Ex Parte Schmidt
This text of 109 S.W.3d 480 (Ex Parte Schmidt) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.
Opinions
delivered the opinion of the Court,
We are asked in this case to decide whether Article 11.09 of the Code of Criminal Procedure limits the jurisdiction of the county court to issue the writ of habeas corpus to cases in which the applicant is confined. We hold that it does not.
The appellant filed two applications for a writ of habeas corpus on September 3, 1997 in county criminal courts at law. Each challenged a prior misdemeanor DWI conviction. In the applications, he alleges that he was denied both the right to counsel and the right to a jury trial when he pleaded guilty in the prior cases. The appellant argues that he is under continuing restraint for jurisdictional purposes because the State has sought enhanced punishment in a state-jail felony prosecution based on those convictions.
The Fourteenth Court of Appeals, in identical opinions, dismissed his applications for want of jurisdiction because the appellant was not “confined” as required by Article 11.09 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which reads, “If a person is confined on a charge of misdemeanor, he may apply to the county judge of the county in which the misdemeanor is charged to have been committed, or if there be no county judge in said county, then to the county judge whose residence is nearest to the courthouse of the county in which the applicant is held in custody.”1
At the threshold is the question whether an applicant’s not being restrained within the meaning of the habeas corpus statutes would leave the court of appeals without jurisdiction of an appeal from the denial of habeas corpus relief. When a trial court unquestionably had jurisdiction to issue the writ of habeas corpus, we have held that the denial of relief could be appealed.2 The cases that are now [482]*482before us are different, in that the same reason that the Court of Appeals held to leave it without jurisdiction would also leave the trial court without jurisdiction. But we think the jurisdiction for appeal would be the same; if the trial court denies habeas corpus relief, the court of appeals has appellate jurisdiction of (at least) the issue of the trial court’s jurisdiction. We shall not remand these cases so that the Court of Appeals could decide the issue of the trial court’s jurisdiction, because we read its opinions as having already decided that the trial court lacked jurisdiction.
The Court of Appeals decided these cases in accordance with one of its prior decisions.
A plain reading of article 11.09 suggests that one must be “confined on a charge of misdemeanor” before an application for habeas corpus relief may be made. Thus, just as with 11.07, an application for habeas corpus relief will not lie under article 11.09 unless the applicant is “confined” pursuant to a commitment for a misdemeanor conviction. Ex parte Oyedo, 989 S.W.2d 785, 786 (Tex.App.Houston [14th Dist.] 1997, pet. refd).3
This holding is contrary to another court of appeals’ decision of the same question.4 We granted discretionary review to resolve the split between the courts of appeals.
In Article V of the Texas Constitution, the people have given some courts jurisdiction to issue the writ of habeas corpus. Section 5 of Article V says,’’Subject to such regulations as may be prescribed by law, the Court of Criminal Appeals and the Judges thereof shall have the power to issue the writ of habeas corpus.” Section 8 says, “District Court jurisdiction consists of exclusive, appellate, and general jurisdiction of all actions, proceedings, and remedies, except in cases where exclusive, appellate, or original jurisdiction may be conferred by this Constitution or other law on some other court, tribunal, or administrative body.” This gives the district court “plenary” power to issue the writ of habeas corpus.5
The habeas corpus jurisdiction of the statutory county court, on which the cases now before us depend, is somewhat harder to seek. “A statutory county court has jurisdiction over all causes and proceedings, civil and criminal, original and appellate, prescribed by law for county courts”6 (which are often called “constitutional county courts,” to further distinguish them from statutory county courts).
As to the jurisdiction of county courts, the Constitution was clear for over a century. Article V, section 16 had provided that “the County Court, or judge thereof, shall have power ... to issue writs of habe-as corpus in cases where the offense charged is within the jurisdiction of the County Court, or any other Court or tribunal inferior to said Court.”7 That section [483]*483of the Constitution was amended on November 5, 1985, to say simply, “The County Court has jurisdiction as provided by law.” This has complicated the analysis.
The general law of habeas-corpus jurisdiction for the county court is in a section of the Government Code that says, “A county court may issue a writ of habeas corpus in any case in which the constitution has not conferred the power on the district courts.”8 This section was enacted in 1985 along with the rest of Title 2 of the Government Code.9 If that statute were considered alone, it would give the county court jurisdiction of no case of ha-beas corpus, under this syllogism: The statute includes only cases in which the Constitution has not conferred the power on the district courts; the Constitution says that exclusive, original jurisdiction of all actions, proceedings, and remedies (which certainly includes the writ of habe-as corpus) is in the district court unless conferred by law on another court; therefore there is no case of habeas corpus that is included by the statute.10 But other laws confer habeas-corpus jurisdiction on the county court.
Article 11.05 of the Code of Criminal Procedure says, “The Court of Criminal Appeals, the District Courts, the County Courts, or any Judge of said Courts, have power to issue the writ of habeas corpus; and it is their duty to grant the writ under the rules prescribed by law.” Other articles of the code also include the county court.11 These statutes provide speeifically for the writ of habeas corpus in criminal cases, and for that reason they should be given more weight in a habeas-corpus case than the general statute of jurisdiction in the Government Code.
Our conclusion that the Government Code should not be read to deprive the county court of jurisdiction of habeas-cor-pus cases is agreeable with the caption of the bill that contained it, which described it as, “An Act relating to adoption of a nonsubstantive revision of the statutes relating to the judiciary; making conforming amendments and repeals and including penalties.”12 This caption would not support a conclusion that the act was intended to change the county court’s jurisdiction.
We are also mindful of the statute that commands, “Every provision relating to the writ of habeas corpus shall be most favorably construed in order to give effect to the remedy, and protect the rights of the person seeking relief under it.”13
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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack
109 S.W.3d 480, 2003 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 155, 2003 WL 21509131, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/ex-parte-schmidt-texcrimapp-2003.