Ford v. 24/7, Inc.

• Court: District Court, N.D. California
• Decided: January 28, 2022
• Docket: 5:18-cv-02770
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 1

2 FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

4 MICHAEL FORD, NOE GAMBOA, and Case No.: 5:18-cv-02770-BLF 5 MADISON COPELAND, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFFS’ 6 MOTION FOR FINAL APPROVAL Plaintiffs, 7 OF THE CLASS-ACTION v. SETTLEMENT AND FOR 8 ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND COSTS [24]7.AI, INC., AND SERVICE AWARDS; AND 9 ENTERING FINAL JUDGMENT AND 10 Defendant. DISMISSAL

11 Hon. Beth Labson Freeman

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 Plaintiffs Michael Ford, Noe Gamboa, and Madison Copeland (collectively, “Plaintiffs”) and 2 Defendant [24]7.AI, Inc. (“[24]7”), have agreed to a settlement, the terms and conditions of which are 3 set forth in an executed Settlement Agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”). The parties reached the 4 Settlement through arm’s-length negotiations following mediation. Under the Settlement, subject to the 5 terms and conditions therein and subject to Court approval, Settlement Class Members are eligible to 6 receive reimbursement of up to $2,000 (in total) for the following categories of out-pocket expenses 7 resulting from the Data Incident: (i) unreimbursed bank fees; (ii) unreimbursed card reissuance fees; 8 (iii) unreimbursed overdraft fees; (iv) unreimbursed charges related to unavailability of funds; (v) 9 unreimbursed late fees; (vi) unreimbursed over-limit fees; (vii) long distance telephone charges; (viii) 10 cell minutes (if charged by minute), Internet usage charges (if charged by the minute or by the amount 11 of data usage and incurred solely as a result of the Data Incident), and text messages (if charged by the 12 message and incurred solely as a result of the Data Incident); (ix) unreimbursed charges from banks or 13 credit card companies; (x) interest on payday loans due to card cancellation or due to over-limit 14 situation incurred solely as a result of the Data Incident; (xi) costs of credit report(s) purchased by 15 Settlement Class Members between September 27, 2017 and the date of the Claims Deadline (with 16 affirmative statement by Settlement Class member that it was purchased primarily because of the Data 17 Incident); (xii) costs associated with freezing and/or unfreezing credit reports with any credit reporting 18 agency (with affirmative statement by Settlement Class member that the charge was incurred primarily 19 because of the Data Incident); and (xii) costs of fraud resolution services incurred by Settlement Class 20 Members between September 27, 2017 and the date the Claims Deadline (with affirmative statement by 21 Settlement Class member that the cost was incurred primarily because of the Data Incident and not for 22 other purposes, and with proof of purchase). To receive reimbursement for any of the above-referenced 23 out-of-pocket expenses, Settlement Class Members must submit documentation. 24 Settlement Class Members are also eligible to receive up to three hours of lost time spent 25 dealing with the Data Incident (calculated at the rate of $20 per hour), as long as one full hour was 26 spent and the Settlement Class Member attests on the Claim Form to the time spent. To receive up to 27 three hours in lost time, Settlement Class members need not submit any documentation of that lost 28 time, but Settlement Class members must attest that the time claimed was spent dealing with the Data 1 Incident. Settlement Class Members may claim an additional two hours of lost time if they can provide 2 adequate documentation of those additional two hours spent dealing with the Data Incident. 3 In exchange for these considerations, Plaintiffs and the proposed Settlement Class would fully, 4 finally, and forever resolve, discharge, and release their claims against [24]7, related to the Data Incident, 5 which resulted in unauthorized access to customer payment card data and personally identifiable 6 information (“PII”), without admission of liability by [24]7. In addition, Proposed Co-Lead Settlement 7 Class Counsel has moved the Court for an award of attorneys’ fees and costs not to exceed $450,000, 8 and [24]7 has agreed to a service award of $2,000 for each Class Representative. Such amounts will be 9 paid separately by [24]7 and will not reduce the amount of payments to Class Members who submit valid 10 claims. 