1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 DARREN GILBERT, No. 1:22-cv-01397-KJM-KJN 12 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS AND ORDER 13 v.
14 RAMOS DIAZ ENTERPRISES, INC., ET AL., 15 Defendants. 16
17 18 Presently pending before the court is plaintiff Darren Gilbert’s (“plaintiff’s”) motion for 19 default judgment against defendants Ramos Diaz Enterprises, Inc., doing business as Guayabitos 20 Restaurant, and defendant Godavri Properties, LLC (hereinafter “defendants”).1 (ECF No. 23.) 21 After defendants failed to file an opposition to the motion, the motion was submitted on 22 the record and written briefing pursuant to Local Rule 230(g). (ECF No. 26.) For the reasons 23 discussed below, the court now recommends that plaintiff’s motion for default judgment be 24 GRANTED. 25 /// 26 /// 27 1 This motion is referred to the undersigned pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B), Federal Rule of 28 Civil Procedure 72, and Local Rule 302(c)(19). 1 I. Background 2 This is a civil rights action filed by plaintiff under Title III of the Americans with 3 Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. §§ 12181-12189) (“ADA”) and related California statutes, 4 alleging discrimination at the store known as Guayabitos at 500 Kansas Avenue, Suite A 5 Modesto, California 95351 (hereinafter “the facility”). (See generally ECF No. 1.) Defendants 6 own and operate the facility and the real property in and on which the facility is located. (Id. at ¶ 7 7.) Plaintiff is a physically disabled man who relies on a wheelchair, knee scooter, or prosthetic 8 for mobility. (Id. at ¶ 8.) 9 Plaintiff alleges that on July 15, 2022, he visited the facility to purchase dinner. (Id. at ¶ 10 10.) Plaintiff parked in a designated accessible parking stall in the facility parking lot, where he 11 found that the curb ramp along the route to the facility entrance projected out into the access aisle 12 and was unevenly and excessively sloped with sharp drop-offs on either side, making it difficult 13 for him to maintain his balance as he ascended and descended the ramp using his prosthetic leg. 14 (Id.) Plaintiff alleges that if he returns to the facility using his wheelchair, it will be difficult for 15 him to unload from his vehicle since the access aisle contains excessive slopes due to the curb 16 ramp. Plaintiff was, and continues to be, deterred from visiting the facility because of this barrier. 17 (Id. at ¶ 12.) 18 A clerk’s default was entered against defendant Ramos Diaz Enterprises, Inc on December 19 5, 2022, and against defendant Godavri Properties, LLC on January 10, 2023. (ECF Nos. 7, 9.) 20 On July 20, 2023, the court declined to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over plaintiff’s Unruh 21 Act Claim. (ECF Nos. 14, 15.) Plaintiff filed the instant motion for default judgment on the 22 ADA Claim on November 17, 2023. (ECF No. 23.) Plaintiff seeks attorneys’ fees and costs in 23 the amount of $3,203.41 and an injunction requiring the removal of the barriers to plaintiff’s 24 access. (ECF No. 23-1 at 10.) 25 II. Legal Standard – Default Judgment 26 Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 55, default may be entered against a party 27 against whom a judgment for affirmative relief is sought who fails to plead or otherwise defend 28 against the action. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 55(a). However, “[a] defendant’s default does not 1 automatically entitle the plaintiff to a court-ordered judgment.” PepsiCo, Inc. v. Cal. Sec. Cans, 2 238 F. Supp. 2d 1172, 1174 (C.D. Cal. 2002) (citing Draper v. Coombs, 792 F.2d 915, 924-25 3 (9th Cir. 1986)). Instead, the decision to grant or deny an application for default judgment lies 4 within the district court’s sound discretion. Aldabe v. Aldabe, 616 F.2d 1089, 1092 (9th Cir. 5 1980). In making this determination, the court considers the following factors: 6 (1) the possibility of prejudice to the plaintiff, (2) the merits of plaintiff’s substantive claim, (3) the sufficiency of the complaint, (4) 7 the sum of money at stake in the action[,] (5) the possibility of a dispute concerning material facts[,] (6) whether the default was due 8 to excusable neglect, and (7) the strong policy underlying the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure favoring decisions on the merits. 9 10 Eitel v. McCool, 782 F.2d 1470, 1471-72 (9th Cir. 1986). Default judgments are ordinarily 11 disfavored. Id. at 1472. 