Continental Insurance v. State Farm Mutual Insurance

443 S.E.2d 509, 212 Ga. App. 839, 94 Fulton County D. Rep. 1450, 1994 Ga. App. LEXIS 413
CourtCourt of Appeals of Georgia
DecidedMarch 22, 1994
DocketA94A0097
StatusPublished
Cited by9 cases

This text of 443 S.E.2d 509 (Continental Insurance v. State Farm Mutual Insurance) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Georgia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Continental Insurance v. State Farm Mutual Insurance, 443 S.E.2d 509, 212 Ga. App. 839, 94 Fulton County D. Rep. 1450, 1994 Ga. App. LEXIS 413 (Ga. Ct. App. 1994).

Opinions

Blackburn, Judge.

On August 23, 1991, Bryan Staggs was involved in a motor vehicle collision with Freddie and Jennie Giddens. Subsequently, State Farm Mutual Insurance Company commenced this declaratory judgment, seeking a determination that an insurance policy it originally [840]*840issued to Staggs for a six-month term from March 1991 through September 1991 had been cancelled, effective July 3, 1991, and thus provided no coverage for the collision.

Staggs defaulted in the action, and Continental Insurance Company was subsequently added as the uninsured motorist carrier for the Giddenses. Following trial in the matter, the jury returned a verdict for Continental and the Giddenses. However, the trial court directed a verdict for State Farm, and this appeal resulted.

State Farm was the original issuer of an automobile liability insurance policy to Staggs. At trial, State Farm showed that on June 20, 1991, it mailed to Staggs a notice of cancellation, effective July 3, 1991, because of his failure to pay a policy premium due in May 1991. It also produced a United States Postal Service proof of mailing list confirming the mailing.

At the inception of the trial, the trial court entered a default judgment against Staggs. However, Continental was allowed over State Farm’s objection to adduce Staggs’ deposition testimony, in which he denied ever receiving the notice of cancellation but noted that he and his loss payee did receive a notice of non-renewal of the policy on July 30, 1991. State Farm’s underwriting operations superintendent acknowledged that notice of non-renewal, but explained that State Farm had issued two policies to Staggs’ household, one covering Staggs’ vehicle and the other covering his wife’s automobile. Although it was not mailed until July 30, 1991, that notice of non-renewal had been generated several weeks before the cancellation of Staggs’ policy due to an earlier problem with Staggs’ driving record, and had included both vehicles as a matter of convenience.

At the close of the trial, State Farm moved for directed verdict on the grounds that (1) Staggs’ default constituted an admission in judicio, binding on his co-defendants, that State Farm had properly cancelled the insurance policy issued to Staggs, and (2) inasmuch as State Farm had shown a proper mailing of the cancellation notice, it was legally irrelevant whether or not Staggs actually received it. The trial court initially deferred ruling on the motion, but, after the jury’s verdict in favor of the defendants, ultimately directed the verdict for State Farm.

In doing so, the trial court found that the only evidence controverting State Farm’s showing of a proper cancellation of the policy in question was Staggs’ deposition testimony. However, because Staggs’ default constituted an admission in judicio binding upon all co-defendants whose interests in the matter were not adverse to Staggs’, that deposition testimony had no probative value. On appeal, Continental contends that the trial court improperly used Staggs’ default as an admission against all the co-defendants.

1. Initally, we note that the trial court reserved ruling on State [841]*841Farm’s motion for directed verdict until the jury reached a verdict, but directed the verdict for State Farm without entering judgment on the jury’s verdict. In several recent cases involving this same procedure, this court has reversed the trial court’s judgment, with direction that judgment first be entered on the jury’s verdict, and then the parties could pursue appropriate post-judgment remedies. Fabian v. Dykes, 210 Ga. App. 703 (436 SE2d 819) (1993); Wright v. Millines, 204 Ga. App. 111 (418 SE2d 453) (1992); Anaya v. Brooks Auto Parts, 203 Ga. App. 485 (417 SE2d 423) (1992). In support of its conclusion in Anaya, this court cited Connell v. Long, 248 Ga. 716 (286 SE2d 287) (1982). However, that reliance was misplaced, because this court treated Connell as a case involving a post-verdict grant of a motion for directed verdict, when no motion for directed verdict was filed in the case, and there had been no reservation of its ruling on such motion by the trial court as is herein involved.

It is the better practice in those cases, where the trial court reserves ruling on a motion for directed verdict and submits the case to the jury which renders a verdict, to enter judgment on the jury’s verdict and to then rule on the motion for j.n.o.v., pursuant to OCGA § 9-11-50. Where, however, the trial court fails to follow this procedure and enters judgment on the motion for directed verdict without first entering judgment on the jury verdict, nothing is gained by returning the case to the trial court for entry of judgment on the jury verdict, which the trial court would then be authorized sua sponte to vacate and re-grant the motion for directed verdict. As stated by Judge Johnson in his dissent in Anaya, “ [a] 11 of this is totally unnecessary and could be obviated by simply reaching the merits of the main appeal at the present time.”

Prior to Anaya and its progeny, neither this court nor the Supreme Court insisted on strict adherence to the literal terms of the Civil Practice Act provisions on directed verdicts. “[I]t has been held that a motion for directed verdict is not essential where the evidence demands the verdict, for if it demands it, the granting of the verdict by the court is valid despite the court’s failure to obey the procedural law in the Civil Practice Act. [Cits.]” Gleaton v. City of Atlanta, 131 Ga. App. 399 (206 SE2d 46) (1974). Considerations of judicial economy as codified in OCGA § 9-11-50 have been found to militate in favor of allowing a trial court to grant post-verdict a motion for directed verdict, even though no motion for judgment n.o.v. was filed. See Mayor &c. of Savannah v. Palmerio, 242 Ga. 419 (249 SE2d 224) (1978); Brandvain v. Ridgeview Institute, 188 Ga. App. 106 (372 SE2d 265) (1988).

Believing that the present law frustrates judicial economy and efficiency and adds a needless layer of complexity to post-trial practice in this state, we hereby expressly overrule the holdings in Wright, [842]*842Fabian, and Anaya, to the extent they are inconsistent with this opinion. We now hold that where an appeal is otherwise properly before this court, we will consider the merits of the appeal where the trial court reserved ruling on a motion for directed verdict and then directed a verdict after the jury has rendered a verdict but before there has been an entry of judgment on that verdict, where no special harm results to either party from such consideration.

2. Where a defendant tortfeasor defaults and thereby waives his right to defend against the action, “his waiver and default can not be permitted to injure the statutory right of the [uninsured motorist] insurer to defend the action in its own name, which would be the result if the insurer were held to be bound by the defendant’s admissions. . . .” Ga. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Willis, 140 Ga. App. 225, 226 (230 SE2d 363) (1976). We agree with Continental that under Willis, it was entitled to use Staggs’ deposition testimony in its defense of State Farm’s declaratory judgment action.

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Continental Insurance v. State Farm Mutual Insurance
443 S.E.2d 509 (Court of Appeals of Georgia, 1994)

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Bluebook (online)
443 S.E.2d 509, 212 Ga. App. 839, 94 Fulton County D. Rep. 1450, 1994 Ga. App. LEXIS 413, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/continental-insurance-v-state-farm-mutual-insurance-gactapp-1994.