Craighead v. Norfolk & Western Railway Co.

475 S.E.2d 363, 197 W. Va. 271, 1996 W. Va. LEXIS 93
CourtWest Virginia Supreme Court
DecidedJuly 5, 1996
Docket22946
StatusPublished
Cited by13 cases

This text of 475 S.E.2d 363 (Craighead v. Norfolk & Western Railway Co.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering West Virginia Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Craighead v. Norfolk & Western Railway Co., 475 S.E.2d 363, 197 W. Va. 271, 1996 W. Va. LEXIS 93 (W. Va. 1996).

Opinion

ALBRIGHT, Justice:

Appellants, Norfolk and Western Railway Company and B.R. Turner (defendants below), appeal a $657,100.50 judgment entered against them by the Circuit Court of McDowell County in a wrongful death action that arose after Steven Craighead was struck and killed by a Norfolk and Western train. Appellants contend that the circuit court erred by giving instructions that (1) permitted the jury to apply a duty of ordinary care when the circumstances required a finding of willful and wanton conduct; (2) improperly imposed on appellants a duty of ordinary care to discover a trespasser on its tracks at a place other than a public crossing; and (3) permitted the jury to find that appellants were negligent under circumstances that were not supported by the evidence. Appellants further contend that the circuit court erred by allowing expert opinion testimony regarding appellant’s negligence and by failing to exclude speculative evidence of future lost earnings. We find that the instructions were proper and were supported by the evidence, that appellants waived error on the issue of the expert opinion testimony, and that the evidence of future lost earnings was properly allowed. Accordingly, we affirm.

The accident that resulted in Steven Craig-head’s death occurred in close proximity to railroad milepost 389, 1 which is near Land-graff, West Virginia, a rural community with residences located beside railroad tracks owned by appellant Norfolk and Western Railway Company (“N & W”). Milepost 389 is located approximately 711 feet to the east of the Landgraff railroad crossing. The tracks in this area run upgrade to the east of Landgraff and curve gradually to the north. According to the evidence presented at trial, for approximately twenty years many of the residents of Landgraff have regularly walked on the N & W tracks and right-of-way in the Landgraff area with the knowledge of N & W employees. On the afternoon of November 12, 1991, twenty-one-year-old Steven Craighead was walking east on the north track of the double-track line near Land-graff, when he was approached by an eastbound train traveling on the south track. The eastbound train was made up of pulling diesels on the head end, or front, followed by approximately ninety-seven cars and pusher diesels on the rear end. The total length of the train was roughly one mile. The engineer of the eastbound train testified that he observed Steven Craighead walking at the head of the ties, which, according to one of the experts who testified, was the east end of the ties. Upon seeing Steven Craighead on the track ahead, the train engineer blew his *275 horn. Steven responded by moving to the north, off of the track and onto the ballast, approximately eight to ten feet away from the rails.

Shortly after the eastbound train began to pass Steven, the head end of the train encountered a westbound consist 2 of three engines and no cars traveling on the other track. Appellant B.R. Turner, engineer of the westbound consist, was operating the consist without a crew, apparently from the lead engine. The lead engine 3 of the westbound consist was in a long-nose-forward configuration. Long nose forward refers to an engine that is traveling in a direction which places the cab toward the back, with the longest portion of the engine located in front of the cab. Unlike an automobile, train engines are designed to operate with the same efficiency while traveling either forward or backward. However, the cab, where the engineer is located, sits nearer to one end of the engine. According to the record here, engineer Turner was located on the right or northerly side of the engine and approximately sixty feet from the front of it. As the westbound consist moved past, the engineer of the eastbound train radioed engineer Turner, of the westbound consist, to notify Turner that his consist “looked good.” 4 However, the eastbound engineer did not inform engineer Turner that someone had just been seen on the tracks ahead of Turner.

As the westbound consist continued, traveling downgrade at twenty-six miles-per-hour, 5 it approached milepost 389 and entered a gradual left-hand or northerly curve. Due to the combination of the long-nose-forward configuration and the left-hand curve, engineer Turner was unable to see the track ahead of him for a distance of approximately 100 feet. Apparently, Steven Craig-head had returned to a position on or near the northern track and was walking toward the westbound consist. At a point near milepost 389, and within the left-hand curve, the right-front side of the lead engine of the Turner consist struck Steven Craighead. Engineer Turner heard a sound and saw Steven fall away to the right side, or north side, of the tracks. The eastbound train was still passing the westbound consist when Steven was struck. Engineer Turner stopped the westbound consist and radioed for help. Steven Craighead was transported to a hospital, where he died of head injuries the following day.

Steven Craighead’s mother, appellee Jeanette Craighead (plaintiff below), subsequently filed this wrongful death action as Adminis-tratrix of the Estate of Steven S. Craighead, deceased. The suit named as defendants N & W, B.R. Turner (the engineer of the westbound consist), and three N & W supervisory employees.

At the end of appellee’s evidence, the circuit court denied appellants’ motion for a directed verdict in favor of all defendants. Appellants renewed their motion at the end of all the evidence. The court granted the motion with regard to the three supervisory N & W employees, but denied it with regard to N & W and engineer Turner. Subsequently, the jury returned a verdict finding decedent, Steven Craighead, 30% negligent in proximately causing the subject accident, and finding appellants 70% negligent. In addition, the jury determined appellee’s damages to be $938,715.00. The court entered judgment against appellants for their portion of the damages, which equaled $657,100.50, plus jury costs. Appellants then filed a motion for judgment in accordance with the motion for directed verdict, or in the alternative, for a new trial. The circuit court denied appellants’ motion by order dated September *276 12, 1994. It is from this order that appellants appeal.

JURY INSTRUCTIONS

We first address appellants’ contention that the court erred in giving certain instructions. Appellants contend the court committed error in giving Plaintiffs Instruction No. 11 over their objection, and thereby erroneously instructing the jury that appellants could be deemed liable upon a finding that appellants failed to exercise reasonable care. Appellants assert that Steven Craighead, the decedent, was a trespasser when he was struck, and, therefore, N & W was liable only if it willfully or wantonly injured him.

Generally, “[t]he owner or possessor of property does not owe trespassers a duty of ordinary care. With regard to a trespasser, a possessor of property only need refrain from wilful or wanton injury.” Syl. pt. 2, Huffman v. Appalachian Power Co., 187 W.Va. 1,

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Bluebook (online)
475 S.E.2d 363, 197 W. Va. 271, 1996 W. Va. LEXIS 93, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/craighead-v-norfolk-western-railway-co-wva-1996.