Congdon v. Berg

299 P.3d 588, 256 Or. App. 73, 2013 WL 1335290, 2013 Ore. App. LEXIS 374
CourtCourt of Appeals of Oregon
DecidedApril 3, 2013
Docket090405686; A147139
StatusPublished
Cited by9 cases

This text of 299 P.3d 588 (Congdon v. Berg) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Oregon primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Congdon v. Berg, 299 P.3d 588, 256 Or. App. 73, 2013 WL 1335290, 2013 Ore. App. LEXIS 374 (Or. Ct. App. 2013).

Opinion

NAKAMOTO, J.

In this action to recover uninsured motorist benefits, arising out of plaintiff’s injury in an automobile accident with an uninsured driver, defendant Farmers Insurance Company appeals from a general judgment entered after a jury’s verdict on damages. The judgment awarded plaintiff $48,122.87 in economic damages and $275,000.00 in non-economic damages. Defendant also appeals from a supplemental judgment awarding plaintiff attorney fees under ORS 742.061. We conclude that, as defendant asserts, the trial court erred in rejecting its request to poll the jurors individually to determine whether the same nine jurors agreed on economic and noneconomic damages, as required in this case for a valid verdict. As a result, we reverse and remand for a new trial. We also reverse the award of attorney fees and, because the issue is likely to arise on remand, hold that an award of fees was not authorized because defendant met the requirements to come within the safe harbor of ORS 742.061(3).

We address first the jury polling issue and set forth the material facts related to that issue. Plaintiff was injured in an automobile accident with an uninsured driver. She filed a claim with her own insurer, defendant, alleging that the uninsured driver was at fault and that defendant was liable for her damages. Defendant admitted that the uninsured driver was at fault and that defendant was liable for plaintiff’s damages. The case went to trial only on the issue of damages.

As noted, the jury returned a verdict for plaintiff, finding that she had suffered economic damages of $48,122.87 and noneconomic damages of $275,000.00. However, the foreperson of the jury stated that the findings were not unanimous. Under the Oregon Constitution, in civil cases, “three-fourths of the jury may render a verdict.” Or Const, Art VII (Amended), § 5(7); ORCP 59 G. When there is a 12-person jury, that means that the same nine or more jurors must agree, in full, on every interdependent element of a particular claim against a particular defendant. Sandford v. Chev. Div. Gen. Motors, 292 Or 590, 613, 642 P2d 624 (1982) (“[T]he same jurors must constitute the [75]*75three-fourths majority that finds every separate element required for the verdict.”). As we noted in Verberes v. Knappton Corporation, 92 Or App 378, 383, 759 P2d 279, rev den, 307 Or 78 (1988), “at least nine jurors” is not the same as “at least the same nine jurors.” The same nine jurors must agree on every interdependent element of a claim. Id. at 381-82; see Clark v. Strain, et al., 212 Or 357, 364, 319 P2d 940 (1958) (noting with approval other cases that hold that the “minimum legal number of jurors required for a valid verdict must be the same jurors voting similarly on each separate issue” that is required to be resolved).

In civil cases, each party has an absolute privilege to request a poll of the jury to ensure that the verdict is correct. ORCP 59 G(3); Eisele v. Rood, 275 Or 461, 468, 551 P2d 441 (1976). In light of its uncertainty that the same nine jurors had agreed on both economic and noneconomic damages, defendant asked the court to poll the jury. The court polled the jurors collectively on each type of damages. First the court asked for a show of hands in support of the finding of economic damages. By raising their hands, nine jurors indicated that they had agreed with the finding on economic damages, and three jurors indicated that they had voted no. The court then asked the jurors about the finding of noneconomic damages. By a show of hands, eight jurors indicated that they had agreed with the findings and four indicated that they had disagreed. Counting only eight jurors in support of the finding on noneconomic damages, the court announced that the verdict was not legal and that it intended to send the jury back to deliberate further. At that point, plaintiff requested that the judge poll the jury again. The court agreed to do so and once again asked the jurors for a show of hands on each type of damages. That time, the court counted nine votes in favor of the economic damages verdict and nine votes in favor of the noneconomic damages verdict.

The court did not discharge the jurors, but sent them back to the jury room and asked the parties whether they objected to receiving the verdict and discharging the jury. Defendant’s counsel expressed the concern that, even though nine jurors had supported each type of damages, [76]*76they were not the same nine jurors: “[J]uror number two was yes on the economic, no on the non-economic. Juror number eleven was reversed the same way.” Plaintiff’s counsel disagreed, stating that he thought he had seen the same nine jurors vote “yes” on economic and noneconomic damages. Defense counsel then stated:

“What I would recommend is have them come in and ask each individually yes or no, and then we know for the record who is saying.
“Polling them this way, where they just raise their hand without anything in the record indicating jurors number one, two, three, eight, nine or whoever has their hand up, there is no way from the record, itself, to verify or resolve this.”

The court rejected defense counsel’s request and declined to individually poll the jurors. The court explained that it was not certain that the same nine jurors needed to agree on the different types of damages. In any event, the court said that, because there was nothing on the verdict form itself that indicated that the same nine jurors had to agree on both types of damages, there was “an issue of waiver.” The court entered judgment on the verdict.

On appeal, defendant argues that, as it requested and as a matter of right, defendant was entitled under ORCP 59 G(3) to have the jurors polled individually to ensure that the same nine jurors agreed that plaintiff was entitled to both economic and noneconomic damages and that the verdict therefore was proper. Under ORCP 59 G(3),

“[w]hen the verdict is given, and before it is filed, the jury may be polled on the request of a party, for which purpose each juror shall be asked whether the verdict is the juror’s verdict. If fewer jurors answer in the affirmative than the number required to render a verdict, the jury shall be sent out for further deliberations.”

Although the rule’s statement that “the jury may be polled” suggests that whether or not to poll the jury is a matter within the trial court’s discretion, in fact, this court and the Supreme Court have said that, unless waived, a party’s right upon request to have the jury polled in a civil case is absolute. In Freeman v. Wentworth & Irwin, Inc., 139 Or 1, [77]*777 P2d 796 (1932), the Supreme Court considered whether Oregon Code, title II, ch 3, § 2-319 (1930), which is similar to ORCP 59 G(3) and which stated in part that “[w]hen a verdict is given, and before it is filed, the jury may be polled on the request of either party,” provided a right to polling, id. at 20, and whether the right had been waived, id. at 20-24. The court held that “our statute does not make the polling of the jury discretionary with the judge but, in harmony with the general rule ***, grants this privilege as an absolute right.” Id. at 20 (citations omitted); accord Eisele, 275 Or at 468 (citing Freeman); Brummett v.

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299 P.3d 588, 256 Or. App. 73, 2013 WL 1335290, 2013 Ore. App. LEXIS 374, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/congdon-v-berg-orctapp-2013.