12 As a general rule, once default is entered, well-pleaded factual allegations in the operative 13 complaint are taken as true, except for those allegations relating to damages. TeleVideo Sys., Inc. 14 v. Heidenthal, 826 F.2d 915, 917-18 (9th Cir. 1987) (per curiam) (citing Geddes v. United Fin. 15 Group, 559 F.2d 557, 560 (9th Cir. 1977) (per curiam)); accord Fair Housing of Marin v. Combs, 16 285 F.3d 899, 906 (9th Cir. 2002). In addition, although well-pleaded allegations in the 17 complaint are admitted by a defendant’s failure to respond, “necessary facts not contained in the 18 pleadings, and claims which are legally insufficient, are not established by default.” Cripps v. 19 Life Ins. Co. of N. Am., 980 F.2d 1261, 1267 (9th Cir. 1992) (citing Danning v. Lavine, 572 F.2d 20 1386, 1388 (9th Cir. 1978)); accord DIRECTV, Inc. v. Hoa Huynh, 503 F.3d 847, 854 (9th Cir. 21 2007) (stating that a defendant does not admit facts that are not well-pled or conclusions of law); 22 Abney v. Alameida, 334 F. Supp. 2d 1221, 1235 (S.D. Cal. 2004) (“[A] default judgment may not 23 be entered on a legally insufficient claim”). A party’s default does not establish the amount of 24 damages. Geddes, 559 F.2d at 560. 25 /////// 26 /////// 27 /////// 28 /////// 1 III. Discussion 2 A. The Eitel Factors Weigh in Favor of Granting Default Judgment 3 1. Factor One: Possibility of Prejudice to Plaintiff 4 The first Eitel factor considers whether the plaintiff would suffer prejudice if default 5 judgment is not entered, and such potential prejudice to the plaintiff militates in favor of granting 6 a default judgment. See PepsiCo, Inc., 238 F. Supp. 2d at 1177. Here, plaintiff would potentially 7 face prejudice if the court did not enter a default judgment. Absent entry of a default judgment, 8 plaintiff would be without another recourse against defendants. Accordingly, the first Eitel factor 9 favors the entry of a default judgment. 10 2.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 DARREN GILBERT, No. 1:22-cv-01397-KJM-KJN 12 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS AND ORDER 13 v.
14 RAMOS DIAZ ENTERPRISES, INC., ET AL., 15 Defendants. 16
17 18 Presently pending before the court is plaintiff Darren Gilbert’s (“plaintiff’s”) motion for 19 default judgment against defendants Ramos Diaz Enterprises, Inc., doing business as Guayabitos 20 Restaurant, and defendant Godavri Properties, LLC (hereinafter “defendants”).1 (ECF No. 23.) 21 After defendants failed to file an opposition to the motion, the motion was submitted on 22 the record and written briefing pursuant to Local Rule 230(g). (ECF No. 26.) For the reasons 23 discussed below, the court now recommends that plaintiff’s motion for default judgment be 24 GRANTED. 25 /// 26 /// 27 1 This motion is referred to the undersigned pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B), Federal Rule of 28 Civil Procedure 72, and Local Rule 302(c)(19). 1 I. Background 2 This is a civil rights action filed by plaintiff under Title III of the Americans with 3 Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. §§ 12181-12189) (“ADA”) and related California statutes, 4 alleging discrimination at the store known as Guayabitos at 500 Kansas Avenue, Suite A 5 Modesto, California 95351 (hereinafter “the facility”). (See generally ECF No. 1.) Defendants 6 own and operate the facility and the real property in and on which the facility is located. (Id. at ¶ 7 7.) Plaintiff is a physically disabled man who relies on a wheelchair, knee scooter, or prosthetic 8 for mobility. (Id. at ¶ 8.) 9 Plaintiff alleges that on July 15, 2022, he visited the facility to purchase dinner. (Id. at ¶ 10 10.) Plaintiff parked in a designated accessible parking stall in the facility parking lot, where he 11 found that the curb ramp along the route to the facility entrance projected out into the access aisle 12 and was unevenly and excessively sloped with sharp drop-offs on either side, making it difficult 13 for him to maintain his balance as he ascended and descended the ramp using his prosthetic leg. 14 (Id.) Plaintiff alleges that if he returns to the facility using his wheelchair, it will be difficult for 15 him to unload from his vehicle since the access aisle contains excessive slopes due to the curb 16 ramp. Plaintiff was, and continues to be, deterred from visiting the facility because of this barrier. 17 (Id. at ¶ 12.) 18 A clerk’s default was entered against defendant Ramos Diaz Enterprises, Inc on December 19 5, 2022, and against defendant Godavri Properties, LLC on January 10, 2023. (ECF Nos. 7, 9.) 