Davis v. Parris

710 S.E.2d 757, 289 Ga. 201, 2011 Fulton County D. Rep. 1503, 2011 Ga. LEXIS 382
CourtSupreme Court of Georgia
DecidedMay 16, 2011
DocketS11A0374
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 710 S.E.2d 757 (Davis v. Parris) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Georgia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Davis v. Parris, 710 S.E.2d 757, 289 Ga. 201, 2011 Fulton County D. Rep. 1503, 2011 Ga. LEXIS 382 (Ga. 2011).

Opinions

Benham, Justice.

In January 1980, husband and wife Grady and Fronice Price executed a will which was expressly identified as being “joint and [202]*202mutual.” Grady and Fronice had two children (appellant Deana and appellee Diane), and Grady had two other children (David and appellee Darrell) from a prior marriage. In the 1980 will, Grady and Fronice bequeathed all of their property to each other as the survivor in fee simple. At the death of the survivor, the residue of the estate was to be divided equally among the four children. The relevant language in the will is as follows:

We, E. GRADY AND FRONICE PRICE, of said State and County, being of sound and disposing minds and memories, hereby make, publish and declare this our joint and mutual Last Will and Testament, hereby revoking any and all others by us heretofore made, as follows:
ITEM III
We will, bequeath all of our property, both real and personal, of whatever kind and whereever situated, to the survivor, to be his or hers, as the case may be, in fee simple forever, to do with as he or she sees fit.
ITEM TV
In the event that our deaths should occur simultaneously, or at the death of the survivor, it is our will and desire that any residue of our Estate be divided equally among our children, DARRELL PRICE, DAVID PRICE, DIANE PRICE, and DEANA PRICE, share and share alike.

Grady Price died in July 2005 and Fronice probated the 1980 will in Gwinnett County. Pursuant to the 1980 will, Fronice became the executor and she conveyed Grady’s estate to herself. In November 2005, Fronice executed another will which would, at Fronice’s death, leave 20% of the estate to appellant Deana Davis and the residue to the children of Deana and Diane. Nothing would be left to David, appellee Darrell, or Darrell’s child. Appellant Deana then obtained Fronice’s power of attorney and conveyed all of her mother’s real estate to her two children and to appellee Diane’s child. When Fronice died in 2008, Deana offered the 2005 will for probate in Gwinnett County. Diane filed a caveat and also sought to petition the 1980 will as the last will and testament of Fronice.1

Deana filed a motion for judgment on the pleadings and appellees Diane and Darrell cross-filed a motion for partial summary judgment. The trial court held a hearing on both motions. In denying Deana’s motion and granting appellees’ partial motion for summary judgment, the trial court determined that the 1980 will was joint and [203]*203mutual according to the law that existed prior to the adoption of the 1998 probate code and, as such, could not be revoked by Fronice’s 2005 will. As a remedy, the trial court ordered that the 1980 will be specifically enforced by equity.

1. Appellant alleges the trial court erred when it determined that the 1998 probate code did not apply to the case. When construing the devises in a will, the law at the time of the testator’s death is the law to be applied. OCGA § 53-4-2; Payne v. Payne, 213 Ga. 613 (100 SE2d 450) (1957). In this case, however, the issue is not the propriety of the devises in the 1980 will but whether Grady and Fronice had a contract not to revoke the 1980 will. When determining whether a contract exists, the law at the time the contract was made is the relevant law to be applied. Magnetic Resonance Plus, Inc. v. Imaging Systems Intl., 273 Ga. 525 (2) (543 SE2d 32) (2001), citing to McKie v. McKie, 213 Ga. 582 (2) (100 SE2d 580) (1957). Also, the 1998 probate code only applies to contracts entered into on or after January 1, 1998 (OCGA § 53-1-1), so it would not apply to any contract allegedly made in 1980. Accordingly, the trial court did not err when it applied the law in place before the 1998 probate code was adopted to determine whether Grady and Fronice Price had a contract not to revoke the 1980 will.

2. Appellant contends that the trial court erred in finding that the 1980 will was “joint and mutual” such that a contract not to revoke existed. We disagree. At the time the will was executed and prior to the adoption of the 1998 probate code, a mutual will was a will that made reciprocal devises of property and could be separately or jointly executed. Ricketson v. Fox, 247 Ga. 162 (3) (274 SE2d 556) (1981) (citing Code Ann. § 113-104,2 precursor to what the parties cite as OCGA § 53-2-51). If a mutual will was jointly executed, both testators signed a single document and the document was probated upon each testator’s death. See, e.g., Lampkin v. Edwards, 222 Ga. 288, 290 (149 SE2d 708) (1966).3 If a will expressly stated that it was joint and mutual, and the surviving testator benefitted from the mutual promises made therein, then there was an enforceable contract not to revoke. Johnson v. Harper, 246 Ga. 124 (1) (269 SE2d 16) (1980) (will evidenced an irrevocable contract where will was joint and mutual, and the survivor benefitted from the mutual [204]*204promises made therein). See also C&S Nat. Bank v. Leaptrot, 225 Ga. 783, 786 (171 SE2d 555) (1969). “A written agreement between A and B whereby A agrees to convey certain described real estate to B in consideration of B’s agreement to convey certain described real estate to A is such valuable consideration as will support an enforceable contract.” Webb v. Smith, 220 Ga. 809, 812 (141 SE2d 899) (1965) (a joint will executed by two testators was held to be mutual for the reciprocities made therein). Even if a joint and mutual will is technically revoked (i.e., by survivor’s remarriage), interested parties may still have an action on the underlying contract not to revoke and obtain the remedy of specific performance. Johnson v. Harper, supra, 246 Ga. at 125-126; C&S Nat. Bank v. Leaptrot, supra, 225 Ga. at 786-787 (“It is the contract and not the mutual will which is irrevocable.”).

Grady and Fronice’s 1980 will follows the pattern referenced above in Webb v. Smith, supra. Grady and Fronice each agreed to give the other certain described real and personal property as valuable consideration if one or the other survived. They also agreed that if they died simultaneously, or at the survivor’s death, that the residue of the estate would go to the four children, all of whom were biologically Grady’s children and two of whom were biologically Fronice’s children. When Grady died in 2005, Fronice, as the survivor, benefitted from the 1980 will when she probated it as Grady’s last will and testament and conveyed Grady’s entire estate to herself.4 Based on these facts and the law applicable at the time, the trial court did not err when it concluded the 1980 will was joint and mutual and that Grady and Fronice had an enforceable contract not to revoke the 1980 will. Johnson v. Harper, supra, 246 Ga. at 125; Ammons v. Williams, 233 Ga. 534 (212 SE2d 769) (1975).

3. Appellant argues that the trial court erred by finding that the 1980 will’s fee simple conveyance to Fronice was a marital trust. The trial court’s order stated:

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Davis v. Parris
710 S.E.2d 757 (Supreme Court of Georgia, 2011)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
710 S.E.2d 757, 289 Ga. 201, 2011 Fulton County D. Rep. 1503, 2011 Ga. LEXIS 382, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/davis-v-parris-ga-2011.