USCA4 Appeal: 24-1778 Doc: 32 Filed: 11/05/2025 Pg: 1 of 7
UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 24-1778
GURWINDER SINGH,
Petitioner,
v.
PAMELA JO BONDI, Attorney General,
Respondent.
On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals.
Argued: September 9, 2025 Decided: November 5, 2025
Before WILKINSON, NIEMEYER, and KING, Circuit Judges.
Petition for review denied by unpublished per curiam opinion.
ARGUED: Guido Moreira, LAW OFFICE OF GUIDO MOREIRA, Brooklyn, New York, for Appellant. Ilana Joslyn Snyder, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C., for Respondent. ON BRIEF: Sam H. Hasan, HASAN LAW GROUP PLLC, Falls Church, Virginia, for Petitioner. Brian Boynton, Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Anthony P. Nicastro, Assistant Director, Office of Immigration Litigation, Civil Division, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C., for Respondent.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. USCA4 Appeal: 24-1778 Doc: 32 Filed: 11/05/2025 Pg: 2 of 7
PER CURIAM:
Gurwinder Singh petitions for review of a final removal order of the Board of
Immigration Appeals (“BIA”), affirming an Immigration Judge (“IJ”) who ruled that Singh
knowingly filed a frivolous asylum application and is, as a result, ineligible for relief under
the Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”). Singh also challenges the BIA’s denial of
his motion for a remand to the IJ, in order to allow him to pursue two additional claims —
a withholding of removal and protection under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”).
As explained herein, because there was no error in either of the challenged rulings, we deny
Singh’s petition for review.
I.
A.
We begin with Singh’s challenge to the IJ and the BIA’s determination that Singh
filed a frivolous asylum application. A noncitizen who “has knowingly made a frivolous
application for asylum,” after receiving notice of the potential consequences, “shall be
permanently ineligible for any benefits under” the INA. See 8 U.S.C. § 1158(d)(6). Put
simply, “an asylum application is frivolous ‘if any of its material elements is deliberately
fabricated.’” See Ndibu v. Lynch, 823 F.3d 229, 234 (4th Cir. 2016) (quoting 8 C.F.R.
§ 1208.20); see also Matter of Y-L-, 24 I. & N. Dec. 151, 155 (BIA 2007).
Of relevance to this challenge, Singh legally entered the United States and
proceeded to file an application for asylum in July 2000, declaring that he had been
physically harmed by the Indian police after the arrest and subsequent disappearance of his
2 USCA4 Appeal: 24-1778 Doc: 32 Filed: 11/05/2025 Pg: 3 of 7
brother who, according to Singh, had been targeted for political activities. Therein, Singh
also asserted that he was beaten by the Indian police when he himself became politically
active. Singh further claimed that he had been working as a farmer in India. Following an
interview with an asylum officer, Singh’s application for asylum was granted in November
2000. Continuing to rely on the sworn representations made to support his asylum claim,
Singh successfully adjusted his status to Lawful Permanent Resident in 2006, and
eventually filed to become an American citizen in 2011.
Notably, it was not until Singh was confronted with evidence of fraud by a
Citizenship and Immigration Services officer in a 2013 naturalization interview —
approximately 13 years after his asylum application had been granted — that Singh
confessed. He then acknowledged that most of the material facts asserted in support of his
earlier asylum application were entirely false. Indeed, Singh’s brother was neither missing,
arrested, nor politically active in India. The brother had lived in the United States in the
1990s. Likewise, Singh revealed that he was never arrested and had not been politically
active in India. Singh also admitted to concealing other facts that could have undermined
his asylum award, including that he had served in the Indian military for several years prior
to his arrival here in 2000, and that he had not been working as a farmer in India.
Of utmost importance here, in response to a Notice to Appear issued by the
Department of Homeland Security, Singh conceded through his counsel in 2014 that he
was removable as then charged, and admitted that he had “procured [his] admission, visa,
adjustment, or other documentation or benefit by . . . willfully misrepresenting a material
fact, to wit asylum and lawful permanent residence in the United States.” See J.A. 1301,
3 USCA4 Appeal: 24-1778 Doc: 32 Filed: 11/05/2025 Pg: 4 of 7
1294. 1 Notwithstanding that major concession and his other false statements in connection
with his asylum application, Singh now relies primarily on a single out-of-circuit decision
to argue that his series of misrepresentations were not actually material, because he was
then and there otherwise eligible for asylum based on his fear of being persecuted in India
for his Sikh religion.
