Elliot Gibson, V. Costco Wholesale, Inc.

Court of Appeals of Washington·Decided May 10, 2021·No. 80976-8·Unpublished

Opinion

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

ELLIOT GIBSON, No. 80976-8-I

Appellant,

DIVISION ONE

v.

UNPUBLISHED OPINION

COSTCO WHOLESALE, INC.,

Respondent,

DOES I through V, inclusive, Defendants.

APPELWICK, J. — Gibson challenges the trial court’s award of summary judgment to Costco on his disability discrimination claim. He argues Costco failed to engage in an interactive process to determine a reasonable accommodation for his disability before placing him on an unpaid leave. We affirm.

FACTS

Elliot Gibson has worked at the Costco Optical Lab (Lab) in Auburn since 2008. The Lab is one of two that collectively produce all prescription eyewear for Costco’s North American warehouses. It is a large, airplane hangar-like facility that operates around the clock. The production floor contains large machinery, conveyer belts, workers, forklifts, hazardous chemicals, and a dedicated environmental compliance team. The Lab is divided into several departments including Stockroom, Surface, Anti-Reflective Coating, and Finish. For the most

part, these departments are not separated by physical barriers; they exist side-by- side on the production floor.

Gibson began work on the production floor in the Stockroom in 2008. In 2012, he transferred to Finishing. In that position, he worked on the production floor grinding eyeglass lenses into shape to fit the frame.

In December 2013, Gibson presented Costco with documentation from his doctor indicating that he was unable to work around loud noises. His doctor recommended that he be permitted to wear noise cancelling headphones. Costco had some safety concerns with headphones on the production floor. Nevertheless, Costco accommodated Gibson’s request. Shortly thereafter, Costco further accommodated Gibson by facilitating a transfer back to the Stockroom, which is generally quieter than Finishing.

On November 3, 2014, Gibson presented Costco with documentation from his doctor that he was “[un]able to be around people [or] loud noises.” His doctor indicated he would need to be intermittently absent from work for up to two days per month for the next year. Costco agreed to this request, pursuant to its policy allowing employees to take two “accommodation days” per month even if they are unable to cover those days with sick or Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) time. 29 U.S.C. §§ 2601-2654.

On November 12, 2014, Gibson’s supervisor and another manager had a meeting with him to clarify his restrictions. In that meeting, Gibson acknowledged that there were no jobs where he would not be around people, and that he told that to his doctor. Because of this, Costco placed Gibson on a nine week leave of

absence with instructions to get further clarification on his restrictions. The manager documented the meeting on a transitional duty checklist.

On November 20, 2014, a manager sent Gibson a letter seeking further clarification from his doctor on his inability to work around people. She informed him that, should he have any difficulty obtaining the records, Costco was willing to provide a physician to communicate with his doctor at Costco’s expense. She invited him to contact her directly if he had any questions.

On January 8, 2015, Gibson’s manager sent him another letter informing him that he had exhausted his FMLA and state law leave and provided dates when he was anticipated to be eligible for further FMLA or state law leave. Despite his exhaustion of leave, his manager indicated that he would still be allowed two excused absences per month due to his documented health condition. He was instructed to indicate absences taken for this purpose were due to his documented medical condition when calling out of work. His manager offered to discuss any further assistance that would help Gibson not miss work, and encouraged him to reach out to her with any questions. Gibson signed this letter indicating that he accepted the offered accommodation.

Thereafter, Gibson submitted further documentation from this doctor dated January 2, 2015. That documentation indicated that Gibson would need intermittent leave for up to seven days per month. Gibson’s manager sent another letter on January 8, 2015 indicating that Costco would not be able to excuse more than two days per month. She indicated that Gibson was able to access personal

medical leave (PML): a one year job protected leave provided by Costco in addition to FMLA and Gibson refused to sign that letter.

In November 2015, Gibson submitted further documentation from his doctor indicating that he was able to work only three days per week, four hours per day. It also indicated that he could not push or pull any more than 20 pounds, and could only stand, walk, bend or stoop for up to 3 hours per day. In response, Costco offered a temporary, part-time assignment in the Stockroom that allowed him to work within his restrictions. Gibson declined that accommodation. He later provided additional documentation with further restrictions, including that he was unable to stand or sit continuously for more than 30 minutes.

On November 17, 2015, Costco offered Gibson a temporary assignment at the Auburn Humane Society Thrift Shop under Costco’s Interim Community Employment Program (ICEP). Under the program, Gibson would be able to work at the thrift store while receiving his full Costco pay and benefits. While working at the store, his manager checked in with him regarding his physical restrictions and ability to perform job functions. Gibson worked at the store until February 10, 2016. At the conclusion of his ICEP assignment, Costco placed Gibson on leave.

On March 17, 2016, Costco conducted a job assessment meeting (JAM)

with Gibson. Costco utilizes JAMs where an employee has medical restrictions on their ability to perform their job functions. They are designed to clarify restrictions, determine whether they can be reasonably accommodated, and assess whether there are open positions that the employee can be reassigned to within their

restrictions. The meetings generally include the employee, manager, and a neutral note taker.

At the JAM, Gibson and Costco determined that he was still unable to meet the essential requirements of his Stockroom job. The Lab had no other open positions. Gibson was placed on leave until his restrictions changed or until another position which fit his restrictions became available. These findings were memorialized in contemporaneous notes, which Gibson signed to indicate his agreement.

On June 1, 2016, Costco offered Gibson a position as a member services assistant, and installed a stand/sit desk for him. This position is the only position in the Lab that does not require significant physical strain. The position is nevertheless demanding. It involves working to resolve problems with incomplete or erroneous eyeglass orders. Costco has high standards for the prompt resolution of these issues. Its goal is to have all eyeglass orders processed within 48 hours. The position also involves managing phone traffic to and from the Lab, monitoring building access, and greeting visitors. Costco expects all phone calls to be answered within three rings. To accomplish this, all Member Services employees are expected to answer calls. When someone is unable to answer a call, it will increase the workload for the other employees. Costco believes that “reliable attendance and cognitive focus and engagement” are essential functions of the job.

On December 28, 2017, Gibson requested another leave to address “auditory hallucinations.” At that time, Gibson had accrued 205 hours of FMLA leave. After those hours were exhausted, Costco allowed him to continue leave under its PML policy. He remained on PML leave for 12 weeks.

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Elliot Gibson, V. Costco Wholesale, Inc., (Wash. Ct. App. 2021).

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