Gray v. State

923 So. 2d 812, 2006 WL 335413
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedFebruary 15, 2006
Docket2005-617
StatusPublished
Cited by8 cases

This text of 923 So. 2d 812 (Gray v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Gray v. State, 923 So. 2d 812, 2006 WL 335413 (La. Ct. App. 2006).

Opinion

923 So.2d 812 (2006)

Henry GRAY
v.
STATE of Louisiana.

No. 2005-617.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Third Circuit.

February 15, 2006.
Rehearing Denied May 17, 2006.

*814 Henry Gray-Pro Se, Lake Providence, LA, for Plaintiff/Appellant, Henry Gray.

John C. McNeese, William F. Bologna, New Orleans, LA, for Defendant-Appellee, Catahoula Correctional Center, et al.

Court composed of SYLVIA R. COOKS, MICHAEL G. SULLIVAN, and JAMES T. GENOVESE, Judges.

COOKS, Judge.

On October 21, 2004, Henry Gray, at the time, an inmate in the Catahoula Correctional Center, filed a pro se "Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus" in district court against the "State of Louisiana Catahoula Correction Center Warden Ronnie Books & Capt. Little, Sgt. Atkins, Officer Ben Doe." He later filed a "Motion to Amendment Complaint" in the same court.

The Catahoula Correctional Center and any employees, deemed named, then filed a dilatory exception, alleging the petition was "ambiguous, vague and insufficiently clear to permit defendants to join the issue." Defendants also filed an exception, asserting Plaintiff "failed to provide a short, clear and concise statement of the causes of action allegedly arising out of the material facts" as required by La.Code Civ.P. art 891. Further, Defendants filed an exception of prematurity maintaining that plaintiff failed to exhaust his administrative remedies prior to filing suit. Finally, Defendants filed two motions: The first requesting that Plaintiff's claims be screened by the district court pursuant to La.R.S. 15:1184(B) and that any claims deemed to be frivolous, malicious or which fail to state a cause of action be dismissed; and the second, asking that the court strike from Plaintiff's amended petition "the ad damnum as well as the demand for mental pain and suffering and for punitive damages as unavailable under Louisiana law."

The trial court then issued an order directing that Plaintiff Gray be produced for a hearing on March 24, 2005. The hearing was held at which time Plaintiff testified and Defendants' arguments were heard. The trial court granted Defendants' exceptions and motions and struck Plaintiff's pleadings without prejudice, reserving his right to re-file. Plaintiff requested an appeal, which was ordered by the trial court.

ANALYSIS

I. Exception of Prematurity.

Defendants argued the district court did not have jurisdiction over Plaintiff's claims because he failed to exhaust the administrative remedies mandated under the Corrections Administrative Remedy Procedure (CARP), La. R.S. 15:1171-1179 and the Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA), La.R.S. 15:1181-1191, prior to filing his petition in the district court.

CARP, enacted in 1985 in response to the Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 1997-1997j (1980), authorizes the Department of Corrections (DOC) or the sheriff to adopt an administrative remedy procedure for receiving, *815 hearing, and disposing of any and all complaints and grievances by offenders against the state, the department, or its employees that arise while an offender is within the custody or under the supervision of the department. La.R.S. 15:1171(B). Any complaint or grievance "with respect to the conditions of confinement or the effects of actions by government officials on the lives of persons confined in prison" is subject to the provisions of CARP. La.R.S. 15:1184(A)(1)(a). A petitioner is required to "initiate his administrative remedies for a delictual action for injury or damages within ninety days from the day the injury or damage is sustained." La.R.S. 15:1172(B)(1). The DOC is also authorized to establish deadlines for non-delictual claims and the procedures and processes contained in the administrative remedy procedure. La.R.S. 15:1172(B)(2-3). If the offender fails to timely initiate or pursue his administrative remedies within the deadlines established, the claim is abandoned and any subsequent suit shall be dismissed with prejudice. La.R.S. 15:1172(C).

Significantly, if a claim falls within the scope of CARP, review of an adverse administrative decision is "without a jury and shall be confined to the record. The review shall be limited to the issues presented in the petition for review and the administrative remedy request filed at the agency level." La.R.S. 15:1177(A)(5). When it was originally enacted, La.R.S. 15:1177 provided that the district court acts as an appellate court and review, even for tort claims, was limited to the manifest error standard. La.R.S. 15:1177.

In Pope v. State, 99-2559 (La.6/29/01), 792 So.2d 713, the supreme court declared the provisions of La.R.S. 15:1171-79 violated Article V, Section 16(A) of the Louisiana Constitution to the extent that they are applied to an offender's tort actions. The Pope court reasoned that CARP's unconstitutionality resulted from the manner in which the district court was limited to a deferential judicial review of the administrative decision, rather than a de novo review of the tort action. By restricting judicial review, the administrative procedure, in effect, allowed the Department of Public Safety and Corrections to adjudicate its own liability in tort actions, and the district courts were required to give "manifest error" deference to those adjudications. Thus, it served to "divest the district courts of the original jurisdiction fixed by the Constitution in those civil matters, such as tort actions, in which the Constitution does not otherwise provide for original jurisdiction in other tribunals." Pope, 792 So.2d at 720.

Subsequent to the Pope decision, the legislature amended CARP to specifically exclude tort claims from the limited judicial review procedures. As amended, La. R.S. 15:1177(A) provides:

A. Any offender who is aggrieved by an adverse decision, excluding decisions relative to delictual actions for injury or damages, by the [Department]... may, within thirty days after receipt of the decisions, seek judicial review of the decision....

Louisiana Revised Statutes 15:1177(C), was also amended and provides, in relevant part:

C. This Section shall not apply to delictual actions for injury or damages, however styled or captioned. Delictual actions for injury or damages shall be filed separately as original civil actions.

(Emphasis added.)

However, the Pope court acknowledged the legislature "is free to enact procedures for initial submission of tort claims by prison inmates to an administrative agency for review, for example, of frivolous claims, as long as the action of the administrative *816 agency does not constitute the exercise of original jurisdiction." Id., at 720. In response, in 2002, the legislature amended La.R.S. 15:1172 to provide an administrative procedure for review of tort claims, reserving the right of an offender to then file a petition in district court for a de novo hearing. Thus, the legislature corrected the constitutional objections to CARP.

Louisiana Revised Statutes 15:1172 provides, in relevant part:

(B)(1) An offender shall initiate his administrative remedies for a delictual action for injury or damages within ninety days from the day the injury or damage is sustained.
. . . .

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Bluebook (online)
923 So. 2d 812, 2006 WL 335413, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/gray-v-state-lactapp-2006.