Daniel v. American Optical Corp.
This text of 304 S.E.2d 383 (Daniel v. American Optical Corp.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Georgia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.
Opinion
This case comes before us upon questions certified by the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit pursuant to Rule 36 of the Supreme Court of Georgia. See OCGA § 15-2-9; Code Ann. § 24-4536. The following statement of the case was submitted to us by the circuit court.
Statement of the case
“On January 4,1978, while operating a lathe, plaintiff suffered an eye injury when a piece (or pieces) of hot metal flew over his safety glasses into his left eye. The defendant is the manufacturer of the safety glasses that the plaintiff was wearing at the time of the accident. On May 22, 1981, more than two years after the accident, plaintiff filed this diversity suit, and seeks damages for strict liability in tort under Ga. Code § 105-106 [OCGA § 51-1-11 (b)] and for negligence.
“Ga. Code § 3-1004 [OCGA § 9-3-33] provides in relevant part that ‘[a]ctions for injuries to the person shall be brought within two years after the right of action accrues.’ The defendant brought a Motion to Dismiss contending that the action is barred by § 3-1004 [OCGA § 9-3-33]. If this statute of limitations applies, then plaintiff’s *167 action was untimely filed. Plaintiff argues that § 3-1004 [OCGA § 9-3-33] does not apply to the strict liability claim under § 105-106 [OCGA § 51-1-11 (b)].
“Plaintiff notes that the Georgia legislature added a statute of limitations to § 105-106 [OCGA § 51-1-11 (b)]. [This limitation applies only to that portion of § 105-106 dealing with products liability — now subsection (b) of OCGA § 51-1-11] in April 1978, after the accident in this case occurred. The amendment provides, in relevant part: No action shall be commenced pursuant to this subsection with respect to an injury after 10 years from the date of the first sale for use or consumption of the personal property causing or otherwise bringing about the injury. Prior to April 1978, § 105-106 did not provide any such statute of limitations; plaintiff argues, therefore, no statute of limitations applied to strict products liability claims arising under § 105-106 [OCGA § 51-l-ll(b)].
“The defendant contends that, because an action under § 105-106 [OCGA § 51-1-11 (b)] sounds in tort, § 3-1004 [OCGA § 9-3-33] applies. The district court agreed and dismissed the complaint. The plaintiff appealed.”
Certified Questions
“(1) What period of limitations applies to the instant fact situation, the two-year period under § 3-1004 [OCGA § 9-3-33] or the ten-year period under § 105-106 [OCGA § 51-1-11 (b)]? (2) Is some other period of limitations applicable? (3) Was the complaint by the plaintiff timely filed?”
1. OCGA § 51-1-11 (b) (Code Ann. § 105-106) is our statute governing strict liability in tort which is in derogation of common law and “must be strictly construed or limited strictly to the meaning of the language employed and not extended beyond plain and explicit terms.” Ford Motor Co. v. Carter, 239 Ga. 657, 658 (238 SE2d 361) (1977); Wansor v. George Hantscho Co., 243 Ga. 91 (252 SE2d 623) (1979). In the 1978 amendment to this subsection, the legislature expressly placed time restrictions on the bringing of a cause of action under the subsection, but it was not a traditional statute of limitations which typically declares “that no suit shall be maintained on such causes of action unless brought within a specified period after the right accrued. ” (Emphasis supplied.) Black’s Law Dictionary, p. 1077 (4th Ed. 1968). OCGA § 51-1-11 (b) (Code Ann. § 105-106) does not contain such a traditional statute of limitations. Since OCGA § 51-1-11 (b) (Code Ann. § 105-106) must be strictly construed, we do not believe this 1978 amendment was intended to preclude the application of a general statute of limitations which would otherwise apply or to suggest that no general statute of limitations applied to *168 strict liability actions under OCGA § 51-1-11 (b) (Code Ann. § 105-106) prior to the 1978 amendment. See Eldridge, Products Liability in Georgia § 5-6.6 (1982 Supp.).
OCGA § 9-3-33 (Code Ann. § 3-1004) provides in relevant part, “Actions for injuries to the person shall be brought within two years after the right of action accrues ...” This is a traditional general statute of limitations. By its very language, the scope of application of this statute of limitations is determined by the nature of the injury sustained rather than the legal theory underlying the claim for relief. The nature of injuries covered are “injuries to the person.” Physical injuries such as these are clearly covered by this language. Dalrymple v. Brunswick Coca-Cola Bottling Co., 51 Ga. App. 754 (181 SE 597) (1935). Because the nature of the injury sustained in this case is an injury to the person, OCGA § 9-3-33 (Code Ann. § 3-1004) applies. See Taylor v. Murray, 231 Ga. 852 (204 SE2d 747) (1974). 1 We find no reason to differentiate between actions for personal injuries brought under a theory of strict liability as opposed to negligence for purposes of applying OCGA § 9-3-33 (Code Ann. § 3-1004).
2.
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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack
304 S.E.2d 383, 251 Ga. 166, 1983 Ga. LEXIS 759, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/daniel-v-american-optical-corp-ga-1983.