Gilmore v. United States

228 Ct. Cl. 829, 1981 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 414, 1981 WL 21499
United States Court of Claims·Decided July 31, 1981·No. No. 535-79C·Published·Cited by 11 cases

Opinion

This military pay case comes before us on defendant’s motion to dismiss on the ground that plaintiffs claim is barred by this court’s six-year statute of limitations. See, 28 U.S.C. §2501 (1976). For the purposes of this motion we accept the following allegations in the petition: Plaintiff Glenn M. Gilmore formerly served on active duty as an Army reserve officer. He was released from active duty on [830] April 17, 1972, by an Army Active Duty Board. He now challenges the Active Duty Board’s decision because, he alleges, the records before it were materially in error since they reflected that he had been "selected for retention in grade”1 by a 1969 army selection board improperly constituted in violation of 10 U.S.C. § 266 (1976) and regulations and instructions implementing that statute. See, DOD Instruction 1205.4 (1959); Army Regulation 624-100; § III, ¶ 6(b)(5). Those provisions require reserve officer representation on selection boards which recommend action relating to reserve officers. The 1969 selection board contained no reserve officers.

Plaintiffs application for correction of his records by the Army Board for Correction of Military Records was denied by that tribunal on May 17, 1978. In May 1979 he filed suit in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama. That action was transferred to this court, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1406(c), in November 1979. Defendant then filed this motion to dismiss.

Section 2501 of Title 28 of the United States Code provides that:

Every claim of which the Court of Claims has jurisdiction shall be barred unless the petition thereon is filed within six years after such claim first accures.

Major Gilmore’s claim accrued on the date of his separation from active duty in April 1972, more than six years before this action was filed in the District Court. See Kirby v. United States, 201 Ct. Cl. 527, 531 (1973), cert. denied, 417 U.S. 919 (1974); Mathis v. United States, 183 Ct. Cl. 145, 147, 391 F.2d 938-39 (1968), aff'd on reh’g, 190 Ct. Cl. 925, 421 F.2d 703 (1970). The "continuing claim” exception, which claimant invokes, clearly does not apply to wrongful separation suits like this one. See, e.g., Mathis v. United States, supra, 183 Ct. Cl. 145, 147, 391 F.2d 938, 939; Friedman v. United States, 159 Ct. Cl. 1, 10-11, 310 F.2d 381, 386-87 (1962), cert. denied, sub. nom. Lipp, 373 U.S. 932 [831] (1963); Ellzey v. United States, 219 Ct. Cl. 589 (1979), which involved virtually indistinguishable facts, held that a reserve officer who was involuntarily separated from service after two passovers by selection boards having no reserve officers, and who challenged the board makeup in a suit in this court more than six years after his separation, was wholly barred by the statute of limitations. We said that "[t]he rule has always been that in wrongful discharge cases the cause of action accrues all at once upon the serviceman’s removal.” Id. at 589.

Major Gilmore also contends that, although it is undisputed that he became aware of the basis for his claim within the limitations period, his failure to file suit during that time resulted from two factors: first, his exhaustion of administrative remedies before the Correction Board, and secondly, an alleged concealment by the Army of plaintiffs rights as a reserve officer. We have rejected the first of these arguments in similar circumstances on many occasions. Post separation remedies such as an appeal to a correction board are "permissive in nature and do not serve to toll the running of the statute of limitations.” Kirby v. United States, supra, 201 Ct. Cl. 527, 531. Accord, e.g., Mathis v. United States, supra, 183 Ct. Cl. 145, 147-48, 391 F.2d 938, 939; Ellzey v. United States, supra, 219 Ct. Cl. at 590.

Plaintiffs second argument for tolling or deferring limitations is that it was unfair concealment for the Army to limit its concern with the problem of the lack of reserve officers on selection boards so that plaintiff did not earlier become aware of his rights. His assertion is that, because the Army’s convening of reconstituted selection boards for certain classes of officers (those whose original selection boards lacked reserve membership) was not made known to all affected officers,2 and because no such boards were convened for years prior to 1970 (plaintiffs was a 1969 selection board), the Government has committed acts of material, fraudulent concealment warranting the tolling of [832] the limitations period. See, e.g. Mulholland v. United States, 165 Ct. Cl. 231, 233 (1964); Braude v. United States, 218 Ct. Cl. 270, 273-74, 585 F.2d 1049, 1051-52 (1978); Fitzgerald v. Seamans, 553 F.2d 220, 228 (D.C. Cir. 1977).

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Gilmore v. United States, 228 Ct. Cl. 829, 1981 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 414, 1981 WL 21499 (cc 1981).

228 Ct. Cl. 829 (Gilmore v. United States) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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