20 On July 20, 2023, the court declined to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over plaintiff’s Unruh 21 Act Claim. (ECF Nos. 14, 15.) Plaintiff filed the instant motion for default judgment on the 22 ADA Claim on November 17, 2023. (ECF No. 23.) Plaintiff seeks attorneys’ fees and costs in 23 the amount of $3,203.41 and an injunction requiring the removal of the barriers to plaintiff’s 24 access. (ECF No. 23-1 at 10.) 25 II. Legal Standard – Default Judgment 26 Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 55, default may be entered against a party 27 against whom a judgment for affirmative relief is sought who fails to plead or otherwise defend 28 against the action. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 55(a). However, “[a] defendant’s default does not 1 automatically entitle the plaintiff to a court-ordered judgment.” PepsiCo, Inc. v. Cal. Sec. Cans, 2 238 F. Supp. 2d 1172, 1174 (C.D. Cal. 2002) (citing Draper v. Coombs, 792 F.2d 915, 924-25 3 (9th Cir. 1986)). Instead, the decision to grant or deny an application for default judgment lies 4 within the district court’s sound discretion. Aldabe v. Aldabe, 616 F.2d 1089, 1092 (9th Cir. 5 1980). In making this determination, the court considers the following factors: 6 (1) the possibility of prejudice to the plaintiff, (2) the merits of plaintiff’s substantive claim, (3) the sufficiency of the complaint, (4) 7 the sum of money at stake in the action[,] (5) the possibility of a dispute concerning material facts[,] (6) whether the default was due 8 to excusable neglect, and (7) the strong policy underlying the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure favoring decisions on the merits. 9 10 Eitel v. McCool, 782 F.2d 1470, 1471-72 (9th Cir. 1986). Default judgments are ordinarily 11 disfavored. Id. at 1472. 12 As a general rule, once default is entered, well-pleaded factual allegations in the operative 13 complaint are taken as true, except for those allegations relating to damages. TeleVideo Sys., Inc. 14 v. Heidenthal, 826 F.2d 915, 917-18 (9th Cir. 1987) (per curiam) (citing Geddes v. United Fin. 15 Group, 559 F.2d 557, 560 (9th Cir. 1977) (per curiam)); accord Fair Housing of Marin v. Combs, 16 285 F.3d 899, 906 (9th Cir. 2002). In addition, although well-pleaded allegations in the 17 complaint are admitted by a defendant’s failure to respond, “necessary facts not contained in the 18 pleadings, and claims which are legally insufficient, are not established by default.” Cripps v. 19 Life Ins. Co. of N. Am., 980 F.2d 1261, 1267 (9th Cir. 1992) (citing Danning v. Lavine, 572 F.2d 20 1386, 1388 (9th Cir. 1978)); accord DIRECTV, Inc. v. Hoa Huynh, 503 F.3d 847, 854 (9th Cir. 21 2007) (stating that a defendant does not admit facts that are not well-pled or conclusions of law); 22 Abney v. Alameida, 334 F. Supp. 2d 1221, 1235 (S.D. Cal. 2004) (“[A] default judgment may not 23 be entered on a legally insufficient claim”). A party’s default does not establish the amount of 24 damages. Geddes, 559 F.2d at 560. 25 /////// 26 /////// 27 /////// 28 /////// 1 III. Discussion 2 A. The Eitel Factors Weigh in Favor of Granting Default Judgment 3 1. Factor One: Possibility of Prejudice to Plaintiff 4 The first Eitel factor considers whether the plaintiff would suffer prejudice if default 5 judgment is not entered, and such potential prejudice to the plaintiff militates in favor of granting 6 a default judgment. See PepsiCo, Inc., 238 F. Supp. 2d at 1177. Here, plaintiff would potentially 7 face prejudice if the court did not enter a default judgment. Absent entry of a default judgment, 8 plaintiff would be without another recourse against defendants. Accordingly, the first Eitel factor 9 favors the entry of a default judgment. 10 2. Factors Two and Three: The Merits of Plaintiff’s Substantive Claims and 11 the Sufficiency of the Complaint 12 The court considers the merits of plaintiff’s substantive claims and the sufficiency of the 13 complaint together below because of the relatedness of the two inquiries. The court must 14 consider whether the allegations in the complaint are sufficient to state a claim that supports the 15 relief sought. See Danning, 572 F.2d at 1388; PepsiCo, Inc., 238 F. Supp. 2d at 1175. 