action or no right of action. In addition to the objection, Ms. Sartin filed exceptions raising the objections of improper venue, prematurity, no cause of action or no right of action.

Following a hearing on the matters presented in the petitions and exceptions, the trial court rendered judgment on July 20, 2009, in favor of Mr. Guzman and denied Ms. Sartin’s exceptions.1 Ms. Sartin now appeals from this judgment.

DISCUSSION

In her assignments of error, Ms. Sartin contends that the trial court erred in overruling her exceptions raising the objections of improper venue, prematurity, no cause of action, and no right of action. She also contends that the trial court erred in enforcing and modifying the foreign judgment.

Jurisdiction

We will first discuss Ms. Sartin’s contention that the trial court erred in enforcing and modifying the foreign judgment because this contention relates to whether the trial court had subject matter jurisdiction over the action. Specifi[429]*429cally, |4she avers that Mr. Guzman failed to make the foreign judgment executory in the State of Louisiana in accordance with Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure article 2541 2 or Louisiana Revised Statute 13:4242.3 However, out-of-state child custody determinations are specifically governed by the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act (hereinafter referred to as the UCCJEA) found in Louisiana Revised Statute 13:1801— 1842, which sets forth specific rules regarding the recognition, modification, and enforcement of child custody determinations. This statute applies to international cases as well as domestic cases.4 The purpose of the UCCJEA is to “provide clearer standards for which States can exercise original jurisdiction over a child custody determination.”5

The Venezuelan judgment determined the custody of the two children, awarding Ms. Sartin custody while Mr. Guzman was to enjoy an open visitation schedule to conform to his military duties. Mr. Guzman now seeks to modify that custody determination to provide for more structured visitation. The UCCJEA does not require that an out of state custody determination be made executory to be enforceable. See La. R.S. 13:1825. Thus, the UCCJEA, as the more specific law on this issue, applies to the instant case.

|sMs. Sartin further avers that Mr. Guzman failed to register the Venezuelan custody determination in accordance with the UCCJEA. The UCCJEA permits registration of an out of state custody determination.6 Louisiana Revised Statute 13:1827 provides in pertinent part that “[a] child custody determination issued by a court of another state may7 be registered in this state, with or without a simultaneous request for enforcement ...” This statute also applies to child custody determinations made in foreign countries.8

[430]*430However, a clear reading of the UC-CJEA demonstrates that the legislature did not intend to mandate that parties register their out-of-state child custody determination for the determination to be recognized, enforced, and modified under the laws of this state. The use of the word may in the statute indicates that registration of the judgment is permissive, not mandatory. In accordance with the UC-CJEA, a court of this state has a duty to recognize and enforce an out-of-state child custody determination if the other state exercised jurisdiction in compliance with the UCCJEA or the determination was made under factual circumstances complying with the jurisdictional standards of this Act and the determination has not been modified in accordance with the Act. La. R.S. 13:1825(A).

Here, the judgment rendered in the Bo-livarian Republic of Venezuela complied with the jurisdictional standards of the UCCJEA in that Venezuela was the parties’ and the children’s domicile when the judgment was rendered. Therefore, a court of this state has a duty to recognize and enforce the Venezuelan | (¡custody determination. It also has the power to modify this properly recognizable and enforceable judgment if the requisites for modification under the statute are complied with.

In the instant case, Mr. Guzman is in fact seeking to modify the Venezuelan judgment. Louisiana Revised Statute 13:1815 provides that a court of this state has jurisdiction to modify a child custody determination under the following circumstances:

Except as otherwise provided in R.S. 13:1816, a court of this state may not modify a child custody determination made by a court of another state unless a court of this state has jurisdiction to make an initial determination under R.S. 13:1813(A)(1) or (2) and:

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Guzman v. Sartin
31 So. 3d 426 (Louisiana Court of Appeal, 2009)

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Bluebook (online)
31 So. 3d 426, 2009 La.App. 1 Cir. 1677, 2009 La. App. LEXIS 2233, 2009 WL 5646504, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/guzman-v-sartin-lactapp-2009.