11 The Settlement has been filed with the Court, and Plaintiffs and Class Counsel filed a Motion for 12 Final Approval of Class Settlement (the “Motion”). Upon considering the Motions and exhibits thereto, 13 the Settlement, the record in these proceedings, the representations and recommendations of Class 14 Counsel, and the requirements of law, the Court finds that: (1) this Court has jurisdiction over the subject 15 matter and parties to these proceedings; (2) for settlement purposes only, the proposed Settlement Class 16 meets the requirements of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23 and is certified; (3) the persons and entities 17 identified below should be appointed Class Representatives and Class Counsel; (4) the Settlement is the 18 result of informed, good-faith, arm’s-length negotiations between the parties and their capable and 19 experienced counsel and is not the result of collusion; (5) the Settlement is fair, reasonable, and adequate 20 and is finally approved; (6) the Notice Program and forms of Notice satisfied Federal Rule of Civil 21 Procedure 23 and constitutional due process requirements, and were reasonably calculated under the 22 circumstances to apprise the Settlement Class of the pendency of the Action, class certification, the terms 23 of the Settlement, Class Counsel’s application for an award of attorneys’ fees, costs and expenses (“Fee 24 Application”) and request for Service Award for Plaintiffs, and their rights to opt-out of the Settlement 25 Class and object to the Settlement, Class Counsel’s Fee Motion, and/or the request for Service Award for 26 Plaintiffs; and (7) the other related matters pertinent to the final approval of the Settlement should also 27 be approved. 28 1 Based on the foregoing, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED AND ADJUDGED as follows: 2 1. As used in this Order, capitalized terms shall have the definitions and meanings 3 accorded to them in the Settlement. 4 2. The Court has jurisdiction over the subject matter and parties to this proceeding pursuant 5 to 28 U.S.C. § 1332. 6 3. This Court also has jurisdiction to approve the Settlement’s release of claims by 7 Settlement Class Members over which the Court has jurisdiction, even if the Court would not 8 independently have jurisdiction over those released claims. See Reyn’s Pasta Bella, LLC v. Visa USA, 9 Inc., 442 F.3d 741, 748 (9th Cir. 2006) (quoting Class Plaintiffs v. City of Seattle, 955 F.2d 1268, 1287- 10 88 (9th Cir. 1992) (“[A] federal court may release not only claims alleged in the complaint, but also state 11 claims arising from the same nucleus of operative facts over which the court would not have jurisdictional 12 competence.”)). 13 4. Venue is proper in this District. 14 Final Settlement Approval, Class Certification, and Appointments 15 5. The Court, having fully reviewed Plaintiffs’ Motion, the supporting Memorandum and 16 Declarations filed in support thereof, and for the reasons stated in the Preliminary Approval Order, 17 determines that the Settlement is the product of thorough, serious, informed, and non-collusive 18 negotiations between experienced attorneys familiar with the legal and factual issues of this case; does 19 not improperly grant preferential treatment to the Settlement Class Representatives or segments of the 20 Class; and is fair, reasonable, and adequate within the meaning of Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil 21 Procedure, such that final approval of the Settlement should be granted. The Court finally approves the 22 Settlement as fair, reasonable, and adequate. The Court finds that the Settlement was reached in the 23 absence of collusion, and is the product of informed, good-faith, arm’s-length negotiations between the 24 parties, and their capable and experienced counsel under the supervision of a mediator. 25 6. Pursuant to Rule 23(e), the Court further finds and determines that the terms of the 26 Settlement are fair, reasonable, and adequate to, and in the best interests of, the Class Representatives 27 and each Settlement Class Member and is consistent and in compliance with all requirements of due 28 process and federal law. The Court finds that Settlement Class Members who have not opted out will be 1 bound by the Settlement, that the Settlement is ordered finally approved, and that all terms and provisions 2 of the Settlement should be and hereby are ordered to be consummated. The Court specifically finds that 3 the Settlement is rationally related to the strength of Plaintiffs’ claims given the risk, expense, complexity, 4 and duration of further litigation, liability and damages issues, and potential appeals of rulings. This Court 5 also finds that the Settlement is the result of arms’-length negotiations between experienced counsel 6 representing the interests of the Settlement Class Members, Class Representatives and [24]7, under the 7 supervision of an experienced and independent third-party mediator, after thorough factual and legal 8 investigation. 