Ex Parte Ybarra

629 S.W.2d 943, 1982 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 931
CourtCourt of Criminal Appeals of Texas
DecidedMarch 31, 1982
Docket68832
StatusPublished
Cited by157 cases

This text of 629 S.W.2d 943 (Ex Parte Ybarra) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Ex Parte Ybarra, 629 S.W.2d 943, 1982 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 931 (Tex. 1982).

Opinions

OPINION

CLINTON, Judge.

This is a post conviction application for writ of habeas corpus under the ambit of Article 11.07, V.A.C.C.P.

On October 18, 1969, Israel Hinojos was shot in the chest just after he had driven up to his parents’ home. His parents, who were the first to reach their son, did not see who fired the shot, but did hear a car drive away. The victim’s cousin, who arrived at the Hinojos residence twenty minutes later, stated that shortly before the shooting he had encountered applicant and several other Hispanic males in a parked car.1 They threatened “to get” Israel because of an earlier fight. While they were talking Israel drove by in his car; a car in which applicant was riding followed. As a result of this information, applicant and another Hispanic male were arrested later in the evening and charged with murder with malice. Applicant and two other Hispanic males were ultimately indicted for the offense.2 Applicant’s family retained Bill [G. Alexander of Odessa] to represent applicant at trial. However, because applicant had only paid part of Alexander’s fee the day before trial, Alexander assigned the newest associate in his firm, Michael McLeaish, to represent applicant in his murder trial. On January 22, 1971, applicant was convicted of the offense of murder with malice; punishment was assessed by the jury at ninety nine years. On direct appeal the Court affirmed the judgment of conviction without dissent. Ybarra v. State, 486 S.W.2d 937 (Tex.Cr.App.1972).

Having exhausted his avenue of direct appeal, applicant filed an application for writ of habeas corpus in the 70th Judicial District Court of Ector County on March 12, 1981, alleging that he was denied effective assistance of counsel during the murder trial. On May 26, 1981, a hearing was held on [945]*945applicant’s application. The judge of the habeas court entered findings of fact and conclusions of law agreeing that all of the contentions in applicant’s application were true. The judge, in recommending that relief in all things be granted, entered an order on June 8, 1981, granting applicant a new trial. Applicant was appointed counsel, stipulated to the evidence, and entered a plea of guilty to the offense of murder with malice. Punishment was assessed by the court at thirty years.

From our examination of the record, we are convinced that applicant was not afforded effective assistance of counsel; so we will vacate the judgment of conviction, and grant the relief sought.

I.

Before reviewing the habeas court’s decision to provide relief on application for writ of habeas corpus, we must first determine whether the court was authorized to grant ten years later an out of time new trial. Generally a motion for new trial must be determined within twenty days after it has been filed or it will be deemed overruled by operation of law. Article 40.05, V.A.C.C.P.;3 Trevino v. State, 565 S.W.2d 938 (Tex.Cr.App.1978); Abrams v. State, 563 S.W.2d 610 (Tex.Cr.App.1978); McIntosh v. State, 534 S.W.2d 143 (Tex.Cr.App.1976); Resendez v. State, 523 S.W.2d 700 (Tex.Cr.App.1975).

At the time of the trial court’s action on June 8, 1981, applicant’s motion for new trial filed on February 4, 1971, had already been overruled by operation of law. Applicant did not reurge his motion for new trial at the hearing on the writ of habeas corpus. There was in fact, at the time, no motion for new trial for the court to rule upon. Therefore, the court’s action must be characterized as granting a new trial of its own accord.

The question then arises whether the trial court acting sua sponte had the authority to grant an out of time motion for new trial. We find that it did not in these premises.4

A motion for new trial in a criminal case may be granted only on the timely made motion of a defendant and the trial court has no authority to grant a new trial on its own motion. Zaragosa v. State, 588 S.W.2d 322 (Tex.Cr.App.1979). In Zarago-sa, the trial court granted a new trial after defendant’s motion for new trial had been overruled by operation of law. This Court characterized the trial court’s action as granting a motion for new trial of its own accord, and stated:

“We are not unmindful of the provisions of Article 40.09, § 12, V.A.C.C.P., as to the authority of the trial court to grant a new trial during the appellate process, but we conclude that such authority is limited by its very provisions of the state to the time the defendant has been sentenced, gives notice of appeal and files an appellate brief asking in effect for a new trial.” 588 S.W.2d at 327.

In the instant case, we find the trial court had no power to grant the new trial as it did — though its concern about straightening out the matter without resorting to this Court is commendable. Still, it could not grant such relief in response to an application for writ of habeas corpus. Only the Court of Criminal Appeals has the authority [946]*946to grant relief as a result of post conviction writ of habeas corpus. See Article 11.07, § 3, V.A.C.C.P.; In re Brazil, 621 S.W.2d 811 (Tex.Cr.App.1981); Ex parte Friday, 545 S.W.2d 182 (Tex.Civ.App.1977); State ex rel. Wilson v. Briggs, 171 Tex.Cr.R. 479, 351 S.W.2d 892 (1961).

Accordingly, the judgment of the second conviction is set aside.

II.

With this threshold question resolved, the Court may proceed in its review of the decision by the habeas judge to “grant” the writ of habeas corpus for ineffective assistance of counsel.5

A criminal defense lawyer must have a firm command of the facts of the case as well as governing law before he can render reasonably effective assistance to his client — in or out of the courtroom. Ex parte Duffy, 607 S.W.2d 507, 516 (Tex.Cr.App.1980); Flores v. State, 576 S.W.2d 632, 634 (Tex.Cr.App.1978); Ex parte Ewing, 570 S.W.2d 941, 947 (Tex.Cr.App.1978); see also Herring v. Estelle, 491 F.2d 125, 128 (CA5 1974); Caraway v. Beto, 421 F.2d 636, 637 (CA5 1970); Williams v. Beto, 354 F.2d 698, 705 (CA5 1965). In the seminal decision of Powell v. Alabama, 287 U.S. 45, 53 S.Ct. 55, 77 L.Ed. 158 (1932), the Supreme Court recognized that a thorough factual investigation is the foundation upon which effective assistance of counsel is built:

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Bluebook (online)
629 S.W.2d 943, 1982 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 931, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/ex-parte-ybarra-texcrimapp-1982.