In the Sixth Circuit’s decision in Yousif v. Lynch, 796 F.3d 622 (6th Cir. 2015),
petitioner Yousif’s asylum application contained fabricated statements regarding specific
instances of torture. The application, however, was founded on Yousif’s perilous religious
status as a Chaldean Christian in Iraq. Id. at 626-27. And there was no dispute at the time
of Yousif’s petition that his status would have subjected him to religious persecution if he
was returned to Iraq. Id. at 628. As a result, the court of appeals directed a remand to the
BIA for further consideration of whether Yousif was eligible for asylum based on his status
as a Chaldean Christian alone — that is, whether the then-current conditions in Iraq had
also existed when Yousif filed his asylum application several years earlier. Id. at 636.
In addition to being non-binding on our Court, the Yousif decision is otherwise
inapplicable here. As explained above, Singh’s asylum application was predicated on
falsely manufactured events about his brother’s torture and disappearance, along with an
invented accounting of Singh’s own arrest, torture, and political activities. Excising these
false statements, Singh’s asylum application offered no additional information concerning
1 Citations to “J.A. ___” refer to the contents of the Joint Appendix filed by the parties in this appeal.
4 USCA4 Appeal: 24-1778 Doc: 32 Filed: 11/05/2025 Pg: 5 of 7
conditions in India for Sikhs at the time of his asylum application, or that confirmed
Singh’s fear of practicing his religion in India. Because the plain import of Singh’s asylum
application was his fear of past persecution relating to his and his family’s now-admittedly
falsified political activities, his series of fabrications were critically influential to the
asylum application decisionmaker. See Kungys v. United States, 485 U.S. 759, 770 (1988)
(establishing in an immigration context that a “concealment or misrepresentation is
material if it has a natural tendency to influence, or was capable of influencing, the decision
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USCA4 Appeal: 24-1778 Doc: 32 Filed: 11/05/2025 Pg: 1 of 7
UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 24-1778
GURWINDER SINGH,
Petitioner,
v.
PAMELA JO BONDI, Attorney General,
Respondent.
On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals.
Argued: September 9, 2025 Decided: November 5, 2025
Before WILKINSON, NIEMEYER, and KING, Circuit Judges.
Petition for review denied by unpublished per curiam opinion.
ARGUED: Guido Moreira, LAW OFFICE OF GUIDO MOREIRA, Brooklyn, New York, for Appellant. Ilana Joslyn Snyder, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C., for Respondent. ON BRIEF: Sam H. Hasan, HASAN LAW GROUP PLLC, Falls Church, Virginia, for Petitioner. Brian Boynton, Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Anthony P. Nicastro, Assistant Director, Office of Immigration Litigation, Civil Division, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C., for Respondent.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. USCA4 Appeal: 24-1778 Doc: 32 Filed: 11/05/2025 Pg: 2 of 7
PER CURIAM:
Gurwinder Singh petitions for review of a final removal order of the Board of
Immigration Appeals (“BIA”), affirming an Immigration Judge (“IJ”) who ruled that Singh
knowingly filed a frivolous asylum application and is, as a result, ineligible for relief under
the Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”). Singh also challenges the BIA’s denial of
his motion for a remand to the IJ, in order to allow him to pursue two additional claims —
a withholding of removal and protection under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”).
As explained herein, because there was no error in either of the challenged rulings, we deny
Singh’s petition for review.
I.
A.
We begin with Singh’s challenge to the IJ and the BIA’s determination that Singh
filed a frivolous asylum application. A noncitizen who “has knowingly made a frivolous
application for asylum,” after receiving notice of the potential consequences, “shall be
permanently ineligible for any benefits under” the INA. See 8 U.S.C. § 1158(d)(6). Put
simply, “an asylum application is frivolous ‘if any of its material elements is deliberately
fabricated.’” See Ndibu v. Lynch, 823 F.3d 229, 234 (4th Cir. 2016) (quoting 8 C.F.R.
