ACCEPTED 03-15-00211-CV 7231959 THIRD COURT OF APPEALS AUSTIN, TEXAS 10/5/2015 2:55:34 PM JEFFREY D. KYLE CLERK NO. 03-15-00211-CV
FILED IN 3rd COURT OF APPEALS AUSTIN, TEXAS IN THE 10/5/2015 2:55:34 PM THIRD COURT OF APPEALS JEFFREY D. KYLE Clerk AUSTIN, TEXAS
Douglas W. Kirk v. Plano Independent School District, Et AI
Original Proceeding from the 22"d District Court, The Honorable R. Bruce Boyer, Presiding
Appellee's Brief
Stephen R. Marsh David Klosterboer & Associates 1301 E. Collins Boulevard, Suite 490 Richardson, TX 75081 Email: smarsh@travelers.com
Attorney for Appellee/Defendant
Page 1 IDENTITY OF INTERESTED PARTIES
This is not a mandamus matter, but an appeal. As a result, the interested parties include the Defendants, against whom the Plaintiff has not brought this appeal, choosing rather to name the Court as a Respondent without providing proper notice or an appeal in the proper form.
Appellant/Plaintiff: Counsel:
Douglas W. Kirk Douglas W. Kirk (ProSe) 1850 Old Sattler Road Canyon Lake, TX 78132 Telephone: (830) 237-7313
Appellee/Defendant: Counsel:
Plano Independent School District, Stephen R. Marsh a governmental entity David Klosterboer & Associates 1301 E. Collins Boulevard, Suite 490 Nancy Humphrey, sued individually Richardson, TX 75081 and in her official capacity as president Telephone: (214- 590-6300 of the board of trustees of the Plano Independent School District
Anika Vaughan, sued individually and in her official capacity as a teacher for the Plano Independent School District
Joseph Parks, sued individually and in his official capacity as the director of safety and security for the Plano Independent School District
Courtney J. Washington, sued individually and in her official capacity as principal for Plano Independent School District.
Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS
INDENTITY OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS 3
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES 4
STATEMENT OF THE CASE 6
STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT 7
ISSUES PRESENTED 8
STATEMENT OF FACTS 10
SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT 14
ARGUMENT 16
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE 30
PRAYER 31
Page 3 TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Cases Page
Brown v. Ke-Ping Xie, 16 260 S.W.3d 118 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2008, no pet.)
Catalina Dev., Inc. v. County ofEl Paso, 28,29, 121 S.W.3d 704 (Tex.2003) 30
City of Corpus Christi v. Eby, not reported in S.W.3d, 22 2011 WL 1437002
City ofMcKinney v. Hank's Rest. Group, L.P., 29 412 S.W.3d 102 (Tex.App.-Dallas 2013, no pet.).
Combined Specialty Ins. Co. v. Deese, 18 266 S.W.3d 653, 654-665 (Tex.App.-Dallas 2008, no pet.).
Gallegos v. Escalon, 24 918 S.W.2d 62 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi 1996)
Golden v. Austin County Sheriffs Dept., 21 2009 WL 1835448 (S.D.Tex. Jun 26, 2009) (NO. CIV.A.H-09-817)
Gonzalez v. Ison-Newsome, 25 68 S.W.3d 2, 5 (Tex.App.-Dallas 1999) pet. dism'd w.o.j., 73 S.W.3d 178 (Tex.2001)
Granada Biosciences, Inc. v. Forbes, Inc., 29 49 S.W.3d 610, 618 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2001), rev'd on other grounds, 124 S.W.3d 167 (Tex.2003)
Hinterlong v. Clements, 24,25 109 S.W.3d 611 (Tex.App.-Fort Worth 2003
Page 4 i
Mission Canso!. Independent School Dist. v. Garcia, 14,17, 253 S.W.3d 653 (Tex. 2008) 20,22, 23,25, 27
Tex. Bay Cherry Hill, L.P. v. City ofFort Worth, 17,22 257 S.W.3d 379 (Tex.App.- Fort Worth 2008, no pet.).