16 Title III of the ADA provides that “[n]o individual shall be discriminated against on the 17 basis of disability in the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, 18 advantages, or accommodations of any place of public accommodation by any person who owns, 19 leases (or leases to), or operates a place of public accommodation.” 42 U.S.C. § 12182(a). 20 Discrimination includes “a failure to remove architectural barriers . . . in existing facilities . . . 21 where such removal is readily achievable.” Id. § 12182(b)(2)(A)(iv); see also Chapman v. Pier 1 22 Imports (U.S.) Inc., 631 F.3d 939, 945 (9th Cir. 2011) (en banc). The ADA defines the term 23 “readily achievable” as “easily accomplishable and able to be carried out without much difficulty 24 or expense.” 42 U.S.C. § 12181(9). 25 “To prevail on a Title III discrimination claim, the plaintiff must show that (1) [he or she] 26 is disabled within the meaning of the ADA; (2) the defendant is a private entity that owns, leases, 27 or operates a place of public accommodation; and (3) the plaintiff was denied public 28 accommodations by the defendant because of [his or her] disability.” Molski v. M.J. Cable, Inc., 1 481 F.3d 724, 730 (9th Cir. 2007). Furthermore, “[t]o succeed on a ADA claim of discrimination 2 on account of one’s disability due to an architectural barrier, the plaintiff must also prove that: (1) 3 the existing facility at the defendant’s place of business presents an architectural barrier 4 prohibited under the ADA, and (2) the removal of the barrier is readily achievable.” Parr v. L & 5 L Drive-Inn Rest., 96 F. Supp. 2d 1065, 1085 (D. Haw. 2000); accord Hubbard v. 7-Eleven, Inc., 6 433 F. Supp. 2d 1134, 1138 (S.D. Cal. 2006). 7 Here, plaintiff’s complaint alleges: (1) plaintiff is disabled (ECF No. 1 at ¶ 8 ); (2) 8 defendants own, lease, and/or operate the facility, which is a place of public accommodation (id. 9 at ¶¶ 7, 9); (3) plaintiff was denied full and equal access to defendants’ facilities, privileges, and 10 accommodations because of plaintiff’s disability (id. at ¶ 10); (4) defendants’ facility contains a 11 specified architectural barrier—an excessively sloped curb ramp leading up to the entrance—in 12 violation of the ADA (id. at ¶ 10); and (5) defendants had the means and ability to remove such 13 barriers (id. at ¶ 13). Because plaintiff’s allegations are taken as true following the entry of 14 default, the court concludes that plaintiff has met his burden to state a prima facie Title III 15 discrimination claim. 16 Accordingly, the second and third Eitel factors favor the entry of a default judgment. 17 3. Factor Four: The Sum of Money at Stake in the Action 18 Under the fourth factor cited in Eitel, “the court must consider the amount of money at 19 stake in relation to the seriousness of Defendant’s conduct.” PepsiCo, Inc., 238 F. Supp. 2d at 20 1176-77; see also Philip Morris USA, Inc. v. Castworld Prods., Inc., 219 F.R.D. 494, 500 (C.D. 21 Cal. 2003). In this case, plaintiff seeks injunctive relief and attorneys’ fees and costs in the 22 amount of $3,203.41. (ECF No. 23-1 at 10.) The court does not find the overall sum of money at 23 stake to be so large or excessive as to militate against the entry of default judgment. This factor 24 favors the entry of a default judgment. 25 4. Factor Five: The Possibility of a Dispute Concerning Material Facts 26 Because the court may assume the truth of well-pleaded facts in the complaint (except as 27 to damages) following the clerk’s entry of default, there is no likelihood that any genuine issue of 28 material fact exists. See, e.g., Elektra Entm’t Group Inc. v. Crawford, 226 F.R.D. 388, 393 (C.D. 1 Cal. 2005) (“Because all allegations in a well-pleaded complaint are taken as true after the court 2 clerk enters default judgment, there is no likelihood that any genuine issue of material fact 3 exists”); accord Philip Morris USA, Inc., 219 F.R.D. at 500; PepsiCo, Inc., 238 F. Supp. 2d at 4 1177. As such, the court concludes that the fifth Eitel factor favors a default judgment. 5 5. Factor Six: Whether the Default Was Due to Excusable Neglect 6 There is no indication in the record that defendants’ defaults were due to excusable 7 neglect. Accordingly, this Eitel factor favors the entry of a default judgment. 8 6. Factor Seven: The Strong Policy Underlying the Federal Rules of Civil 9 Procedure Favoring Decisions on the Merits 10 “Cases should be decided upon their merits whenever reasonably possible.” Eitel, 782 11 F.2d at 1472. However, district courts have concluded with regularity that this policy, standing 12 alone, is not dispositive, especially where a defendant fails to appear or defend itself in an action. 