§ 1208.20); see also Matter of Y-L-, 24 I. & N. Dec. 151, 155 (BIA 2007).
Of relevance to this challenge, Singh legally entered the United States and
proceeded to file an application for asylum in July 2000, declaring that he had been
physically harmed by the Indian police after the arrest and subsequent disappearance of his
2 USCA4 Appeal: 24-1778 Doc: 32 Filed: 11/05/2025 Pg: 3 of 7
brother who, according to Singh, had been targeted for political activities. Therein, Singh
also asserted that he was beaten by the Indian police when he himself became politically
active. Singh further claimed that he had been working as a farmer in India. Following an
interview with an asylum officer, Singh’s application for asylum was granted in November
2000. Continuing to rely on the sworn representations made to support his asylum claim,
Singh successfully adjusted his status to Lawful Permanent Resident in 2006, and
eventually filed to become an American citizen in 2011.
Notably, it was not until Singh was confronted with evidence of fraud by a
Citizenship and Immigration Services officer in a 2013 naturalization interview —
approximately 13 years after his asylum application had been granted — that Singh
confessed. He then acknowledged that most of the material facts asserted in support of his
earlier asylum application were entirely false. Indeed, Singh’s brother was neither missing,
arrested, nor politically active in India. The brother had lived in the United States in the
1990s. Likewise, Singh revealed that he was never arrested and had not been politically
active in India. Singh also admitted to concealing other facts that could have undermined
his asylum award, including that he had served in the Indian military for several years prior
to his arrival here in 2000, and that he had not been working as a farmer in India.
Of utmost importance here, in response to a Notice to Appear issued by the
Department of Homeland Security, Singh conceded through his counsel in 2014 that he
was removable as then charged, and admitted that he had “procured [his] admission, visa,
adjustment, or other documentation or benefit by . . . willfully misrepresenting a material
fact, to wit asylum and lawful permanent residence in the United States.” See J.A. 1301,
3 USCA4 Appeal: 24-1778 Doc: 32 Filed: 11/05/2025 Pg: 4 of 7
1294. 1 Notwithstanding that major concession and his other false statements in connection
with his asylum application, Singh now relies primarily on a single out-of-circuit decision
to argue that his series of misrepresentations were not actually material, because he was
then and there otherwise eligible for asylum based on his fear of being persecuted in India
for his Sikh religion.
In the Sixth Circuit’s decision in Yousif v. Lynch, 796 F.3d 622 (6th Cir. 2015),
petitioner Yousif’s asylum application contained fabricated statements regarding specific
instances of torture. The application, however, was founded on Yousif’s perilous religious
status as a Chaldean Christian in Iraq. Id. at 626-27. And there was no dispute at the time
of Yousif’s petition that his status would have subjected him to religious persecution if he
was returned to Iraq. Id. at 628. As a result, the court of appeals directed a remand to the
BIA for further consideration of whether Yousif was eligible for asylum based on his status
as a Chaldean Christian alone — that is, whether the then-current conditions in Iraq had
also existed when Yousif filed his asylum application several years earlier. Id. at 636.
In addition to being non-binding on our Court, the Yousif decision is otherwise
inapplicable here. As explained above, Singh’s asylum application was predicated on
falsely manufactured events about his brother’s torture and disappearance, along with an
invented accounting of Singh’s own arrest, torture, and political activities. Excising these
false statements, Singh’s asylum application offered no additional information concerning
1 Citations to “J.A. ___” refer to the contents of the Joint Appendix filed by the parties in this appeal.
4 USCA4 Appeal: 24-1778 Doc: 32 Filed: 11/05/2025 Pg: 5 of 7
conditions in India for Sikhs at the time of his asylum application, or that confirmed
Singh’s fear of practicing his religion in India. Because the plain import of Singh’s asylum
application was his fear of past persecution relating to his and his family’s now-admittedly
falsified political activities, his series of fabrications were critically influential to the
asylum application decisionmaker. See Kungys v. United States, 485 U.S. 759, 770 (1988)
(establishing in an immigration context that a “concealment or misrepresentation is
material if it has a natural tendency to influence, or was capable of influencing, the decision
of the decisionmaking body to which it was addressed” (citation modified)).