Waller County v. Curtis, Not Reported in S.W.3d, 30 2006 WL 907773, (Tex.App.-Houston [1 Dist.],2006)
Zellers v. Cortez, 2010 WL 1839280 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi 19 May 06, 2010)
Statutes
Civil Practice and Remedies Code 101.103 21,22
Texas Tort Claims Act 8,14, 16, 18, 19,20, 21,22
TRAP45 7,1 0, 31
Page 5 STATEMENT OF THE CASE
The Plaintiff was told that he could not attend a level2 hearing by telephone,
even though a level 1 hearing can be attended by telephone. [RR 15]. He then
abandoned the grievance. [RR 15]. He thus failed to exhaust remedies and instead
abandoned them.
The Plaintiff then sued a govermnental entity. He also sued several of its
employees, each both individually and in their capacity as employees of the
governmental entity. He sued generally because he had been identified as a
potential threat and as a result a very short internal investigation was held. He
basically claims that any time a report is made of possible danger, it is slander for
an internal investigation to be made.
He appeals against the Court as Respondent. In an appeal (rather than
Mandamus) the Court is not a proper party and the notice of Appeal [RR 164] does
not give the Court notice that the Plaintiff/Appellant is bringing an action against
the Court as a Respondent. The Appellant's Brief does not address Appellees as
parties in the identity of interested parties.
Appellees appear and answer out of an abundance of caution and without
waiving the procedural defects.
Page 6 STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT
Oral argument is not necessary as the case does not leave the boundaries of
well settled law. See generally TRAP Rule 45.
Page 7 ISSUES PRESENTED (RESTATED)
1. Did the Court err by applying the well-settled law of Texas as to the Tort
Claims Act when a suit for defamation is brought against both a
governmental entity and its employees in the same action?
2. Did the Court err by following the Texas Supreme Court as to the Tort
Claims Act and Independent School Districts when it barred the
Plaintiff's cause of action even though it does not involve a motor
vehicle?
3. Did the Court err by following the Texas Supreme Court's interpretation
that additional remedies under Texas Tort Claims Act means other
statutory causes of action and not other torts rather than following the
Plaintiff's interpretation that it should allow for suit for torts otherwise
barred by the Texas Tort Claims Act?
4. Did the Court err by applying the well-settled law that requires dismissal
when a Plaintiff sues an employee of a governmental entity in the same
suit as the governmental entity and sues them in their individual and
official capacity?
5. Did the Court err by applying well established law that requires an
express waiver and that does not allow one by implication?
Page 8 6. Did the Court err by applying well established law that a waiver-by-
conduct claim only applies to performed contracts?
Page 9 STATEMENT OF FACTS
Appellant's statement of facts does not follow the record. It also contains no
record citations. See TRAP 38.l(f). As a result, a statement of facts by Appellee
is required.
Appellant has a long history which begins with officers of the State of
Florida investigating his issues and his being accused of stalking Melanie Lauren
Smith [5.8 of the Original Petition, RR 8.]. Plaintiff represents himself as her
confidant [e.g. 5.12, RR 9].
He was then called by Deputy John Patrick who informed him that charges
of stalking had been filed and a report for possible prosecution was underway. [RR
9]. The matter closed when the alleged victim reported to the court that she "feels
the issue is resolved." [RR 9].
Mr. Kirk feels that a criminal proceeding before a Court occurred without
him being charged. His Statement of Facts at Page 7-8 is thus inaccurate when he
claims that he has never been charged as a stalker because his feelings are
inaccurate, he was charged and then the case was closed.
Sworn affidavits were filed as to Melanie Smith's mental illness and that
"Doug Kirk" had been taking advantage of her. [RR 9-10]. After a hearing with
findings made by the finder of fact, Melanie Smith was denied the right to
determine the primary residence ofthe child. [RR 10].
Page 10 Plaintiff then sent a letter to the Plano ISD about insults sent to Melanie
Smith by one of the Defendants and he stated that he was contemplating a libel
suit. [Insults are at 5.12 RR 9 and do not include Kirk, the threat of suit is at 5.16,
RR 10].
