Grant v. Department of Treasury

272 F. Supp. 3d 182
CourtDistrict Court, District of Columbia
DecidedSeptember 28, 2017
DocketCivil Action No. 15-1008 (RMC)
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 272 F. Supp. 3d 182 (Grant v. Department of Treasury) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, District of Columbia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Grant v. Department of Treasury, 272 F. Supp. 3d 182 (D.D.C. 2017).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM OPINION

ROSEMARY M. COLLYER, United States District Judge

Aaron Darnell Grant worked as a Special Agent in the Internal Revenue Service’s' criminal investigation unit until his second termination on January 30, 2013. Mr, Grant is an African-American male who claims a disability due to his alcohol dependency. He complains that discrimination based on his race, sex, and alleged disability, as well as retaliation for protected activities, prompted his discharge. Mr. Grant sues under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. §§ 2000e et seq. (2012), the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Rehab Act), 29 U.S.C. § 701, and the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. § 500 et seq. See 2d Am. Compl. [Dkt. 28]. Steven Mnuchin, sued in his official capacity as Secretary of the Treasury,1 moves for dismissal or summary judgment, in part.

Mr. Grant complains here of alleged discrimination in violation of his rights to equal employment opportunity under Title VII. Some actions of which he complains are not subject to litigation because he failed to file a timely lawsuit. His complaint .over other action's is premature because he has not exhausted the administrative process. These flaws are not resolved by citing the APA. That statute does not provide a basis to review his case, inasmuch as the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 (CSRA), 5 U.S.C. §§ 1101 et 'seq., or equal employment opportunity laws such as Title VII or the Rehab Act address the issues. As explained below, the Court will dismiss Mr. Grant’s allegations based on Title VII, the Rehab Act, and the APA.

The only remaining allegations, some of which also allege discrimination, were addressed by the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) in connection with Mr. Grant’s 2013 discharge. The Government moves to transfer review of that MSPB decision to the United States Circuit Court for the Federal Circuit, which has sole statutory authority to review most MSPB final decisions, see 5 U.S.C. § 7708(b)(1)(A). However, when appeals from the MSPB involve claims alleging discrimination, federal district courts are instead vested with jurisdiction to'hear the appeal. See id. § 7703(b)(2); Ikossi v. U.S. Dep’t of Navy, 516 F.3d 1037, 1042 (D.C. Cir. 2008). For this reason, the Court will deny the Government’s motion to transfer the MSPB appeal to the Federal Circuit, and will retain jurisdiction to consider Mr. Grant’s claims concerning it.

I. PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

A short introduction to applicable federal personnel law is needed to understand the basic facts. Title VII explicitly applies to the Executive Branch of the federal government and bans discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16. The Rehab Act bans discrimination based on disability in federal employment. 29 U.S.C. § 701.

As relevant here, a federal employee who believes he was discriminated against because of, inter alia, his race, sex or disability, has a right to file an administrative complaint with his agency. The agency must then investigate the charge and decide its merits. It is illegal for an agency to retaliate against an employee for filing a discrimination charge or otherwise participating in the processing of an equal employment opportunity (EEO) complaint. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-3(a); see Allen v. Johnson, 795 F.3d 34, 38 (D.C. Cir. 2015). If the agency decides that there is no merit to the employee’s EEO charge, the employee may seek a hearing before an Administrative Judge of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). The EEOC also processes complaints under the Rehab Act.

The Administrative Judge allows the parties necessary discovery and then will either rule on a motion for summary judgment or hold a hearing, to take evidence on the employee’s complaint. See 29 C.F.R. § 1614.109. In either event, the Administrative Judge -will issue a decision ruling on the employee’s charges of discrimination and/or retaliation. See id.

When a federal employee complains of discrimination and violation of his rights under the CSRA, he can appeal the Administrative Judge’s opinion to either the EEOC or the MSPB, but not both. Hooker-Robinson v. Rice, No. 05-cv-321, 2006 WL 508343, at *5 (D.D.C. Mar. 1, 2006) (quoting Sloan v. West, 140 F.3d 1255, 1259 (9th Cir. 1998)); see 29 C.F.R. § 1614.302(d). When a case involves alleged discrimination in violation of Title VII and also an adverse action subject to MSPB appellate jurisdiction either EEOC or MSPB will receive and rule upon the “mixed case complaint.” Hooker-Robinson, 2006 WL 508343, at *5 (“Thus, a mixed case may be pursued with the agency’s EEO department or as an appeal to the MSPB, but not both.”); see 29 C.F.R. § 1614.302(d) (defining “mixed case complaints”).

Separately, federal employees may directly appeal certain adverse actions subject to the CSRA, such as terminations, to MSPB, following a similar administrative path. See 5 U.S.C. § 7512 (Actions covered); § 7701 (Appellate procedures). MSPB can exercise related jurisdiction over discrimination claims in these circumstances as well. See 5. U.S.C. § 7702. When a federal employee appeals an adverse action to MSPB, it is first reviewed by an Administrative Judge, who issues an Initial Decision; the employee may then petition for further review by the Board itself. 5. U.S.C. § 7701. Final orders of MSPB are subject to appeal to the Federal Circuit, except those that include allegations of discrimination, which may be appealed to either the EEOC or to a federal district court. See id. § 7703(b)(1)(A), b(2). In such circumstances, federal district courts review the entirety of the final MSPB decision; decisions of the MSPB on discrimination matters are reviewed de novo, while all other decisions are reviewed for abuse of discretion. See id § 7703(c); White v. Tapella, 876 F.Supp.2d 58, 65 (D.D.C. 2012).

II. SUMMARY OF FACTS

Before going into further detail, a brief summary of the relevant intertwined administrative proceedings may help in understanding this Memorandum Opinion. Mr.

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272 F. Supp. 3d 182, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/grant-v-department-of-treasury-dcd-2017.