9 7. The Court finds that this Settlement complies with the Northern District of California's 10 Procedural Guidance for Class Action Settlements. 11 8. The Court finds, for settlement purposes only, that the Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23 12 factors are present and that certification of the Settlement Class is appropriate under Rule 23. The Court, 13 therefore, certifies the following Settlement Class: 14 All persons who were mailed notification by Best Buy of the Data Incident perpetrated on 15 [24]7 in the fall of 2017. The Settlement Class specifically excludes: (i) [24]7, Best Buy, and 16 their respective officers and directors; (ii) all Settlement Class Members who timely and validly request exclusion from the Settlement Class; (iii) the Judge assigned to evaluate the 17 fairness of this settlement; and (iv) any other Person found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be guilty under criminal law of initiating, causing, aiding or abetting the criminal activity 18 occurrence of the Data Incident or who pleads nolo contendere to any such charge. 19 20 9. Specifically, the Court finds, for settlement purposes only, that the Settlement Class 21 satisfies the following factors of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23: 22 (a) Numerosity: In the Action there are approximately 378,768 Class members across 23 the United States. Their joinder is impracticable. Thus, the Rule 23(a)(1) numerosity requirement is met. 24 See Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(a)(1); Hanlon v. Chrysler Corp., 150 F.3d 1011, 1019 (9th Cir. 1998). 25 (b) Commonality: The bar for proving commonality is met when there is at least one 26 issue whose resolution will affect all or a significant number of the putative class members. See Wal- 27 Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes, 564 U.S. 338, 350 (2011). Here, the commonality requirement is satisfied for 28 settlement purposes because there are many questions of law and fact common to the Settlement Class 1 regarding [24]7’s Data Incident. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(a) (2). There are multiple questions of law and 2 fact that center on whether [24]7 was culpable in failing to prevent the Data Incident, which are common 3 to the Settlement Class. 4 (c) Typicality: Plaintiffs are typical of absent Settlement Class Members because they 5 were subjected to the same [24]7 conduct, had their information placed at risk in the same manner as all 6 Class Members, and because they will also benefit from the relief provided by the Settlement. Rule 7 23(a)(3) is therefore satisfied. See Just Film, Inc. v. Buono, 847 F.3d 1108, 1118 (9th Cir. 2017) (“it is 8 sufficient for typicality if the plaintiff endured a course of conduct directed against the class”). 9 (d) Adequacy: Adequacy under Rule 23(a)(4) relates to: (1) whether the proposed 10 class representatives have interests antagonistic to the Settlement Class; and (2) whether the proposed 11 class counsel has the competence to undertake the litigation at issue. Staton v. Boeing Co., 327 F.3d 938, 12 957 (9th Cir. 2003) (adequacy satisfied if plaintiffs and their counsel lack conflicts of interest and are 13 willing to prosecute the action vigorously on behalf of the class). Rule 23(a)(4) is satisfied here because 14 there are no conflicts of interest between the Plaintiffs and the Settlement Class, and Plaintiffs have 15 retained competent counsel to represent them and the Settlement Class. Class Counsel here regularly 16 engage in consumer class litigation and other complex litigation similar to the present Action and have 17 dedicated substantial resources to prosecuting the Action. Moreover, Plaintiffs and Class Counsel have 18 vigorously and competently represented the Settlement Class Members’ interests in the Action. 19 (e) Predominance and Superiority: Rule 23(b)(3) is satisfied for settlement purposes, 20 as well, because the common legal and alleged factual issues here predominate over individualized issues, 21 and resolution of the common issues for thousands of Settlement Class Members in a single, coordinated 22 proceeding is superior to many individual lawsuits addressing the same legal and factual issues. With 23 respect to predominance, Rule 23(b)(3) requires that “the questions of law or fact common to class 24 members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members, and a class action is 25 superior to other available methods for fairly and efficiently adjudicating the controversy.” Fed. R. Civ. 26 P. 23(b)(3); see Hanlon v. Chrysler Corp., 150 F.3d 1011, 1022 (9th Cir. 1998). Based on the record 27 currently before the Court, the predominance requirement is satisfied here for settlement purposes 28 because common questions present a significant aspect of the case and because class-wide relief can 1 fairly be provided for all Settlement Class Members through a single common judgment. 