Plaintiff then complains that there was not an investigation before the matter
was investigated. [RR 12]. That is, that there was a statement made and that it was
forwarded to the head of security to investigate and that somehow there is "a lack
of evidence to indicate" that the Defendants "investigated the statements" by the
investigation that they conducted. [RR 14]
Ms. Washington sent the letter Mr. Kirk complains of to Mr. Parks to
investigate [RR 14] and then Mr. Parks decided to ask about the concerns and
investigate them. [RR14]. Apparently Mr. Kirk believes that any security concerns
should be vetted with the person whom the concerns are voiced about before any
other investigation occurs [RR 14].
He complains that he was accused of threatening revenge [6.2, RR 12] when
he had threatened a law suit for slander over insults directed at a third party that
did not name him [See above]. He complains of the word "following" when he
spends much of his Petition detailing the times he went to Florida or followed Ms.
Smith to Florida by insisting that only the penal code definition should apply.
After detailing [RR 7-9] his efforts to retrieve Ms. Smith and help her to leave her
Page 11 husband, including driving to Dallas [5.11 RR 9] and taking her to San Antonio, he
complains of the conclusion that he was trying to get Ms. Smith to go anywhere
with him.
He complains of the term "stalker" in regards to what he calls the Florida
fiasco.
He also complains that while he did attempt to get Ms. Vaughn fired in his
sending the insulting text messages and the grievance and threats he made, that she
reached that conclusion. [above and RR 13].
He took a level one grievance. For level two, he was informed that he had to
attend it in person. [RR 15]. He considered the procedural rules malice. He
claims that he was mislead in his statement of facts, while the record reflects that
he was clearly told that he had to appear in person and he pled that in the court
below. His statements in his brief 9-10 to the contrary are both unsupported and
are directly contradicted by the record and his pleadings.
Plaintiff refers to oral arguments without support by a transcript or the
record.
A number of his pleadings were not timely filed (e.g. for the hearing on
December 14, 2014, the Plaintiff filed a response on December 8, 2014 ).
The omission of a transcript requires that the Court of Appeals presume that
the hearings support the ruling below contrary to the Appellant's position that he is
Page 12 ,-
entitled to establish evidence below on his own dictat without a basis in the record
or a transcript. He reverses the burden and the presumptions in his statement of
facts.
The trial court followed the law. The case was dismissed.
Page 13 SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT
Appellees argue that this Court should apply the well-settled law of Mission
Canso!. Independent School Dist. v. Garcia, 253 S.W.3d 653 (Tex. 2008) that
when a party sues a governmental entity and its employees in the same cause of
action, the party has made a binding election that entitles the employees to be
dismissed from the litigation and entitles the entity to have the suit dismissed on
the basis of sovereign immunity not waived by the Texas Tort Claims Act.
Taking a position contrary to the Texas Supreme Court, the Appellant argues
that the Texas Tort Claims Act exists to make it easier for governmental entities to
be sued and that a plaintiff is free to sue governmental entities and employees
without regards to the Texas Tort Claims Act if it makes it easier for the plaintiffto
recover. He argues in passing (though not by separate point) that a failure to
challenge venue is a waiver of all Texas Tort Claims Act defenses, even those
raised in the pleadings.
He argues that any facts that lead to a cause of action a governmental entity
might be sued for constitutes a waiver by conduct and thus the same falls outside
of the Texas Tort Claims Act. He also argues that the Texas Supreme Court has it
wrong and that the concept of waiver by conduct extends beyond contracts and that
a waiver does not require express consent. He argues that a party need have more
than public entity status to allege immunity under the Texas Tort Claims Act.
Page 14 Finally, he alleges that any investigation of allegations constitutes
defamation. He proposes a rule that results in any police investigation that does not
immediately contact the alleged criminal before any other investigation is
completed constitutes actionable defamation by the police.
Page 15 ARGUMENT
Reply to issue 1. Did the Court err by applying the well-settled law of Texas as to
the Tort Claims Act when a suit for defamation is brought against a governmental
entity and its employees?
