J-S04028-25
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37
JANENE GROVES : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA Appellant : : : v. : : : JEFFREY WAGENBACH, KATHLEEN : No. 2121 EDA 2024 WAGENBACH, AND FRANCIS : STOVEKEN :
Appeal from the Order Entered July 10, 2024 In the Court of Common Pleas of Pike County Civil Division at No: 1156-2023
BEFORE: OLSON, J., STABILE, J., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E. *
MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.: FILED MAY 20, 2025
Appellant, Janene Groves, appeals the order of the Court of Common
Pleas of Pike County sustaining the preliminary objections of Appellees, Jeffrey
and Kathleen Wagenbach and Francis Stoveken, and dismissing Appellant’s
complaint with prejudice as time-barred by the applicable Statute of
Limitations.1 Upon review, we affirm.
We set forth the facts as presented in the trial court’s order:
[Appellant] alleges in her Complaint (and amplifies in a subsequently filed document titled “Affidavit of Personal Knowledge”) that some time before December 6, 2021, the [Appellees], individually or in combination, caused certain trees to
____________________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 5524. J-S04028-25
be cut down on her property and were responsible for various other damage, with December 6, 2021 being the date she became aware of the activity. Acting pro se, [Appellant] filed a civil action against the [Appellees] on December 5, 2023, immediately before the two-year statute of limitations in a tort action would have run. Although [Appellant’s] filing appears on the docket as “Praecipe for Writ of Summons,” review of the associated documents reveals that she unnecessarily requested issuance of Writs of Summons against the three individual [Appellees], and contemporaneously filed a civil Complaint naming them all.
Nothing further appears on record until over three months later, when on March 12, 2024, Robert Magnanini, Esq. entered his appearance on the [Appellant’s] behalf, and, unconventionally, filed notices of intent to take default judgment, (i.e., “10-day notices” pursuant to Pa.R.C.P 237.1) against the three [Appellees]. Critically missing from the record is any indication that the [Appellant], either pro se or through counsel, ever even attempted to serve the original Complaint on any of the [Appellees] in accordance with applicable law and rules of Court prior to issuance of the 10-day notices.
Indeed it was not until after the [Appellees] had filed their Preliminary Objections (apparently motivated by receipt of their 10-day notices) that [Appellant’s] counsel belatedly filed a praecipe to reinstate the Complaint pursuant to Rule 401(b)(2), and effectuated service of the original Complaint by the Sheriff of Pike’s County on April 9, 2024, over four months after filing. Curiously, [Appellant’s] counsel also filed and served new Writs of Summons against all [Appellees] despite the procedural irrelevancy of doing so.
Trial Court Order, 7/9/24, at 1-2.
Appellees filed new preliminary objections to the reinstated complaint,
once again alleging, among other things, improper service of process
(Pa.R.Civ.P. 1028(a)(1). The trial court heard argument on July 2, 2024. On
July 10, 2024, the trial court entered the order on appeal, sustaining the
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preliminary objections and dismissing Appellant’s complaint with prejudice.
This timely appeal followed.
Appellant raises two issues on appeal:
1. Did the trial court commit an error of law in concluding that Plaintiff failed to make reasonable efforts to timely and properly effectuate service of her complaint when she used certified and regular mail to serve the complaint on the Defendants under the mistaken belief that service in such manner was proper under the court rules, and where the Defendants received actual notice of the complaint and were not prejudiced?
2. Did the trial court commit an error of law in concluding that Plaintiff failed to make reasonable efforts to timely and properly effectuate service of her complaint by not considering and properly applying the controlling and binding precedent in Lamp v. Heyman, 366 A.2d 882 (Pa. 1976), and its progeny, including but not limited to: Gussom v. Teagle, 247 A.3d 1046 (Pa. 2021); Farinacci v. Beaver City Indus. Dev. Auth., 511 A.2d 757 (Pa. 1986); McCreesh v. City of Philadelphia, [888 A.2d 664 (Pa. 2005)]; and Ferraro v. Patterson-Erie Corp., [313 A.3d 987 (Pa. 2024))?
Appellant’s Brief at 1–2.
