Cozad v. State

792 S.W.2d 606, 303 Ark. 137, 1990 Ark. LEXIS 390
CourtSupreme Court of Arkansas
DecidedJuly 16, 1990
DocketCR 90-21
StatusPublished
Cited by31 cases

This text of 792 S.W.2d 606 (Cozad v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Arkansas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Cozad v. State, 792 S.W.2d 606, 303 Ark. 137, 1990 Ark. LEXIS 390 (Ark. 1990).

Opinions

Tom Glaze, Justice.

Appellant was charged under the rape statute, Ark. Code Ann. § 5-14-103 (1987), with engaging in deviate sexual activity with a person under fourteen years of age. The victim is the daughter of Cathy Lewellyn, who held herself out to be Cozad’s wife at the time of the crime. Appellant was convicted of rape and sentenced as a habitual offender to forty years imprisonment.

In his appeal, the appellant argues that the trial court erred in overruling his asserted privilege under Ark. Code Ann. § 17-39-107 (1987) involving a conversation he had with a certified licensed social worker. The trial court ruled that, pursuant to Ark. Code Ann. § 12-12-511 (Supp. 1989), the social worker could testify about her conversation with the appellant. In addition, the appellant argues that the trial court erred in not ruling that A.R.Cr.P. Rule 36.4 is unconstitutional. We find no error and therefore affirm.

Since the appellant does not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence, only the following information is needed in resolving the privilege issue he argues on appeal. On the evening of Friday, August 19,1988, Cathy Lewellyn said that she came home early from work and discovered that a sexual movie was being played on the television and her thirteen-year-old daughter was performing oral sex on the appellant. Mrs. Lewellyn testified that, shortly after she discovered the appellant with her daughter; the appellant called someone on the phone, and told that person that “he needed help, that that wasn’t what normal people do.”

The following Monday, the appellant and Mrs. Lewellyn went to see Gwyn Price-Pickard, a social worker at Professional Counseling Associates. At trial, Ms. Price-Pickard testified that the appellant told her that he was in a stupor or unconscious condition that Friday evening and that prior to, and at, the time his wife walked in, he was not aware of what was taking place. This testimony was admitted into evidence over appellant’s strenuous objections that it was a privileged communication. The appellant’s defense at the trial was that he was in Oklahoma working at the time the crime was alleged to have been committed. The appellant conceded that on the following Monday, he did take Mrs. Lewellyn to “her” appointment with Ms. PricePickard, but when asked, he told the social worker that he had no knowledge of the episode Mrs. Lewellyn claimed occurred on the prior Friday.

In the appellant’s first issue, we are asked to address the conflict, if any, between Ark. Code Ann. §§ 12-12-511 and 17-39-107. Below and on appeal, the appellant argues that, under the terms of § 17-39-107, his conversation with the social worker is privileged. This privilege is contained in the Social Work Licensing Act, Act 791 of 1981, and provides the following:

No licensed certified social worker, licensed master social worker, or licensed social worker or his secretary, stenographer, or clerk may disclose any information he may have acquired from persons consulting him in his professional capacity to those persons. . . . (Emphasis supplied.)

The foregoing provision continues to list four exceptions where the information would not be privileged, but none are applicable here. 1

The state argued successfully below that § 12-12-511 was in existence when § 17-39-107 was enacted, and specifically provides that no privilege exists “at any proceeding” involving the sexual abuse of children. Section 12-12-511 is part of the Child Abuse Reporting Act, Act 397 of 1975, and provides as follows:

Any provision of the Arkansas Uniform Rules of Evidence notwithstanding, any privilege between husband and wife or between any professional person, except lawyer and client including, but not limited to, physicians, ministers, counselors, hospitals, clinics, day care centers, and schools and their clients shall not constitute grounds for excluding evidence at any proceeding regarding child abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect of child or the cause thereof (Emphasis supplied.)2

The appellant argues that §12-12-511 was intended to apply only to civil, and not criminal proceedings. We disagree.

A primary rule in statutory construction is to ascertain and give effect to the intent of the General Assembly and this intent is obtained by considering the entire act. Henderson v. Russell, 267 Ark. 140, 589 S.W.2d 565 (1979). In determining the legislature’s intent in passing § 12-12-511, we must look at other parts of the Child Abuse Reporting Act. See State v. Brown, 283 Ark. 304, 675 S.W.2d 822 (1984). To begin with, we look at the Act’s purpose which provides the following:

It is the purpose of this subchapter, through the use of complete reporting of child abuse, to protect the best interests of the child, to prevent further harm to the child, to stabilize home environment, to preserve family life, and to encourage cooperation among the states in dealing with child abuse.

Next, we note that “sexual activity” is defined by the Act as any act of deviate sexual activity, sexual intercourse, or contact as set out and defined in the Arkansas Criminal Code and its amendments. The Act also mandates that written reports concerning instances or allegations of child abuse, sexual abuse and neglect be given to the prosecuting attorney’s office and appropriate law enforcement agency. Ark. Code Ann. § 12-12-507(c) (Supp. 1989); see also Ark. Code Ann. § 12-12-508(f) (Supp. 1989). Furthermore, § 12-12-507(d) (Supp. 1989) provides that a written report from persons or officials required by this Act shall be admissible in evidence in “any proceeding” relating to child abuse, sexual abuse or neglect.

In the same Act, §12-12-513 by its language applies to only dependency or neglect cases. That provision allows for a court ordered examination by a physician, psychologist, or psychiatrist of the parents or custodian after a finding of dependency or neglect. The information obtained from the court ordered examination is excluded from use in any subsequent criminal proceedings against the person or custodian concerning the abuse or nonaccidental injury of the child. Ark. Code Ann. § 12-12-513(c).

On the other hand, notably missing from § 12-12-511, and from 12-12-507, is language providing an exclusion of such information from use in criminal proceedings. Unlike § 12-12-513, § 12-12-511 contains no limiting language to its use in criminal proceedings, but instead uses the term, “any proceeding.” Also, it does not concern court ordered examinations. In addition, a reading of § 12-12-510, which provides that a person who in good faith makes a report of child abuse shall be immune from civil or criminal liability, shows that the legislature was contemplating criminal as well as civil proceedings.

While this court has never addressed this issue before, we have previously indicated that the Child Abuse Reporting Act applied to criminal proceedings. See Poyner v. State, 288 Ark. 402, 705 S.W.2d 882 (1986).

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Cozad v. State
792 S.W.2d 606 (Supreme Court of Arkansas, 1990)

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Bluebook (online)
792 S.W.2d 606, 303 Ark. 137, 1990 Ark. LEXIS 390, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/cozad-v-state-ark-1990.