Arguments and Authorities
The Plaintiff argues that he is entitled to ignore the Texas Tort Claims Act if
he chooses to attempt to pursue a cause of action outside of the Act. He takes the
losing argument in Brown v. Ke-Ping Xie, 260 S.W.3d 118 (Tex.App.-Houston
[1st Dist.] 2008, no pet.). At 120 we have the argument on appeal and the Court's
ruling:
the employees and the hospital assert that (1) Xie's original petition asserted a claim for defamation against the hospital and (2) Xie's suit was a suit "under'' the Act, which was an irrevocable election by Xie that required the dismissal of the claims against the employees. We conclude that the trial court erred by denying the motion to dismiss the claims against the employees. We reverse the trial court's order and dismiss the employees.
The Court of Appeals then sets out at 121 to 122 that Xie made the same
argument that the Appellant makes in our case when he attempts to claim that his
claims are not "under the act." [emphasis added]
The hospital and the employees contend that Xie's original petition was a lawsuit that asserted claims brought "under" the Act against both the hospital and the employees and that the trial court had a mandatory duty to dismiss the suit against the employees. See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem.Code Ann. § 101.106(e) ( "the employees shall immediately be dismissed")(emphasis added). Xie responds that (A) the only petition that should be considered is the amended petition, which is the live pleading; (B)
Page 16 section 101.1 06( e) does not apply because the request for an injunction is not a lawsuit against the hospital; and (C) his suit is not filed "under" the Act because 122 the Act does not waive governmental immunity for defamation~
The Court of Appeals then went out to explain that the Texas Supreme Court
had clearly addressed the issues:
. . . we next turn to the parties' dispute whether the lawsuit for defamation is a lawsuit "under" the Act for purposes of section 101.106. The hospital and employees contend that any tort lawsuit filed against the govermnent is "under" the Act because the only possible relief for the govermnent's tortious acts lies in the Act's limited waiver of immunity. Xie responds that his lawsuit is not "under" the Act because defamation is not a tort for which the Act waives immunity. See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem.Code Ann. § 101.057 (Vernon 2005) (stating that Act does not waive immunity for intentional torts).
The Supreme Court of Texas recently addressed this issue. See Mission Canso!. Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Garcia, 253 S.W.3d 653, 657-58 (Tex.2008). In Garcia, the court of appeals affirmed a trial court's denial of the School District's jurisdictional pleas under section 101.106. I d. The court of appeals determined that Garcia's claims were not "under this chapter" because the claims did not fit within the Act's waiver of immunity. Id. In rejecting this argument, the Texas Supreme Court concluded,
Because the Tort Claims Act is the only, albeit limited, avenue for common-law recovery against the govermnent, all tort theories alleged against a govermnental unit, whether it is sued alone or together with its employees, are assumed to be "under [the Tort Claims Act]" for purposes of section 101.106.
The bottom line: "Because "all tort theories" are "under this chapter" for
purposes of section 101.106, we conclude that section 101.106 does apply to Xie's
claims for intentional torts." See also Tex. Bay Cherry Hill, L.P. v. City of Fort
Worth, 257 S.W.3d 379 (Tex.App.-Fort Worth 2008, no pet.).
Page 17 As to Plaintiffs argument made in passing that a failure to challenge venue
is a waiver of the merits, he provides no support for the proposition. The law is to
the contrary. E.g. Combined Specialty Ins. Co. v. Deese, 266 S.W.3d 653, 654-665
(Tex.App.-Dallas 2008, no pet.). A wavier of a venue contest has no impact on the
merits. He also provides no support for his argument made in passing that a lack
of the record allows him to establish the record by his sole unsupported dictat
rather than the established presumption of the law that the missing record supports
the judgment.
A party is not entitled to ignore the limits of the Texas Tort Claims Act to
attempt to pursue a cause of action outside of the Act.
Page 18 .• I
n ~_I '
ARGUMENT
Reply to Issue 2. Did the Court err by following the Texas Supreme Court as to
the Tort Claims Act and Independent School Districts when it barred the Plaintiffs
cause of action when the claim does not involve a motor vehicle?