In these circumstances, we cannot say that either the IJ or the BIA erred in
determining that Singh had misrepresented material facts and filed a frivolous asylum
application in 2000. His contention with respect to the frivolous asylum ruling must
therefore be denied. 2
B.
Turning to Singh’s second challenge, he contests the BIA’s denial of his motion to
remand this matter to the IJ. By a remand, he sought to pursue alternative relief by a
withholding of removal and protection under the CAT. And as we know, the BIA’s denial
of a remand motion is accorded deference, in that “we are bound to uphold the BIA’s
determinations unless they are manifestly contrary to the law and an abuse of discretion.”
2 Singh has also argued that the underlying rulings of the IJ and the BIA were flawed because they both assumed that they lacked the discretion to withhold a frivolous asylum finding. That contention, however, is directly contradicted by the record. The IJ concluded (and the BIA affirmed) that the IJ would decline to exercise favorable discretion due to the nature and extent of Singh’s dishonesty. See J.A. 198 (IJ decision); id. at 4 (BIA decision).
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See Kouyate v. Garland, 122 F.4th 132, 140 (4th Cir. 2024) (citation modified). The BIA
abuses its discretion when it fails to offer a reasoned explanation for its decision or when
it distorts important aspects of an applicant’s claim. See McDougall v. Bondi, 150 F.4th
637, 641 (4th Cir. 2025).
To pursue a withholding from removal, Singh was obliged to make a prima facie
showing to the BIA of a “clear probability that his life or freedom would be threatened” in
India due to his “race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or
political opinion.” See Salgado-Sosa v. Sessions, 882 F.3d 451, 455 (4th Cir. 2018)
(quoting 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(A)) (citation modified). Similarly, to be eligible for CAT
relief, Singh bore the burden of making a prima facie showing that it is “more likely than
not that” he “would be tortured with the consent or acquiescence of the government,” if
removed to India. See Funez-Ortiz v. McHenry, 127 F.4th 498, 503 (4th Cir. 2025) (citing
8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(c)(2)) (citation modified).
In an effort to satisfy his burden, Singh argues that he would yet be subject to
persecution and torture in India, in that he practices his Sikh religion and has consistently
attended a place of worship in this Country that supports India’s separatist pro-Khalistan
movement. In ruling against Singh, the BIA determined that he had failed to make a
sufficient showing that he is prima facie eligible for either a withholding of removal or for
CAT relief, insofar as his evidence consisted only of documents relating to general country
conditions in India that may impact certain separatist Sikhs.
Put simply, the BIA did not abuse its discretion in denying Singh’s motion for a
remand. That ruling was predicated on a lack of individualized probability of harm, in that
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it is clear Singh failed to submit sufficient evidence to establish a likelihood that he would
be tortured with the consent or acquiescence of the Indian government, or that his life or
freedom would be threatened if returned to India, because he is a Sikh. See Herrera-
Martinez v. Garland, 22 F.4th 173, 187 (4th Cir. 2022) (recognizing that generalized
reports of violence are insufficient to show that government would torture petitioner). 3
II.
Pursuant to the foregoing, we are satisfied that the IJ and the BIA each correctly
resolved the issues before them, and that Singh’s petition for review must be denied.
PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED
3 Finally, we observe that Singh has failed to establish that he is similarly situated to the separatist Sikhs identified in his evidence, or that the torture of pro-Khalistan Sikhs is widespread in India. Indeed, most of the evidence Singh presented is inapplicable in these proceedings. See J.A. 55-60, 66-68 (showing that the Indian government targeted Sikh farmers and passed since-repealed discriminatory farm laws); id. at 80 (indicating that Indian government has tolerated violence, which has primarily impacted Muslim populations); id. at 120-25, 136-38 (reporting Indian government action with respect to Sikhs outside India who are members of specific political activist group).