2 10. The Court confirms as final the appointment of Plaintiffs Michael Ford, Noe Gamboa, and 3 Madison Copeland as the Class Representatives. 4 11. The Court confirms as final the appointment of the following persons and entities as Class 5 Counsel who shall be responsible for handling all Settlement-related matters on behalf of Plaintiffs and 6 the Settlement Class:

7 Melissa S. Weiner, as Class Counsel 8 PEARSON, SIMON & WARSHAW, LLP 800 LaSalle Avenue, Suite 2150 9 Minneapolis, MN 55402 Telephone: (612) 389 0600 10 mweiner@pswlaw.com 11 Michael F. Ram, as Class Counsel 12 MORGAN & MORGAN COMPLEX LITIGATION GROUP 13 711 Van Ness Avenue, Suite 500 14 San Francisco, CA 94102 Telephone: (415) 358-6913 15 mram@ForThePeople.com 16 Final Approval of Notice and Notice Program and Appointment of Administrator 17 12. Pursuant to the Preliminary Approval Order, the notice documents were sent to Settlement 18 Class Members by email or by first-class mail, and the Claims Administrator also created the Settlement 19 Website, established a 24/7 operational toll-free number, 1-855-535-1873, for Settlement Class Members 20 to call and obtain additional information regarding the Settlement through an Interactive Voice Recording 21 (“IVR”) system with pre-recorded information about the Settlement, and also established a dedicated 22 email inbox, info@247ClassSettlement.com, and a dedicated mailing address, P.O. Box 6509, Portland, 23 Oregon 97228-6509, allowing Settlement Class Members to contact the Claims Administrator with any 24 specific requests or questions about the Settlement. The Court finds that the manner and form of notice 25 (the “Notice Program”) set forth in the Settlement Agreement was provided to Settlement Class 26 Members. The Court finds that the Notice Program, as implemented, was the best practicable under the 27 circumstances. The Notice Program was reasonably calculated under the circumstances to apprise the 28 1 Settlement Class of the pendency of the Action, class certification, the terms of the Settlement, and their 2 rights to opt-out of the Settlement Class and object to the Settlement, Class Counsel’s fee request, and 3 the request for Service Award for Plaintiffs. The Notice and notice program constituted sufficient notice 4 to all persons entitled to notice. The Notice and notice program satisfy all applicable requirements of law, 5 including, but not limited to, Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23 and the constitutional requirement of 6 due process. 7 13. Pursuant to CAFA, at the direction of counsel for Defendant, within 10 days after the 8 filing of the motion seeking preliminary approval of the Settlement, 57 officials, which included the 9 Attorney General of the United States and the Attorney General of each of the 50 states, the District of 10 Columbia and the United States Territories were identified to receive the CAFA notice. On July 12, 2021, 11 the Claims Administrator sent 57 CAFA Notice Packages via USPS Certified Mail to 56 officials, 12 including the Attorneys General of each of the 50 states, the District of Columbia and the United States 13 Territories. The Notice was also sent by UPS to the Attorney General of the United States. The Notice 14 Packages included copy of the complaint and any amended complaints in this action, including any 15 materials filed with the complaints; the Notice of Motion and Motion for Preliminary Approval of Class 16 Action Settlement, all Exhibits and Declarations thereto, which included a notice of the scheduled 17 preliminary approval hearing in this class action; copies of the Settlement; the proposed Notice; and a 18 chart providing estimates of the number of Settlement Class Members in each state. This Final Approval 19 Order is being entered at least 90 days after the latest of the dates on which the appropriate federal and 20 state officials were served with the notice of proposed settlement. The Court finds and determines that 21 [24]7’s notice of Settlement was timely, adequate, and compliant with the statutory requirements of 22 CAFA. Accordingly, 28 U.S.C. § 1715(e) has no application to the Settlement. 23 14. The Court finally confirms appointment of Epiq Systems, Inc. as the Settlement 24 Administrator. 