Arguments and Authorities
The Plaintiffs argument is that because there is governmental immunity
except where waived by the Texas Tort Claims Act, that if the Act does not
provide a waiver, he should be able to sue without having to deal with immunity.
Thus he claims that the law does not bar any suit he might bring other than one
involving motor vehicles. As the courts have stated [emphasis added]:
When a plaintiff sues a governmental entity or official, it must affirmatively demonstrate the trial court's jurisdiction by alleging a valid waiver of immunity. Dallas Area Rapid Transit v. Whitley, 104 S.W.3d 540, 542 (Tex.2003); City ofAlton v. Sharyland Water Supply Corp., 145 S.W.3d 673, 678 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi 2004, no pet.). Governmental immunity shields a city from liability except to the extent immunity is waived by the Texas Tort Claims Act. See City of Alton, 145 S.W.3d at 679; City of Hempstead v. Kmiec, 902 S.W.2d 118, 122 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1995, no pet.). The Texas Tort Claims Act does not waive immunity for intentional torts. Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem.Code Ann. § 101.057(2) (Vernon 2005). 1
Thus there is no waiver of immunity when the Act does not provide a claim.
Immunity in this context is instead automatic. In response, the Plaintiff mistakes 1 Zeller brought "claims for intentional torts-defamation, defamation per se, libel, libel per se, and intentional infliction of emotional distress" and the Court noted "we conclude that Zellers's pleadings affirmatively negate the existence of jurisdiction" Quotes from Zellers v. Cortez, 2010 WL 1839280 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi May 06, 2010) (NO. 13-09-00596-CV)
Page 19 the burden and the law. The law is that "When a plaintiff sues a governmental
entity or official, [the plaintiff] must affirmatively demonstrate the trial court's
jurisdiction by alleging a valid waiver of immunity." Immunity is the baseline.
Mission Canso!. Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Garcia, 253 S.W.3d 653, 657-58
(Tex.2008) and the cases that follow it are clear. Plaintiff's argument has been
disposed of by well-established law and Plaintiff has provided no reasonable
extension of the law or reason to suppose that the Texas Supreme Court will not
honor stare decisis and will change the law to the construction the Plaintiff favors.
A claim that does not involve a motor vehicle does not automatically trump
the Texas Tort Claims Act and Immunity to allow a suit expressly barred by the
law and the Texas Supreme Court's interpretation ofthe law.
Page 20 ,_'
ARGUMENT
Reply to issue 3. Did the Court err by following the Texas Supreme Court's
interpretation as to what the provisions of the Texas Tort Claims Act mean rather
than following the Plaintiffs interpretation?
Arguments and Authorities
The Plaintiff wants to claim that he should be allowed to sue the way he
wants as "remedies additional." He interprets Civil Practice and Remedies Code
10 1.1 03 to allow him to bring any suit he wants rather than in its traditional
interpretation that if there is another statute directly authorizing a claim against the
government, that statute is not cut short by the Texas Tort Claims Act.
He also interprets the phrase to allow him to proceed without exhausting
remedies.
The Plaintiffs theory was directly addressed by the Garcia case above, and
by courts that applied Garcia. Specifically, as to the Plaintiffs attempts to shoe
hom in a claim sounding in tort:
The Garcia court held that although all common-law tort claims are claims filed "under" the Act, the plaintiffs' statutory remedy under the TCHRA was not a suit filed "under" the Texas Tort Claims Act. The Act provides that the remedies it authorizes "are in addition to any other legal remedies." Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem.Code § 101.003.
Golden v. Austin County Sheriff's Dept., 2009 WL 1835448 (S.D.Tex. Jun
26, 2009) (NO. CIV.A.H-09-817) pointing out that "additional remedies" requires
Page 21 the existence of another statue (such as the TCHRA), and that 101.103 does not
allow a common-law tort claim such as defamation.