13 PepsiCo, Inc., 238 F. Supp. 2d at 1177; see also Craigslist, Inc. v. Naturemarket, Inc., 694 F. 14 Supp. 2d 1039, 1061 (N.D. Cal. 2010). Accordingly, although the court is cognizant of the policy 15 in favor of decisions on the merits—and consistent with existing policy would prefer that this 16 case be resolved on the merits—that policy does not, by itself, preclude the entry of default 17 judgment. 18 In sum, after considering and weighing all the Eitel factors, the court concludes that 19 plaintiff is entitled to a default judgment against defendants, and recommends that such a default 20 judgment be entered. 21 IV. Terms of the Judgment to Be Entered 22 After determining that a party is entitled to entry of default judgment, the court must 23 determine the terms of the judgment to be entered. Plaintiff seeks an injunction requiring the 24 removal of the architectural barrier to plaintiff’s access. (ECF No. 23-1 at 10.) Because plaintiff 25 satisfactorily alleged his ADA claim, the court recommends that plaintiff be granted injunctive 26 relief, as described below, to remedy the architectural barrier at issue. 27 Plaintiff also seeks attorneys’ fees and costs in the amount of $3,203.41. (Id.) The ADA 28 specifically contemplates the award of attorneys’ fees and costs. See 42 U.S.C. § 12205. 1 Plaintiff requests $859.41 in costs for pre-filing investigation, the filing fee, and for service of 2 summons, which are reasonable and should be awarded. (ECF Nos. 23-1 at 8.) Attorney Tanya 3 E. Moore spent 4.9 hours on this matter, at a rate of $300 per hour, for a total of $1,470. (ECF 4 No. 23-1 at 7.) Paralegal Whitney Law spent 3.5 hours on this matter, at a rate of $115 per hour, 5 for a total of $402.50. (Id.) Paralegal Isaac Medrano spent 4.1 hours on this matter, for a total of 6 $471.50 at $115 per hour. (Id.) The same rates have been found to be reasonable by court in this 7 district and the hours spent appear reasonable. See Block v. Starbucks, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 8 154849 at * 17-20 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 10, 2018). The court therefore finds the requested amount of 9 attorneys’ fees are also reasonable and therefore recommends attorneys’ costs and fees in the 10 amount of $3,203.41 be awarded. 11 RECOMMENDATIONS 12 For the foregoing reasons, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that: 13 1. Plaintiff’s motion for default judgment (ECF No. 23) be GRANTED; 14 2. Judgment be entered in plaintiff’s favor and against defendants; 15 3. Plaintiff be awarded attorneys’ fees and costs in the amount of $3,203.41; 16 4. Plaintiff be granted an injunction requiring defendants to provide a properly 17 configured accessible curb ramp along the route to the facility entrance at the 18 property known as Guayabitos Restaurant, located at 501 Kansas Avenue, Suite A 19 in Modesto, California (“the Facility”), such that each item is brought into 20 compliance with the accessibility requirements of the Americans with Disabilities 21 Act and California Code of Regulations, Title 24; 22 5. The Clerk of Court be directed to close this case. 23 These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District Judge 24 assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within fourteen (14) 25 days after being served with these findings and recommendations, any party may file written 26 objections with the court and serve a copy on all parties. Such a document should be captioned 27 “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” Any reply to the objections 28 shall be served on all parties and filed with the court within fourteen (14) days after service of the 1 || objections. The parties are advised that failure to file objections within the specified time may 2 || waive the right to appeal the District Court’s order. Turner v. Duncan, 158 F.3d 449, 455 (9th 3 || Cir. 1998); Martinez v. YIst, 951 F.2d 1153, 1156-57 (9th Cir. 1991). 4 ORDER 5 IT IS ALSO HEREBY ORDERED that plaintiff shall forthwith personally serve a copy of 6 || this order and findings and recommendations on defendants at 501 Kansas Avenue, Suite A in 7 || Modesto, California and file proof of service with the court within seven days of this order. 8 | Dated: February 12, 2024 □□ / del a CAROLYNK. DELANEY 10 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 11 RS, gilb.1397 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28