25 15. All fees and costs associated with the Notice Program shall be paid by [24]7, as set forth 26 in the Settlement. 27 16. Epiq Systems, Inc. is directed to perform all responsibilities assigned to the Settlement 28 Administrator in the Settlement. 1 Final Approval Hearing, Opt-Outs, and Objections 2 17. The Court held a Final Approval Hearing on January 27, 2022, to consider the fairness, 3 reasonableness, and adequacy of the Settlement. There is one objection to the Settlement, ECF No. 132, 4 submitted by Shannon Brown (“the Objector”). The Objector was provided an opportunity to address the 5 Court via Zoom at the final approval hearing, but did not appear. The Objector complains that Class 6 Counsel “despite fiduciary duties to the Class, only provide an asymmetric method to ‘exclude’ oneself 7 from the Class and thus make exclusion more difficult and costly.” In the Objector’s view, this creates 8 “an inherent impediment” to exclusion from the Class. The Objector asks that the Court reject the 9 Settlement Agreement and require Class Counsel to provide new notice to all Class Members “with a 10 fair, compliant, and symmetric method for Class Members to fairly choose to join, exclude, or object to 11 any proposed settlement.” It is unclear what the Objector means by asserting that only an “asymmetric” 12 method to request exclusion from the Class is provided. The Settlement Agreement sets forth a simple, 13 straightforward means for opting out by mailing a written notice to the designated Post Office box 14 established by the Claims Administrator. The written notice need only “clearly manifest a Person’s intent 15 to be excluded from the Settlement Class.” Settlement Agreement 4.1. Two individuals successfully 16 opted out of the Class. Having given the objection careful consideration, the Court finds that it does not 17 provide a factual or legal basis for rejecting the Settlement Agreement. The objection therefore is 18 OVERRULED. 19 18. The Court finds that Settlement Class Members who filed valid requests for exclusion will 20 not have their rights shall affected by the Settlement, and they shall not receive any of the benefits of the 21 Settlement. A list of Settlement Class Members who filed valid requests for exclusion is attached hereto 22 as Exhibit 1. 23 19. Upon entry of this Order, the remaining Settlement Class Members, and all and each of 24 them, are hereby bound by the terms set forth in the Settlement Agreement. 25 Post-Distribution Accounting 26 20. Plaintiffs and Class Counsel shall, within 21 days after the distribution of the settlement 27 funds, file a Post-Distribution Accounting, as described in the Northern District’s Procedural Guidance 28 for Class Action Settlements, informing the Court about the administration of the settlement. 1 21. The Post-Distribution Accounting shall describe the total settlement fund, the total 2 number of class members, the total number of class members to whom notice was sent and not returned 3 as undeliverable, the number and percentage of claim forms submitted, the number and percentage of 4 opt-outs, the number and percentage of objections, the average and median recovery per claimant, the 5 largest and smallest amounts paid to class members, the method(s) of notice and the method(s) of 6 payment to class members, the number and value of checks not cashed, the amounts distributed to each 7 cy pres recipient, the administrative costs, the attorneys’ fees and costs, the attorneys’ fees in terms of 8 percentage of the settlement fund, and the multiplier, if any. 9 Attorneys’ Fees, Costs, and Expenses, and Class Representative Service Awards 10 22. Class Counsel attest to performing substantial work on behalf of the Settlement Class 11 Members, totaling at least 813.10 hours valued at $580,867.80 in lodestar as of October 13, 2021, which 12 does not include time spent preparing the Motion for Final Approval or attending the Final Approval 13 Hearing, or any future work, such as defending appeals, if any. “Under Ninth Circuit law, the district 14 court has discretion in common fund cases to choose either the percentage-of-the-fund or the lodestar 15 method.” Vizcaino v. Microsoft Corp., 290 F.3d 1043, 1047 (9th Cir. 2002); In re Bluetooth Headset 16 Products Liab. Litig., 654 F.3d 935, 942 (9th Cir. 2011). 