Interestingly enough, Appellant's case City of Corpus Christi v. Eby, not
reported in S.W.3d, 2011 WL 1437002 is a defamation suit against a governmental
entity and its employee. In that case the Court held:
Section 101.106 is an election-of-remedies provision in the Texas Tort Claims Act. See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Ann .. § 101.106 (West 2005). Section 101.106 forces a plaintiff to decide at the outset whether an employee acted independently and is thus solely liable, or acted within the general scope of his or her employment such that the governmental unit is vicariously liable, thereby reducing the resources that the government and its employees must use in defending redundant litigation and alternative theories of recovery. Mission Canso!. Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Garcia, 253 S.W.3d 653, 657 (Tex.2008). Subsection (e) provides that when both a governmental unit and its employee are sued under the Texas Tort Claims Act, the employee "shall" be dismissed immediately on the governmental unit's filing of a motion [to dismiss]. Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. § 101.106(e). Subsection (e) imposes a mandatory duty to dismiss upon a governmental unit's filing' of the appropriate motion. See id.; Villasan v. O'Rourke, 166 S.W.3d 752, 762-63 (Tex.App.-Beaumont 2005, pet. denied).
Even an assertion by a plaintiff that it sued a government employee in his individual capacity and not his official capacity does not bar dismissal of the employee under subsection (e), when, as here, the suit against the governmental entity and the employee involve the same subject matter. Tex. Bay Cherry Hill v. City of Fort Worth, 257 S.W.3d 379, 401 (Tex.App.-Fort Worth 2008, no pet.). A plaintiff must proceed cautiously before filing suit and carefully consider whether to seek relief from the governmental unit or from the employee individually because the decision regarding whom to sue has irrevocable consequences. Mission Canso!. Indep. Sch. Dist., 253 S.W.3d at 657.
The Court then concluded:
Page 22 Having sustained the City's five issues on appeal, (1) we reverse the trial court's order denying the City's plea to the jurisdiction and render judgment dismissing Anthony Eby, Mary Eby, and Jessica Frenchak's claims against the City for lack of jurisdiction; (2) we reverse the trial court's order denying the City's motion to dismiss Vesely under Civil Practice and Remedies Code section 101.106(e) and pursuant to section 101.106(e), render judgment dismissing Anthony Eby, Mary Eby,FN5 and Jessica Frenchak's claims against Vesely for lack of jurisdiction.
Appellant's short citation of a part of the concurrence in the case fails to
disclose that the case supports Appellees. The bottom line to the concurrence is the
following:
Nevertheless, we are bound to follow the supreme court's instruction that all common-law tort claims against the govermnent are subject to the election of remedies scheme in the Tort Claims Act. See City of Mission v. Cantu, 89 S.W.3d 795, 809 n. 21 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi 2002, no pet.) ("As an intermediate appellate court, we are bound to follow the expression of the law as stated by the Texas Supreme Court and leave changes in the law to that court or the legislature.")). Unfortunately, the assumption can generate unjust results that the high Court may not have anticipated-such as here, where Vesely is permitted to sue Eby but Eby is forbidden from countersuing Vesely based on the same underlying facts. I urge the supreme court to clarify or reconsider the applicability of the assumption mandated in Garcia, which I submit is inappropriate in the rare case where a . counterclaim is brought after a government official initiates suit against a citizen.
All common-law tort claims against the govermnent are subject to the
election of remedies scheme in the Tort Claims Act and the rule of "remedies
additional" does not work to short circuit that rule.
Page 23 ~ _--
ARGUMENT
Reply to issue 4. Did the Court err by applying the well-settled law that applies
when a Plaintiff sues an employee of a goverrnnental entity in the same suit as the
goverrnnental entity and sues them in their individual and official capacity?
Argument and Authority
Appellant cites to Gallegos v. Escalon, 918 S.W.2d 62 (Tex.App.-Corpus
Christi 1996) where the Plaintiff sued only the individual and not the goverrnnental
entity, and sued the individual only in their individual capacity, not their official
capacity. As a result, Gallegos is outside the rule in Garcia. Gallegos basically
draws the line that the Appellant's case had to fit inside of, and points out a line
that the Appellant's case falls outside of.