We review an order sustaining preliminary objections for error of law or
abuse of discretion. Mar-Eco, Inc. v. T & R & Sons Towing & Recovery,
Inc., 837 A.2d 512, 514 (Pa. Super. 2003). “When considering the
appropriateness of a ruling on preliminary objections, the appellate court must
apply the same standard as the trial court.” Id. We will reverse the trial court
only where there has been an error of law or abuse of discretion.
McNaughton Properties, LP v. Barr, 981 A.2d 222, 224 (Pa. Super. 2009).
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The Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure allow a plaintiff to commence
a civil action by filing either a praecipe for a writ of summons or a complaint.
Pa.R.Civ.P. 1007. A plaintiff must serve the defendant with original process
within 30 days after the issuance of a writ or the filing of a complaint.
Pa.R.Civ.P. 401(a). If service is not effectuated within 30 days, the plaintiff
can praecipe for the reissuance of the writ or reinstatement of the complaint
so long as the plaintiff presents a copy of the original process. Pa.R.Civ.P.
401(b)(1).
Our Supreme Court recently addressed service of process in Ferraro:
Service of process is a mechanism by which a court obtains jurisdiction of a defendant, and therefore, the rules concerning service of process must be strictly followed. Importantly, without valid service, a court lacks personal jurisdiction of a defendant and is powerless to enter judgment against him or her[.] Validity of service is essential, and failure to perfect service is fatal to a lawsuit.
Ferraro, 313 A.3d at 999 (internal citations and quotation marks omitted).
Service of process also notifies the defendant that it is a party to a lawsuit and
must defend itself. Id. To that end, the purpose of the statute of limitations
is to “protect defendants from stale claims.” Gussom, 247 A.3d at 1048.
Thus, in some circumstances, the trial court may dismiss a complaint where
the plaintiff fails to make a diligent attempt to effect service of process.
[A] trial court has discretion to dismiss a complaint when a plaintiff fails to offer proof that she diligently attempted to serve process on a defendant in a timely manner and there is no evidence to indicate that the defendant had actual notice of the commencement of the action in the relevant time frame,
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regardless of whether the plaintiff acted or failed to act intentionally.
Id. In Farinacci, the court clarified that the plaintiff carries the evidentiary
burden of proving that she made a good-faith effort to ensure that notice of
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J-S04028-25
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37
JANENE GROVES : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA Appellant : : : v. : : : JEFFREY WAGENBACH, KATHLEEN : No. 2121 EDA 2024 WAGENBACH, AND FRANCIS : STOVEKEN :
Appeal from the Order Entered July 10, 2024 In the Court of Common Pleas of Pike County Civil Division at No: 1156-2023
BEFORE: OLSON, J., STABILE, J., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E. *
MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.: FILED MAY 20, 2025
Appellant, Janene Groves, appeals the order of the Court of Common
Pleas of Pike County sustaining the preliminary objections of Appellees, Jeffrey
and Kathleen Wagenbach and Francis Stoveken, and dismissing Appellant’s
complaint with prejudice as time-barred by the applicable Statute of
Limitations.1 Upon review, we affirm.
We set forth the facts as presented in the trial court’s order:
[Appellant] alleges in her Complaint (and amplifies in a subsequently filed document titled “Affidavit of Personal Knowledge”) that some time before December 6, 2021, the [Appellees], individually or in combination, caused certain trees to
____________________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 5524. J-S04028-25
be cut down on her property and were responsible for various other damage, with December 6, 2021 being the date she became aware of the activity. Acting pro se, [Appellant] filed a civil action against the [Appellees] on December 5, 2023, immediately before the two-year statute of limitations in a tort action would have run. Although [Appellant’s] filing appears on the docket as “Praecipe for Writ of Summons,” review of the associated documents reveals that she unnecessarily requested issuance of Writs of Summons against the three individual [Appellees], and contemporaneously filed a civil Complaint naming them all.
Nothing further appears on record until over three months later, when on March 12, 2024, Robert Magnanini, Esq. entered his appearance on the [Appellant’s] behalf, and, unconventionally, filed notices of intent to take default judgment, (i.e., “10-day notices” pursuant to Pa.R.C.P 237.1) against the three [Appellees]. Critically missing from the record is any indication that the [Appellant], either pro se or through counsel, ever even attempted to serve the original Complaint on any of the [Appellees] in accordance with applicable law and rules of Court prior to issuance of the 10-day notices.
