* * * ALADDIN DINAALI Case No. 2:24-cv-01329-JAD-EJY Plaintiff, ORDER ADOPTING REPORT AND v. RECOMMENDATION INTERLACED SOCIAL LLC, a Delaware ECF No. 10 corporation, PROSPERA LAW LLP, a California corporation, Defendants. On 10/25/24, the magistrate judge entered the following report and recommendation: Pending before the Court is Plaintiff’s First Amended Complaint. ECF No. 9. Plaintiff’s application to proceed in forma pauperis was granted on August 19, 2024, at which time Plaintiff’s Complaint was dismissed without prejudice and with leave to amend. ECF No. 5. As was true with Plaintiff’s original Complaint, Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint fails to plead facts that establish personal jurisdiction over the Defendants. I. Screening the Complaint Upon granting Plaintiff’s IFP application the Court must screen her Complaint under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2). In its review, the Court must identify any cognizable claims and dismiss any claims that are frivolous, malicious, fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted or seek monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1), (2). However, pro se pleadings must be liberally construed. Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dep’t, 901 F.2d 696, 699 (9th Cir. 1988). The standard for dismissing a complaint for failure to state a claim is established by Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). When a court dismisses a complaint under § 1915(e), the plaintiff should be given leave to amend the complaint with directions to cure its deficiencies unless it is clear from the face of the complaint that the deficiencies cannot be cured by amendment. Cato v. United States, 70 F.3d 1103, 1106 (9th Cir. 1995). Corp., 74 F.3d 955, 957 (9th Cir. 1996). Allegations of a pro se complainant are held to less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers. Hughes v. Rowe, 449 U.S. 5, 9 (1980). Although the standard under Rule 12(b)(6) does not require detailed factual allegations, a plaintiff must provide more than mere labels and conclusions. Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007). A formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action is insufficient. Id. Additionally, a reviewing court should “begin by identifying pleadings [allegations] that, because they are no more than mere conclusions, are not entitled to the assumption of truth.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 679 (2009). “While legal conclusions can provide the framework of a complaint, they must be supported with factual allegations.” Id. “When there are well-pleaded factual allegations, a court should assume their veracity and then determine whether they plausibly give rise to an entitlement to relief.” Id. “Determining whether a complaint states a plausible claim for relief . . . [is] a context- specific task that requires the reviewing court to draw on its judicial experience and common sense.” Id. Finally, all or part of a complaint may be dismissed sua sponte if that person’s claims lack an arguable basis either in law or in fact. This includes claims based on legal conclusions that are untenable (e.g., claims against defendants who are immune from suit or claims of infringement of a legal interest which clearly does not exist), as well as claims based on fanciful factual allegations (e.g., fantastic or delusional scenarios). Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 327–28 (1989); McKeever v. Block, 932 F.2d 795, 798 (9th Cir. 1991). II. Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint Fail to Plead Facts Establishing Personal Jurisdiction Over Defendants. Plaintiff now asserts a First Amendment violation, which the Court does not analyze because there is no personal jurisdiction over Defendants identified by Plaintiff as the Los Angeles County Sheriff, the California Attorney General, Interlaced Social LLC (a Delaware corporation), and Prospera Law LLP (a California Corporation). ECF No. 9 at 2-3. “Federal courts may exercise either general or specific personal jurisdiction over a defendant.” AMC Fabrication, Inc. v. KRD Trucking West, Inc., Case No. 2:12-cv-00146-LDG- general jurisdiction, a defendant must have sufficient contacts with the forum state to constitute the “kind of continuous and systematic general business contacts that approximate physical presence.” Id. Plaintiff pleads no facts to establish general jurisdiction over any Defendant identified in her Amended Complaint. ECF No. 9 at 8-9. A district court may exercise specific jurisdiction over a defendant if the causes of action “arise[] out of or relate to” the defendant’s activity in the forum state. Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz, 471 U.S. 462, 472-73 (1985). Determining whether specific jurisdiction exists over an out of state defendant involves two inquiries: (1) whether a forum state’s long-arm statute permits service of process, and (2) whether the assertion of personal jurisdiction would violate due process. Action Embroidery Corp. v. Atl. Embroidery, Inc., 368 F.3d 1174, 1177, 1180 (9th Cir. 2004). Because Nevada’s long-arm statute, NRS § 14.065, reaches the “outer limits of federal constitutional due process,” the Court need only analyze whether exercising specific jurisdiction over Defendants comports with due process. Certain-Teed Prods. Corp. v. Second Judicial Dist. Ct., 479 P.2d 781, 784 (Nev. 1971). Specific jurisdiction requires a defendant to have taken “some act by which [it] purposefully avails itself of the privilege of conducting activities within the forum State.” Ford Motor Co. v. Montana Eighth Jud. Dist. Ct., 592 U.S. 351, 359 (2021) (internal citation omitted). The contacts “must be the defendant’s own choice and ... must show that the defendant deliberately reached out beyond its home.” Id. (internal citations omitted). The Ninth Circuit employs a three prong test to assess whether a defendant has sufficient minimum contacts with the forum state to be subject to specific personal jurisdiction: (1) The non-resident defendant must purposefully direct his activities or consummate some transaction with the forum or resident thereof; or perform some act by which he purposefully avails himself of the privilege of conducting activities in the forum, thereby invoking the benefits and protections of its laws; (2) the claim must be one which arises out of or relates to the defendant's forum- related activities; and (3) the exercise of jurisdiction must comport with fair play and substantial justice, i.e., it must be reasonable. Picot v. Weston, 780 F.3d 1206, 1211 (9th Cir. 2015) (citing See Schwarzenegger v. Fred Martin first two prongs, but subsequently shifts to the def
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* * * ALADDIN DINAALI Case No. 2:24-cv-01329-JAD-EJY Plaintiff, ORDER ADOPTING REPORT AND v. RECOMMENDATION INTERLACED SOCIAL LLC, a Delaware ECF No. 10 corporation, PROSPERA LAW LLP, a California corporation, Defendants. On 10/25/24, the magistrate judge entered the following report and recommendation: Pending before the Court is Plaintiff’s First Amended Complaint. ECF No. 9. Plaintiff’s application to proceed in forma pauperis was granted on August 19, 2024, at which time Plaintiff’s Complaint was dismissed without prejudice and with leave to amend. ECF No. 5. As was true with Plaintiff’s original Complaint, Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint fails to plead facts that establish personal jurisdiction over the Defendants. I. Screening the Complaint Upon granting Plaintiff’s IFP application the Court must screen her Complaint under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2). In its review, the Court must identify any cognizable claims and dismiss any claims that are frivolous, malicious, fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted or seek monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1), (2). However, pro se pleadings must be liberally construed. Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dep’t, 901 F.2d 696, 699 (9th Cir. 1988). The standard for dismissing a complaint for failure to state a claim is established by Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). When a court dismisses a complaint under § 1915(e), the plaintiff should be given leave to amend the complaint with directions to cure its deficiencies unless it is clear from the face of the complaint that the deficiencies cannot be cured by amendment. Cato v. United States, 70 F.3d 1103, 1106 (9th Cir. 1995). Corp., 74 F.3d 955, 957 (9th Cir. 1996). Allegations of a pro se complainant are held to less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers. Hughes v. Rowe, 449 U.S. 5, 9 (1980). Although the standard under Rule 12(b)(6) does not require detailed factual allegations, a plaintiff must provide more than mere labels and conclusions. Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007). A formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action is insufficient. Id. Additionally, a reviewing court should “begin by identifying pleadings [allegations] that, because they are no more than mere conclusions, are not entitled to the assumption of truth.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 679 (2009). “While legal conclusions can provide the framework of a complaint, they must be supported with factual allegations.” Id. “When there are well-pleaded factual allegations, a court should assume their veracity and then determine whether they plausibly give rise to an entitlement to relief.” Id. “Determining whether a complaint states a plausible claim for relief . . . [is] a context- specific task that requires the reviewing court to draw on its judicial experience and common sense.” Id. Finally, all or part of a complaint may be dismissed sua sponte if that person’s claims lack an arguable basis either in law or in fact. This includes claims based on legal conclusions that are untenable (e.g., claims against defendants who are immune from suit or claims of infringement of a legal interest which clearly does not exist), as well as claims based on fanciful factual allegations (e.g., fantastic or delusional scenarios). Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 327–28 (1989); McKeever v. Block, 932 F.2d 795, 798 (9th Cir. 1991). II. Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint Fail to Plead Facts Establishing Personal Jurisdiction Over Defendants. Plaintiff now asserts a First Amendment violation, which the Court does not analyze because there is no personal jurisdiction over Defendants identified by Plaintiff as the Los Angeles County Sheriff, the California Attorney General, Interlaced Social LLC (a Delaware corporation), and Prospera Law LLP (a California Corporation). ECF No. 9 at 2-3. “Federal courts may exercise either general or specific personal jurisdiction over a defendant.” AMC Fabrication, Inc. v. KRD Trucking West, Inc., Case No. 2:12-cv-00146-LDG- general jurisdiction, a defendant must have sufficient contacts with the forum state to constitute the “kind of continuous and systematic general business contacts that approximate physical presence.” Id. Plaintiff pleads no facts to establish general jurisdiction over any Defendant identified in her Amended Complaint. ECF No. 9 at 8-9. A district court may exercise specific jurisdiction over a defendant if the causes of action “arise[] out of or relate to” the defendant’s activity in the forum state. Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz, 471 U.S. 462, 472-73 (1985). Determining whether specific jurisdiction exists over an out of state defendant involves two inquiries: (1) whether a forum state’s long-arm statute permits service of process, and (2) whether the assertion of personal jurisdiction would violate due process. Action Embroidery Corp. v. Atl. Embroidery, Inc., 368 F.3d 1174, 1177, 1180 (9th Cir. 2004). Because Nevada’s long-arm statute, NRS § 14.065, reaches the “outer limits of federal constitutional due process,” the Court need only analyze whether exercising specific jurisdiction over Defendants comports with due process. Certain-Teed Prods. Corp. v. Second Judicial Dist. Ct., 479 P.2d 781, 784 (Nev. 1971). Specific jurisdiction requires a defendant to have taken “some act by which [it] purposefully avails itself of the privilege of conducting activities within the forum State.” Ford Motor Co. v. Montana Eighth Jud. Dist. Ct., 592 U.S. 351, 359 (2021) (internal citation omitted). The contacts “must be the defendant’s own choice and ... must show that the defendant deliberately reached out beyond its home.” Id. (internal citations omitted). The Ninth Circuit employs a three prong test to assess whether a defendant has sufficient minimum contacts with the forum state to be subject to specific personal jurisdiction: (1) The non-resident defendant must purposefully direct his activities or consummate some transaction with the forum or resident thereof; or perform some act by which he purposefully avails himself of the privilege of conducting activities in the forum, thereby invoking the benefits and protections of its laws; (2) the claim must be one which arises out of or relates to the defendant's forum- related activities; and (3) the exercise of jurisdiction must comport with fair play and substantial justice, i.e., it must be reasonable. Picot v. Weston, 780 F.3d 1206, 1211 (9th Cir. 2015) (citing See Schwarzenegger v. Fred Martin first two prongs, but subsequently shifts to the defendant to show the third. Co/legeSource, Inc. AcademyOne, Inc., 653 F.3d 1066, 1076 (9th Cir. 2011) (internal citation omitted). As was true with Plaintiffs original complaint, Plaintiff's Amended Complaint pleads 1 facts that establish any events involving or action taken by Defendants took place in Nevada. EC No. 9 at 8-9. There is nothing to suggest any of these Defendants had any contact of any kind wi the State of Nevada. /d. Thus, no claims arise out of or relate to events that occurred in Nevad For this reason the Court finds an exercise of jurisdiction would not comport with fair play at substantial justice. In sum, the Court finds Plaintiff fails to plead facts that establish a basis for tl Court to exercise personal jurisdiction over any of the Defendants. } Recommendation Based on the foregoing, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that Plaintiffs Amend } Complaint (ECF No. 9) be DISMISSED without prejudice but without leave to file a secot } amended complaint in the U.S. District Court for the District of Nevada. Dated this 25th day of October, 2024. . ELAYNA’Y. YOU: H UNITED. STATES MAG TE JUDGE ORDER ADOPTING REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION The deadline for any party to object to this recommendation was November 8, 2024, and 1 party filed anything or asked to extend the deadline to do so. “[N]o review is required of a 71 magistrate judge’s report and recommendation unless objections are filed.” United States v. Reyna-Tapia, 328 F.3d 1114, 1121 (9th Cir. 2003). Having reviewed the report and recommendation, I find good cause to adopt it, and I do. IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that th: Magistrate Judge’s Report and Recommendation [ECF No. 10] is ADOPTED in its entirety. THIS CASE IS DISMISSED without prejudice but without leave to amend as amendment woul: be futile. The Clerk of Court is directed to CLOSE THIS CASE.
USS. District Judge’ JenniferA. Dorsey Dated: November 13, 2024