Evans v. Just Open Government

251 S.E.2d 546, 242 Ga. 834, 1979 Ga. LEXIS 762
CourtSupreme Court of Georgia
DecidedJanuary 4, 1979
Docket34323, 34324, 34325
StatusPublished
Cited by21 cases

This text of 251 S.E.2d 546 (Evans v. Just Open Government) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Georgia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Evans v. Just Open Government, 251 S.E.2d 546, 242 Ga. 834, 1979 Ga. LEXIS 762 (Ga. 1979).

Opinions

Marshall, Justice.

Plaintiff, Just Open Government (JOG), an unincorporated association of citizens, taxpayers, voters, [835]*835and property owners in Henry County, brought this suit against the Department of Offender Rehabilitation (DOR) of the State of Georgia, including the commissioner and deputy commissioner thereof; the State Properties Commission, including the Governor, who is the chairman thereof; the Henry County Board of Commissioners; and the County Attorney for Henry County. The complaint states that the various governmental officials are being sued individually and in their official capacities.

The plaintiffs object to the construction of two state prisons, which will be located in the unincorporated area of Henry County in the Henry County Residential/Industrial Park.

The course of events leading to the decision to construct the prisons in Henry County is as follows:

In January of 1978, the General Assembly appropriated funds for the planning and land acquisition for two new penal institutions in the Atlanta area. Supplemental Appropriations Act for the fiscal year 1977-78 (Ga. L. 1978, pp. 10, 140).

In May of 1978, DOR began considering Henry County as a possible site for one of these prisons. The county attorney, on behalf of himself and others, began purchasing property in the Henry County Residential/Industrial Park, and he later executed options to purchase a 50-acre and a 30-acre tract to the Deputy Commissioner of DOR on behalf of the commissioner.

On May 25, 1978, the Henry County Board of Commissioners passed a resolution approving construction of a minimum security prison in the residential/industrial park. This resolution was passed at a special meeting without notice to the public. After news of the plans to construct a state prison in Henry County was released, many of the residents of Henry County voiced objections. The McDonough City Council, on June 5; 1978, adopted a resolution that the county board of commissioners submit the question to a public referendum. Subsequently, the county commission rescinded its prior approval of the construction of the prison and recommended that the question be submitted [836]*836to public referendum.

However, on June 21,1978, DOR announced plans to construct two state prisons in the Henry County Residential/Industrial Park, a 200-inmate, medium-security, female prison and a medium-security, male prison. On June 28, 1978, the State Properties Commission adopted a resolution approving funding of these prisons.

The plaintiffs filed this suit in the Henry Superior Court on July 30,1978. Primarily, the plaintiffs requested that the county commissioners’ approval of the prison be overturned, that the state’s deeds to the property be canceled, that the state officials be enjoined from applying for building permits to construct the prisons until zoning hearings could be conducted, and that construction of the prisons be enjoined on the ground that they will be nuisances per se and nuisances per accidens.

On August 1, the trial court entered an ex parte temporary restraining order against the defendants. The court ordered the defendants to appear and show cause at a hearing scheduled for August 4 why an interlocutory injunction should not be issued. On August 31, the trial judge entered an order denying the various defendants’ motions to dismiss and continuing in effect the temporary restraining order until further order of the court. This appeal follows. Held:

For several reasons, we hold that the trial court erred in continuing in effect the temporary restraining order. First, state-owned governmental property, whether acquired by bargain and sale or through eminent domain proceedings, is not subject to local zoning ordinances.1 Second, the state executive officials are being sued for an abuse of discretion and breach of authority in locating the prisons at their present sites in Henry County; the record affirmatively shows that there was no breach of authority2 and, furthermore, it has been held that the courts will not by injunction interfere with state executive officials in the exercise of their discretionary powers.3 Thirdly, a [837]*837prison is not, in a legal sense, a nuisance, and equity will not enjoin construction of a prison on that ground4 — the foregoing is really an application of the rule that the courts will not enjoin erection of a public work at the behest of someone whose property is not actually taken.5 Fourthly, the plaintiffs have not been damaged in any legally cognizable sense, as it is also held that those owning property in the vicinity of a public work, whose property values are depreciated thereby, are not entitled to compensation under the state constitutional provision that private property shall not be taken or damaged for public use without just compensation.6

1. The trial judge reasoned that since the state officials had acquired this property by bargain and sale rather than through eminent domain proceedings, the property is subject to the zoning ordinances of the county in the same manner as land owned by a private citizen. It is on this basis that the trial court enjoined the defendants from applying for building permits to construct the prisons until zoning hearings could be conducted.

This ruling of the trial court overlooks the decision of this court in Mayor &c. of Savannah v. Collins, 211 Ga. 191 (1) (84 SE2d 454) (1954), wherein it was held that since a municipality has the right to condemn private property for a necessary governmental use, though it be located in an area zoned for other and different uses, it necessarily follows that it may use the property for a necessary governmental use which it has acquired by purchase. See also West v. Housing Auth. of City of Atlanta, 211 Ga. 133 (84 SE2d 30) (1954); McCallum v. Bryant, 211 Ga. 98 (84 SE2d 39) (1954). The ruling in Mayor &c. of Savannah v. Collins, supra, was applied in Pearson v. County of Tift, 219 Ga. 254 (132 SE2d 710) (1963) so as to insulate property owned by the county for governmental purposes from municipal zoning, ordinances. A fortiori, these decisions require a holding that property owned by the state for governmental [838]*838purposes is immune from local zoning ordinances.

2. The plaintiffs argue that the decision of DOR, approved by the State Properties Commission, to locate the prisons at their present sites in Henry County violates the terms of the appropriations Act, which specifies that the prisons are to be in the Atlanta area. However, the record affirmatively shows that Henry County is considered to be a part of the Atlanta Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.

3. It has been held that state executive officials exercising functions in which they have discretionary powers cannot be reached by injunction. Southern Mining Co. v. Lowe, 105 Ga. 352 (31 SE 191) (1898); Peeples v. Byrd, 98 Ga. 688 (25 SE 677) (1896); Scofield v. Perkerson, 46 Ga. 325 (1872).7 It can be thusly seen that the complaint against the state executive officials is barred by the doctrine of sovereign immunity. "A suit can not be maintained against the State without its statutory consent.

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Evans v. Just Open Government
251 S.E.2d 546 (Supreme Court of Georgia, 1979)

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Bluebook (online)
251 S.E.2d 546, 242 Ga. 834, 1979 Ga. LEXIS 762, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/evans-v-just-open-government-ga-1979.