Dougherty v. California-Pacific Utilities Company

546 P.2d 880, 91 A.L.R. 3d 1057, 1976 Utah LEXIS 758
CourtUtah Supreme Court
DecidedFebruary 24, 1976
Docket13854
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 546 P.2d 880 (Dougherty v. California-Pacific Utilities Company) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Utah Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Dougherty v. California-Pacific Utilities Company, 546 P.2d 880, 91 A.L.R. 3d 1057, 1976 Utah LEXIS 758 (Utah 1976).

Opinions

CROCKETT, Justice:

Ronald and Judith A. Dougherty sued California-Pacific Utilities Company, to recover for damages for the flooding of their home and adjuncts thereto by the overflow of defendant’s canal. Trial to the court resulted in findings and judgment in favor of the plaintiffs in the amount of $896.27. The defendant appeals, contending: that the evidence does not support the finding that it was negligent, nor that it proximately caused the plaintiffs’ damage; and also that the plaintiffs were negligent themselves in causing such damage.

Defendant, California-Pacific Utilities Company (formerly Southern Utah Power Company) has its hydroelectric plant No. 2 alongside the Santa Clara River near Veyo, in Pine Valley, Washington County. The canal diverts water from the river about three and a half miles upstream from defendant’s plant and moves it down to a forebay (a small reservoir); thence through a penstock down to the turbines which supply the power for generating electricity.

There are four means of control of the volume of water in the canal. The first is at the point of diversion from the river, which allows up to the maximum of 16 second feet to flow into the canal. The second is another control arrangement, which is said to be “a considerable distance” above the plaintiffs’ property. Its purpose is stated to be to “permit water to escape from the canal” in the event of an ice jam (or we suppose any other difficulty), which has sometimes been used as occasion required. The third is located in the forebay which impounds the water just above the defendant’s power plant. There is a spillway along its east (downhill) side; there are five or six planks, that is, two by sixes, about 14 feet long, which can be removed in order to release the water from the forebay, to run back down into the river. The fourth is the outlet of the end of the penstock, which can be opened to ten inches in diameter.

In March of 1971, the plaintiffs moved into their partially completed home which they had built on a tract of land lying just eastward of the canal and about 2,000 feet upstream from the defendant’s plant. Nearby they had drilled a well for culinary water which was uncapped at the time. On August 8, 1971, an unusually severe rain and hailstorm occurred. It was of such intensity that 1.72 inches fell in about two hours and drenched the whole area, including the hillside to the west, from whence water coursed down and into the canal. The canal was so full that the water overflowed its eastern bank and down onto the plaintiffs’ property causing various damages, including the ruining of their well and pump, which it cost $663.07 to replace, and other damages aggregating the total of the judgment of $896.27. The defendant does not complain as to the amount of damages.

Defendant’s first argument that the plaintiffs’ damage cannot properly be attributable to any negligence on its part is that the storm was of such unexpected and unusual severity that it should be regarded as “an act of God” which it had no responsibility to safeguard against and for whose damage it could not be held liable. We [882]*882have no disagreement with the argument of the defendant that if the occurrence was in fact “an act of God” they should not be held liable therefor.1 Whether an occurrence should be so classified as “an act of God” depends upon whether the storm was of such magnitude and severity that it was not reasonably to be foreseen and guarded against by the traditional, reasonable and prudent man under the circumstances.2 A preliminary question is whether this storm should be so classified. Both sides presented some evidence and made their respective contentions on this issue. They agree that cloudbursts of considerable magnitude occasionally fall in that area; and the plaintiff presented some records indicating that on certain other dates in the past there had been comparable amounts of rainfall. On this issue it is sufficient to say that upon conflicting evidence the trial court rejected the defendant’s contention.

It is further pertinent to-observe that even if the storm had been of such a nature as to be unexpected and unforeseeable and' therefore classifiable as “an act of God,” that would not necessarily insulate the defendant from liability. Notwithstanding such an event, if one is negligent and his negligence concurs with the act of God in such a way that it is a proximate cause of damage to another, he is liable.3 Consequent to the above, we proceed to the question of defendant’s negligence.

Our statute imposes an affirmative duty of care upon those who divert waters for their own use. Section 73-1-8, U.C.A. 1953, provides that:

The owner of any ditch ... or other watercourse shall maintain the same in repair so as to prevent waste of water or damage to property of others.

We have held that this is but an enactment of the universal standard of due care under the circumstances 4; but that this includes taking cognizance that the degree of care increases in proportion to the hazards anticipated, so that due to the dangers inherent in the control of water, the management of such a quantity of flowing water should be in the hands of someone of skill and experience.5

Upon learning of the storm, defendant’s foreman, Ivan Hunt, rushed to the area. He observed that hail had accumlated about three inches deep and that the continuing torrential rain was melting the hail and great quantities of water were coursing downhill from the upper side (west) into the canal; that the canal was full to overflowing its eastern bank down toward the plaintiffs’ property. He stated that he was interested mostly in seeing that the canal bank had not broken through. When questioned as to why he had not tried to use the means above mentioned to reduce the water in the canal he stated that he thought that the damage had been done and that it would do little good. But from his own testimony and other evidence in the record other reasonable inferences could be drawn.

[883]*883Upon Mr. Hunt being questioned about the planks in the spillway along the east side of the forebay he testified:

Q. Now, are there some planks in this area of the overflow that you mentioned?
A. Yes sir. That overflow I’d say is about 14 feet wide, it is cement over to about, I guess, five feet, and that’s a good guess, and the five feet, there’s the planks there that can be removed.
Q. Now, if the planks were removed at that place, would that affect the flow of water in hydro canal No. 2 up in the area of the Dougherty place ?
A. It would go faster, yes.
******
Q. . . Had you pulled the boards out, it would have increased the flow of water down the ditch [canal], wouldn’t it?
A. Yes sir.
Q. Had you opened the penstock all the way, it would have increased the flow of the water down the ditch, wouldn’t it ?
A. Yes sir.
Q. And wouldn’t anything that increased the flow of water down that ditch help the people that were being flooded ?
A. It would tend to.

There is also the testimony of Mr.

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Dougherty v. California-Pacific Utilities Company
546 P.2d 880 (Utah Supreme Court, 1976)

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Bluebook (online)
546 P.2d 880, 91 A.L.R. 3d 1057, 1976 Utah LEXIS 758, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/dougherty-v-california-pacific-utilities-company-utah-1976.