Appellant also cites to Hinterlong v. Clements, 109 S.W.3d 611 (Tex.App.-
Fort Worth 2003, orig. proceeding) a mandamus case that involves discovery
issues. It also involved parties who failed to raise issues until the motion to
reconsider on appeal was made. In our case the pleading issues do not exist
because the Appellees raised them in the trial court rather than waiting until a
motion to reconsider on appeal to raise the issues.
While acknowledging immunity, the Court allowed discovery, viz.
"regardless of his claims against Arlington lSD and Clements, Hinterlong has pleaded cognizable common law claims against both the
Page 24 tipster and the person or persons who planted the Ozarka water bottle in his vehicle; neither of these parties is entitled to immunity."
As a result, the final ruling was:
"We conditionally grant Hinterlong's petition for writ of mandamus and direct the trial court to vacate its August 24, 2001 order denying Hinterlong's motion to compel the production of evidence regarding the student informant's identity and other relevant information surrounding the crime stoppers tip."
The discovery and procedural issues in Hinterlong are not at issue in our
case. This is not a case on the scope of discovery or one where the Appellees
waited until a motion to reconsider to raise immunity. Instead, this is an appeal
from the trial court applying immunity.
The next citation by Appellant is Gonzalez v. lson-Newsome, 68 S.W.3d 2, 5
(Tex.App.-Dallas 1999) pet. dism'd w.o.j., 73 S.W.3d 178 (Tex.2001). It is another
case where the Plaintiff did not sue a governmental entity and its employees in the
same action and did not allege official capacity. In our case, Appellant sued the
governmental entity along with other parties and he alleged causes of action
against all parties in their official capacities. He made his election and it is
binding.
Because he cites to cases where no election was made, Appellant does
nothing with the cases he cites to challenge the application of Mission Canso!.
Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Garcia, 253 S.W.3d 653, 657-58 (Tex.2008). Instead, the
Page 25 Appellant's cases illustrate the line that he crossed so that he has made an election
and is bound by it, with the result that he has lost his claim.
Page26 :_:;-.
ARGUMENT
Reply to point 5. Did the Court err by applying well established law as to the
principle of waiver?
Arguments and Authorities
First, the Plaintiff raises insults to a third party that have nothing to do with
our case and that are well outside the statutes of limitations. Second, he elides the
fact that by his pleadings he made a binding election. Third, he steps outside the
record (as noted above) to conclude that he is really suing Nancy Humphry for
dismissing his Level 2 grievance when he failed to attend after being told that he
was required to attend it or have it heard on submission if he decided not to attend.
He fails to address his waiver and his failure to exhaust administrative appeals.
In this argument, Appellant brings no case law to support his claim of
waiver and argues facts that do not touch upon the fact that he sued the employees
and their employer in the same litigation. Note the issue, raised above, of the lack
of a record of the hearings in this case.
Because the issues are conflated by Appellant with issue 6, Appellees will
address the law that applies to this waiver argument in responding to issue 6.
Page 27 -- ~ -\
ARGUMENT
Reply to issue 6. Did the Court err by applying well established law to the Plaintiff
as to a waiver-by-conduct claim?
Arguments and Authorities
The Appellant has cited the concept of waiver-by-conduct in a series of
cases that apply to contract issues to attempt to raise wavier. The lead case for that
concept is Catalina Dev., Inc. v. County of El Paso, 121 S.W.3d 704 (Tex.2003), a
case that deals with contracts in the scope of immunity and that explains the
general rule: "Generally, a governmental unit possesses both immunity from
liability and immunity from suit. !d. When the governmental unit contracts with a
private party it waives immunity from liability, but not immunity from suit. !d."
When Appellant cites to Catalina he conflates matters by by-passing the
bottom line at 704 that an entity "waives immunity from suit only through its
express consent." He attempts to create a general rule of waiver by conduct
outside of matters involving contracts and without express consent. Yet every
citation he quotes at page 35 of his brief consists of contract matters- and contract
matters where the Court held that the conduct did not support the concept of
waiver-by-conduct.