17 23. The Court finds that the lodestar method is proper here. See Fischel v. Equitable Life 18 Assur. Soc’y of U.S., 307 F.3d 997, 1007 (9th Cir. 2002) (“There is a strong presumption that the lodestar 19 figure represents a reasonable fee.”). The Court further finds the hours worked by Class Counsel to be 20 reasonably incurred for the benefit of the Settlement Class Members. Class Counsel’s hourly rates are 21 reasonable considering the market for legal services of this type and quality. The Court confirms as final 22 the appointment of Co-Lead Class Counsel and Class Counsel, as noted above. The Court finds that Class 23 Counsel have capably and effectively represented the Settlement Class Members’ interests. The Court 24 finds and determines that the payment of $450,000 in attorneys’ fees and litigation costs and expenses— 25 representing a multiplier of 0.72 based upon Class Counsel’s lodestar—to Class Counsel, is fair and 26 reasonable, especially in light of their commendable work on this case. The Court finds that all costs and 27 expenses were necessarily and reasonably incurred. 28 1 24. The Court confirms as final the appointment of Michael Ford, Noe Gamboa, and Madison 2 Copeland as Class Representatives of the Settlement Class. The Court finds that the Class 3 Representatives have adequately represented the Settlement Class for purposes of litigating this matter 4 and entering into and implementing the Settlement. The Court finds that the Class Representative Service 5 Awards, in addition to any payments to which they may be entitled under the Settlement, is fair and 6 reasonable. The Court approves the $2,000 Service Awards to the Class Representatives as fair and 7 reasonable. The payment shall be made to the Class Representatives separate from the Settlement Fund 8 in accordance with the terms of the Settlement. 9 Release 10 25. The Court has reviewed the releases in section 6 of the Settlement and finds it to be fair, 11 reasonable, and enforceable under Rule 23 and all other applicable law. 12 Effect of Failure to Approve the Settlement or Termination 13 26. In the event the Settlement does not reach its Effective Date or otherwise become Final, 14 or the Settlement is terminated pursuant to its terms for any reason, this Final Approval Order will be 15 automatically vacated upon notice to the Court, and the following shall apply: 16 (a) All orders and findings entered in connection with the Settlement shall become null and 17 void and have no further force and effect, shall not be used or referred to for any purposes whatsoever, 18 and shall not be admissible or discoverable in any other proceeding; 19 (b) All of the Parties’ respective pre-Settlement claims and defenses will be preserved; 20 (c) Nothing contained in this Order is, or may be construed as, any admission or concession 21 by or against [24]7 or Plaintiffs on any point of fact or law; and 22 (d) Neither the Settlement terms nor any publicly disseminated information regarding the 23 Settlement, including, without limitation, the Notice, court filings, orders and public statements, may be 24 used as evidence. In addition, neither the fact of, nor any documents relating to, either party’s withdrawal 25 from the Settlement, and/or any objections or interventions may be used as evidence. 26 Final Judgment and Dismissal 27 27. By means of this Final Approval Order, this Court hereby enters final judgment in this 28 action, as defined in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 58(a)(1). 1 28. Without affecting the finality of the Court’s judgment in any way, the Court retains 2 || jurisdiction over the Named Plaintiffs, the Settlement Class and [24]7 as to all matters concerning the 3 || administration, consummation and enforcement of the Settlement Agreement. Nothing in this Final 4 || Approval Order will preclude any action to enforce the Parties’ obligations under the Settlement or under 5 || this order, including the requirement that [24]7 make the settlement payments in accordance with the 6 || terms of the Settlement. 7 29. The Parties are hereby ordered to comply with the terms of the Settlement. The Parties, 8 || without further approval from the Court, may mutually agree to and adopt such amendments, 9 || modifications and expansions of the Settlement Agreement as: (i) shall be consistent in all material 10 || respects with this Order; and (ii) do not limit the rights of Settlement Class Members. 11 30. It is ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that this Action is dismissed on the merits and with 12 || prejudice, each side to bear its own costs and attorneys’ fees except as provided by the Settlement and 13 Court’s orders. This is the FINAL JUDGMENT of the Court in this action. 14 15 16 || Dated: January 28, 2022 [ ep f [ Ly omar) HON. BETH LABSON FREEMAN United States District Judge 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

EXHIBIT 1 Excluded Settlement Class Members

1. Matthew Streit 2. Anthony W. Andruk 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.