George Linskie Co. v. Miller-Picking Corp.

456 S.W.2d 519, 1970 Tex. App. LEXIS 2285
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedJune 25, 1970
DocketNo. 4901
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 456 S.W.2d 519 (George Linskie Co. v. Miller-Picking Corp.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
George Linskie Co. v. Miller-Picking Corp., 456 S.W.2d 519, 1970 Tex. App. LEXIS 2285 (Tex. Ct. App. 1970).

Opinion

OPINION

WILSON, Justice.

Summary judgment that plaintiff-appellant take nothing was rendered as to most of the items in its action on a sworn account. The principal question is whether, as a matter of law, defendant’s check was tendered to plaintiff conditioned on settlement of a disputed claim so as to constitute an accord and satisfaction, rather than as part payment as plaintiff contends. This question turns on whether defendant’s letter transmitting the check, quoted in the appendix, requires such construction.

Plaintiff alleged it contracted to install air conditioning equipment manufactured and sold to it by defendant; that the equipment delivered by defendant was defective, and the defects caused damage; that plaintiff performed labor and furnished material to correct the defects and damage at defendant’s special instance and request, and for which defendant agreed to pay, in the total sum of $17,218.20 as shown by itemized invoices attached to the petition. It was alleged defendant had paid $6,412.80 on the account (including $5812.80 represented by the check in question), and judgment was sought for the balance. Defendant pleaded the payment by the $5812.80 check was tendered and accepted in full settlement of the claim, disputed in good faith, and constituted an accord and satisfaction of claims included in all but one of the invoices, which is not involved in the summary judgment. The trial court sustained defendant’s motion which asserted that the payment was tendered and accepted so as to constitute an accord and satisfaction.

The letter of transmittal quoted in the appendix enclosed the check for $5812.80, on which there was no notation. Plaintiff cashed the check and applied it as part payment.

There is little difficulty in ascertaining the rules which must govern decision. They are most recently summarized by the Supreme Court in Industrial Life Insurance Company v. Finley 382 S.W.2d 100 (Tex.Sup.1964); H. L. “Brownie” Choate, Inc. v. Southland Drilling Co., 447 S.W.2d 676 (Tex.Sup.1969); and Jenkins v. Henry C. Beck Company, 449 S.W.2d 454 (Tex.Sup.1970). The difficulty lies in application of the settled rules to the letter of transmittal.

It is obvious that there existed, without question, a “bona fide dispute” as to defendant’s liability. It is also' undisputed that [521]*521the statement in the letter transmitting the check expresses “the basis of its tender”. It is unequivocally stated that it was to cover expenses for which liability was admitted, and others for which it was denied, “as an indication of our policy to stand behind our product.” Each item in each invoice was analyzed in the letter. On some the conclusion was clearly, explicitly and unequivocally stated that they are “not our responsibility”, are “not our expense”, “are not covered”, and “we will not be able to honor”. Other items, it was stated, “we will honor”, “are covered by the enclosed check”, and “are included” in the check. The total of the items in the invoices which defendant’s letter stated were covered by or included in the check was the amount of the check, $5,812.80.

The check was tendered as “this total payment of $5,812.80 for charges against this project through April 25, 1967”, which defendant stated it felt was “quite equitable”.

The letter must be held to be so clear and unequivocal that it is not reasonably susceptible of the interpretation that the check was tendered in part payment, as plaintiff now urges.

In our opinion, under the tests summarized in Jenkins v. Henry C. Beck Company, above, and the other cited cases, the letter conclusively establishes that the check was tendered in full satisfaction of the entire claim; that there was an unmistakable communication of the condition of acceptance which the creditor was “bound to understand”; and an assent by the creditor in cashing the check, which constitutes an accord and satisfaction.

Defendant emphasizes against the judgment that such words as “in full settlement” or “payment in full” do not appear on the check or in the letter. These words are not essential where the effect of the tender is clear, as it is here. Knutson v. Ripson, 163 Tex. 312, 354 S.W.2d 575, 576 (1962); City of Mesquite v. Rawlins, 399 S.W.2d 162, 168 (Tex.Civ.App., Tyler 1966), writ ref. n. r. e.; Early-Foster Co. v. W. F. Klump & Co., 229 S.W. 1015, 1019 (Tex.Civ.App., Austin 1921); 1 Tex.Jur.2d 234, Sec. 35; 1 C.J.S. Accord and Satisfaction § 33, p. 524.

After rendering summary judgment on that portion of the claim arising before August 25, 1967, the court proceeded to trial by jury of the balance, represented by an additional invoice, and rendered judgment for plaintiff on the jury verdict for $3,028.81. No complaint is made by plaintiff of this portion of the judgment. Defendant presents a cross-point complaining of admission of evidence, which does not reflect reversible error. It is overruled.

Plaintiff sought recovery of attorney’s fees, and says its claim was for labor performed and material furnished as itemized in its sworn account, so as to entitle it to recovery under Art. 2226, Vernon’s Ann. Civ.Stat. Defendant’s objections to plaintiff’s offer of proof of reasonable attorney’s fees were sustained. The objections were: (1) that plaintiff had previously rested, and since the evidence on attorney’s fees was not in rebuttal it came too late; and (2) that plaintiff’s action was founded on a written purchase contract, and the warranty contained in it. Defendant argues that the suit is one, therefore, “resting upon special contract”, such that no attorney’s fees are recoverable.

Defendant says its position is that the evidence as to attorney’s fees was properly excluded “for the reason that plaintiff’s claim does not come within the purview of Art. 2226”.

It is true, as defendant points out, that plaintiff’s pleading states it is a suit “founded upon a contract”; but this was in connection with application for service on a foreign corporation as provided by Art. 2031b, V.A.C.S., and the pleading alleges both an express and an implied contract. The petition alleged the labor and material itemized was performed and furnished “at defendant’s special instance and request” [522]*522as well as pursuant to an oral and written agreement.

The evidence was that defendant “agreed to pay us for doing the work”, and “we would be reimbursed for the charges”. The word, “warranty” was mentioned in the evidence, but plaintiff testified, “that is our warranty” which is referred to, and “dosen’t have anything to do with Miller-Picking’s warranty”. The cause of action is not breach of warranty. It rests on a request by defendant to plaintiff to perform labor and furnish material. Defendant’s letter, which was introduced on its defense of accord and satisfaction, refers to its “standard product warranty”, and states it had honored “invoices not covered by the warranty”; but the record does not so limit plaintiff’s cause of action.

In deciding whether plaintiff’s claim for attorney’s fees is maintainable we are required to apply the decision in Tenneco Oil Company v.

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Related

George Linskie Co. v. Miller-Picking Corp.
463 S.W.2d 170 (Texas Supreme Court, 1971)
Baize v. Baize
460 S.W.2d 255 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 1970)

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456 S.W.2d 519, 1970 Tex. App. LEXIS 2285, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/george-linskie-co-v-miller-picking-corp-texapp-1970.