Indeed it was not until after the [Appellees] had filed their Preliminary Objections (apparently motivated by receipt of their 10-day notices) that [Appellant’s] counsel belatedly filed a praecipe to reinstate the Complaint pursuant to Rule 401(b)(2), and effectuated service of the original Complaint by the Sheriff of Pike’s County on April 9, 2024, over four months after filing. Curiously, [Appellant’s] counsel also filed and served new Writs of Summons against all [Appellees] despite the procedural irrelevancy of doing so.
Trial Court Order, 7/9/24, at 1-2.
Appellees filed new preliminary objections to the reinstated complaint,
once again alleging, among other things, improper service of process
(Pa.R.Civ.P. 1028(a)(1). The trial court heard argument on July 2, 2024. On
July 10, 2024, the trial court entered the order on appeal, sustaining the
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preliminary objections and dismissing Appellant’s complaint with prejudice.
This timely appeal followed.
Appellant raises two issues on appeal:
1. Did the trial court commit an error of law in concluding that Plaintiff failed to make reasonable efforts to timely and properly effectuate service of her complaint when she used certified and regular mail to serve the complaint on the Defendants under the mistaken belief that service in such manner was proper under the court rules, and where the Defendants received actual notice of the complaint and were not prejudiced?
2. Did the trial court commit an error of law in concluding that Plaintiff failed to make reasonable efforts to timely and properly effectuate service of her complaint by not considering and properly applying the controlling and binding precedent in Lamp v. Heyman, 366 A.2d 882 (Pa. 1976), and its progeny, including but not limited to: Gussom v. Teagle, 247 A.3d 1046 (Pa. 2021); Farinacci v. Beaver City Indus. Dev. Auth., 511 A.2d 757 (Pa. 1986); McCreesh v. City of Philadelphia, [888 A.2d 664 (Pa. 2005)]; and Ferraro v. Patterson-Erie Corp., [313 A.3d 987 (Pa. 2024))?
Appellant’s Brief at 1–2.
We review an order sustaining preliminary objections for error of law or
abuse of discretion. Mar-Eco, Inc. v. T & R & Sons Towing & Recovery,
Inc., 837 A.2d 512, 514 (Pa. Super. 2003). “When considering the
appropriateness of a ruling on preliminary objections, the appellate court must
apply the same standard as the trial court.” Id. We will reverse the trial court
only where there has been an error of law or abuse of discretion.
McNaughton Properties, LP v. Barr, 981 A.2d 222, 224 (Pa. Super. 2009).
-3- J-S04028-25
The Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure allow a plaintiff to commence
a civil action by filing either a praecipe for a writ of summons or a complaint.
Pa.R.Civ.P. 1007. A plaintiff must serve the defendant with original process
within 30 days after the issuance of a writ or the filing of a complaint.
Pa.R.Civ.P. 401(a). If service is not effectuated within 30 days, the plaintiff
can praecipe for the reissuance of the writ or reinstatement of the complaint
so long as the plaintiff presents a copy of the original process. Pa.R.Civ.P.
401(b)(1).
Our Supreme Court recently addressed service of process in Ferraro:
Service of process is a mechanism by which a court obtains jurisdiction of a defendant, and therefore, the rules concerning service of process must be strictly followed. Importantly, without valid service, a court lacks personal jurisdiction of a defendant and is powerless to enter judgment against him or her[.] Validity of service is essential, and failure to perfect service is fatal to a lawsuit.
Ferraro, 313 A.3d at 999 (internal citations and quotation marks omitted).
Service of process also notifies the defendant that it is a party to a lawsuit and
must defend itself. Id. To that end, the purpose of the statute of limitations
is to “protect defendants from stale claims.” Gussom, 247 A.3d at 1048.
Thus, in some circumstances, the trial court may dismiss a complaint where
the plaintiff fails to make a diligent attempt to effect service of process.
