Commonwealth v. Sanders

471 A.2d 885, 324 Pa. Super. 372, 1984 Pa. Super. LEXIS 3931
CourtSuperior Court of Pennsylvania
DecidedFebruary 10, 1984
Docket1106
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 471 A.2d 885 (Commonwealth v. Sanders) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Superior Court of Pennsylvania primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Commonwealth v. Sanders, 471 A.2d 885, 324 Pa. Super. 372, 1984 Pa. Super. LEXIS 3931 (Pa. Ct. App. 1984).

Opinion

MONTEMURO, Judge:

On November 6, 1981, the appellant, Francis Sanders, was found guilty after a jury trial, on one count each of criminal conspiracy,1 theft by receiving stolen property,2 violation of the Pharmacy Act,3 and criminal attempt to violate the Pharmacy Act.4 He was also found guilty on two counts of forgery.5 The charges arose out of an incident wherein the appellant allegedly attempted to procure prescribed drugs by means of a forged prescription slip stolen from the office of Dr. Anthony J. Giaimo.

The appellant filed post-verdict motions in arrest of judgment and for a new trial, which were denied by the trial court. He was subsequently sentenced to one (1) to five (5) years imprisonment on the criminal conspiracy charge. Sentence was suspended on all other charges. This appeal followed.

[374]*374Two issues are raised for our consideration; however, because we find only one of them to be meritorious, we need only discuss that issue, to wit: the trial court erred in commenting on the appellant’s post-arrest silence. After reviewing the trial transcript in light of the relevant law, we agree that a prejudicial error was committed and consequently vacate the judgment of sentence and remand the case for a new trial.

In order to understand the appellant’s contention, it is necessary to establish the factual context. The appellant was a chronic alcoholic who suffered from an internal disorder called pancreatitis. For a period of twelve (12) to fifteen (15) months he was being treated for this disorder by Dr. Anthony J. Giaimo. Dr. Giaimo’s treatment was principally to prescribe for the appellant Tylenol with Codeine # 4 for pain, and sometimes another drug, Doriden, when the appellant complained of insomnia.

On April 10, 1981, the appellant visited Dr. Giaimo. Dr. Giaimo testified that on that occasion he prescribed only Tylenol with Codeine for the appellant. On April 12, 1981, the appellant, along with two female companions, drove to Ralph’s Pharmacy in Whitemarsh Township. The appellant presented two prescription slips to Ralph Tucci, the proprietor and pharmacist. One of the slips was for Tylenol with Codeine, and the other was for Doriden; both were putatively signed and stamped by Dr. Anthony J. Giaimo.

The pharmacist, Mr. Tucci, had filled prescriptions for the appellant previously, but on this occasion he discerned a difference between the signatures on the two prescription slips. Mr. Tucci told the appellant that he would have to verify the prescriptions with Dr. Giaimo. Mr. Tucci called Dr. Giaimo who said that he would notify the police and also come to the pharmacy himself. Dr. Giaimo testified that he was suspicious because several of his prescription slips had been stolen recently.

Soon thereafter, a Whitemarsh Township police officer arrived, conversed with Mr. Tucci, and compared the signa[375]*375tures on the prescription slips. Dr. Giaimo then arrived, and after examining the prescription slips, disclaimed writing the prescription for Doriden. He also identified the appellant and the two females as patients of his. At that point, the police officer placed the appellant under arrest. A search of the vehicle turned up sixteen (16) other prescription slips made out for either Francis Sanders or Patricia Parker Goronski [one of the females].

The appellant testified that on April 10, 1981, he visited Dr. Giaimo and received prescriptions for both Tylenol and Doriden. After cross-examination and redirect examination, the trial judge instigated the following exchange:

BY THE COURT:
Q. Where were you seated in the car when you went to Mr. Tucci’s pharmacy?
A. I was in the back seat.
Q. And what kind of a car was it?
A. I think it was an old beat-up — I don’t know. It wasn’t in too good a shape of a car. I guess it was a Plymouth, you know, ’60-something Plymouth, ’64, ’65 Plymouth.
Q. Was it a two-door or four-door car?
A. I can’t recall, Your Honor.
Q. Where was Patty seated?
A. She was seated on the right passenger side in the front.
Q. While you were in the car from the time you went to Main Street in the Plymouth, did you see any prescription blanks in that car?
A. No, I didn’t sir.
Q. You didn’t?
A. No. I didn’t.
Q. So you don’t know that there were any prescription blanks on the floor?
A. No. I don’t.
[376]*376Q. .You didn’t observe anything on the floor?
A. No. I didn’t observe anything on the floor. In the back seat, if there was anything, I didn’t take notice.
Q. You didn’t notice anything on the front seat either?
A. Like I said, I was sitting in the back. No, I didn’t.
Q. Now, when the officer came, were you inside the pharmacy or were you outside the pharmacy?
A. I was inside the pharmacy.
Q. When the officer approached you and said, come along with me, and he had the two prescriptions which you handed to the pharmacist — is that correct?
A. Yes, it is.
Q. —didn’t you question the doctor as to why these were being questioned since you had just gotten them a day or so before?
A. I didn’t have time to do anything. They threw me into a car and handcuffed my hands behind my back.
Q. Was the doctor there at the time?
A. No. He came about five minutes after the police came. He wasn’t there.
Q. Were you still at the scene when the doctor came?
A. Yes, I was.

(N.T. November 5, 1981, at 56-58). At this point, the appellant’s trial counsel requested a sidebar conference at which he moved for a mistrial on the ground that the trial judge’s question called for a response which alerted the jury to the appellant’s failure to protest his innocence at the time of his arrest. In response to the motion, the trial judge said:

THE COURT: Mistrial is denied. I am clearing up something in terms of absolute general palaver that he got on the stand and said to the jury. The jury is certainly entitled to know where he was seated in the car, what he had an opportunity to observe and whether or not he made a protest to the police or to the doctor who [377]*377arrived at the scene who purportedly gave him this prescription.

(N.T. November 15, 1981, at 58-59). Moreover, in the trial court’s Pa.R.A.P.1925 opinion, it is stated: “The court was merely attempting to impeach defendant’s credibility by pointing out an inconsistency between his statements and his actions at the time of arrest.” Lower Court Opinion at 7.

In Commonwealth v. Turner, 499 Pa.

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Related

Commonwealth v. Freeman
562 A.2d 375 (Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, 1989)
Commonwealth v. Robinson
550 A.2d 800 (Superior Court of Pennsylvania, 1988)
Commonwealth v. Eckman
41 Pa. D. & C.3d 638 (Chester County Court of Common Pleas, 1985)

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Bluebook (online)
471 A.2d 885, 324 Pa. Super. 372, 1984 Pa. Super. LEXIS 3931, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/commonwealth-v-sanders-pasuperct-1984.