Page 28 The well-established law is that the concept of waiver applies only to
contract cases where the contract has been fully performed and the governmental
entity has decided to keep the benefits but not pay for them.
To quote from City of McKinney v. Hank's Rest. Group, L.P., 412 S.W.3d
102 (Tex.App.-Dallas 2013, no pet.).
We reject HRG's waiver-by-conduct argument. First, the supreme court has never held that such a doctrine exists, and the court recently emphasized that waivers of immunity generally should be left to the legislature. See Sharyland Water Supply Corp. v. City of Alton, 354 S.W.3d 407, 414 (Tex.2011). Any judicial abrogation of governmental immunity should be undertaken by the supreme court. See Leach v. Tex. Tech Univ., 335 S.W.3d 386, 401 (Tex.App.-Amarillo 2011, pet. denied) (stating that the existence of waiver-by-conduct doctrine "is a matter for the Supreme Court (or Texas Legislature) to resolve"). Moreover, judicial discussions of the possibility of waiver by conduct seem to have arisen only in the context of breach-of-contract claims. See, e.g., Sharyland Water Supply Corp., 354 S.W.3d at 414; Catalina Dev., 121 S.W.3d at 705; Fed. Sign, 951 S.W.2d at 408 & n. 1. HRG cites only one intermediate appellate decision adopting the waiver-by-conduct doctrine and applying it in favor of a claimant, and that was a breach-of-contract case. Tex. S. Univ. v. State St. Bank & Trust Co., 212 S.W.3d 893, 904-08 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, pet. denied). We find no warrant in the limited case law on the subject to apply the waiver-by-conduct doctrine to any legal theory except breach of contract.
Appellant is obviously trying to apply the concept of waiver-by-conduct in a
completed contract to a non-contract matter and to one where the Texas Supreme
Court as clearly stated that the Tort Claims Act excludes his ability to sue once he
sues individuals and the governmental entity in the same suit after a motion to
dismiss. He is also trying to apply waiver-by-conduct to a case where there was no
actual defamation pled, as defamation requires outside publication. E.g. Granada
Page 29 Biosciences, Inc. v. Forbes, Inc., 49 S.W.3d 610, 618 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th
Dist.] 2001), rev'd on other grounds, 124 S.W.3d 167 (Tex.2003).
In addition, Appellant fails to address that the waiver doctrine he is
addressing is one that may waive immunity from liability, but still allows
immunity from suit. E.g. cases such as Waller County v. Curtis, Not Reported in
S.W.3d, 2006 WL 907773, (Tex.App.-Houston [1 Dist.], 2006).
Immunity from liability protects the State unless the State acknowledges liability. Federal Sign, 951 S.W.2d at 405. When the State contracts with a private party, it waives immunity from liability. Catalina Development, Inc. v. County of El Paso, 121 S.W.3d 704, 705 (Tex.2003). However, waiver of immunity from liability does not waive immunity from suit. Little-Tex Insulation, 39 S.W.3d at 594.
His recapitulation does nothing to take his arguments outside of TRAP 45.
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
Counsel certifies that the applicable word count for this brief does not exceed 15,000 words, the word count being approximately 5,564 words.
Page 30 PRAYER
Appellees request that the Court affirm the judgment of the trial court and
grant such relief as is appropriate under TRAP 45 or otherwise.
Respectfully submitted
Stephen R. Marsh 1301 E. Collins Boulevard Suite 490 Richardson, TX 75081 Telephone 214-570-6292 Facsimile: 214-570-6262 E-Mail: smarsh@travelers.com
Attorney for Appellee/Defendant
Page 31 ---~-1
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
This is to certify that, on this the 5th day of October, 2015, a true and correct
copy of the foregoing document was forwarded to all counsel of record as follows:
Douglas W. Kirk, Pro Se _1L E-Service 1850 Old Sattler Road Facsimile Canyon Lake, TX 78132 Certified Mail, Return Receipt Requested Pro Se Plaintiff Receipted Commercial Delivery Regular U.S. Mail
Stephen R. Marsh
Page 32