[A] trial court has discretion to dismiss a complaint when a plaintiff fails to offer proof that she diligently attempted to serve process on a defendant in a timely manner and there is no evidence to indicate that the defendant had actual notice of the commencement of the action in the relevant time frame,
-4- J-S04028-25
regardless of whether the plaintiff acted or failed to act intentionally.
Id. In Farinacci, the court clarified that the plaintiff carries the evidentiary
burden of proving that she made a good-faith effort to ensure that notice of
the commencement of an action was served on the defendant; and (2) “[i]n
each case, where [lack of good faith] is alleged, the [trial] court must
determine in its sound discretion whether a good-faith effort to effectuate
notice was made.” Farinacci, 511 A.2d at 759.
In both of her arguments, Appellant claims the trial court erred in
concluding that she failed to make reasonable and timely efforts to effect
service of process. We consider her arguments together. To summarize,
Appellant, acting pro se, filed this action on December 5, 2023, just before
the two-year limitations period expired. She did not arrange for service of
process on the defendants as per the applicable Rules of Procedure. Appellant
took no further action until March 12, 2024, when her counsel filed notices of
intent to take a default judgment. On April 9, 2024, after the defendants filed
preliminary objections and more than four months after the expiration of the
statute of limitations, Appellant reinstated the complaint and effectuated
service by sheriff as per the rules. Appellees once again filed preliminary
objections alleging, in part, improper service of process, and the trial court
sustained that objection.
Appellant makes two factual claims in support of her good faith effort to
serve process. She claims that the defendants were on actual notice because,
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at some unspecified point in time, she mailed copies of her complaint to them
by regular and certified mail. This argument fails, as our Supreme Court has
made clear that an actual notice of an action is relevant if and only if it comes
from a failed attempt at rule-based service. “[T]here can be no question that
when a plaintiff relies on actual notice to a defendant that an action has been
commenced, that actual notice has to be the result of a good faith, but
improper, effort at service of process under the Rules.” Ferraro 313 A.3d
at 1007 (emphasis added). “[O]ther than formal waiver of service of process,
our Rules of Civil Procedure do not provide for an alternative method of
notifying a defendant of the commencement of an action.” Id. at 1008.
Because our Rules of Procedure do not permit service of original process by
mail, Appellant did not, under Ferraro, satisfy her good faith obligation by
serving Appellees through the mail.
Appellant also claims that, because she was a pro se litigant, she spoke
with an unnamed clerk at the Prothonotary’s office who advised Appellant to
serve Appellees via certified mail. R.R. 81a; 100a. We observe that pro se
litigants are not excused from following proper procedure. “[A]lthough this
Court is willing to construe liberally materials filed by a pro se litigant, pro se
status generally confers no special benefit upon an appellant. … [A] pro se
litigant must comply with the procedural rules set forth in the Pennsylvania
Rules of the Court.” Commonwealth v. Lyons, 833 A.2d 245, 251-52 (Pa.
Super. 2003). Furthermore, the role of the prothonotary is to maintain and
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safeguard court records, books, and dockets. See In re Administrative
Order No. 1-MD-2003, 936 A.2d 1, 9 (Pa. 2007). A Prothonotary clerk is
not authorized for the practice of law to give legal advice. See 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 2524. Finally, both Appellant and her counsel represent that counsel had
been advising her in settlement negotiations before Appellant filed her pro se
complaint. Thus, it appears that Appellant had access to counsel, albeit not
counsel of record. Appellant’s pro se status and her conversation with the
prothonotary’s office2 do not excuse her noncompliance with the applicable
Rules of Procedure.
In summary, Appellant failed to serve Appellees within the applicable
limitations and failed to make any good faith effort at doing so until four
months after the limitations period expired. We therefore affirm the trial
court’s order.
Order affirmed.
2 In her brief, Appellant challenges the trial court’s finding that her account of her interaction with the prothonotary was not credible. For the reasons we explain in the main text, Appellant’s reliance on her conversation with the prothonotary is unavailing even assuming the credibility of her account of it. Likewise, the trial court’s acceptance or rejection of Appellant’s assertion that Appellees received actual notice of her complaint via certified mail does not affect our decision. As we explained in the main text, actual notice is pertinent only if it is the result of an attempt at rule-based service, and service of original process by mail is not rule-based.
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Date: 5/20/2025
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