Commonwealth v. Egan

469 A.2d 186, 322 Pa. Super. 71, 1983 Pa. Super. LEXIS 4277
CourtSupreme Court of Pennsylvania
DecidedNovember 18, 1983
Docket1591
StatusPublished
Cited by14 cases

This text of 469 A.2d 186 (Commonwealth v. Egan) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Pennsylvania primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Commonwealth v. Egan, 469 A.2d 186, 322 Pa. Super. 71, 1983 Pa. Super. LEXIS 4277 (Pa. 1983).

Opinions

[75]*75BROSKY, Judge:

This appeal is from judgment of sentence for robbery. Appellant árgues that he should be allowed to withdraw his guilty plea for three reasons: First, because his counsel informed him that he would receive a lesser sentence than the one he ultimately received. Second, because he was in a “poor mental condition” at the time the plea was made. Third, because he was coerced into making his guilty plea through the court’s refusal to grant a continuance to allow him to obtain new counsel. We find none of these arguments convincing and, accordingly, affirm.

I.

Appellant stated in his pro se petition, and argues on appeal, that he should be permitted to withdraw his guilty plea because his counsel (Mr. Rubin) informed him that he would receive a two to ten year sentence, but in fact he received two consecutive three to ten year sentences. Mr. Rubin refuted this allegation in his sworn testimony at the March 13, 1980 hearing.

... I was instructed by Mr. Egan to ask the assistant district attorney assigned to the case — that would be you — if you would recommend a two to ten year sentence on a plea to all three bank robberies.
At that point I approached you and I questioned you concerning the instruction given to me by Mr. Egan. You at that point refused to make such a recommendation. I advised Mr. Egan of your refusal.

However, even if appellant’s allegation was credited, it would avail him nothing. The statements of a defense counsel, without more, regarding the sentence that will be received establish no firm right. Nonconformity with such a statement could certainly result in the defendant’s chagrin; but it does not create grounds for the withdrawal of a guilty plea.

The fact that in the finding of the Court as to the degree of defendant’s guilt and the sentence imposed, the expectations or hopes of appellant and her counsel were not [76]*76realized is not the kind of “mistake of misapprehension” which in the interest of justice, justifies the withdrawal of a plea of guilty.

Commonwealth v. Kirkland, 413 Pa. 48 at 56, 195 A.2d 338 at 341-2 (1963). See also Commonwealth v. Brown, 242 Pa.Super. 240, 363 A.2d 1249 (1976); Commonwealth v. Sanutti, 454 Pa. 344, 312 A.2d 42 (1973).

II.

Appellant also argues that he was in “poor mental health” at the time he entered his guilty pleas and that this justifies the withdrawal of those pleas. It is true that appellant was found to be incompetent at the time of his arrest and that this resulted in an 11-month delay in his being brought to trial. Also, there was testimony that he was incompetent at the second hearing on his petition to withdraw his plea on July 3, 1980. However, the psychologist limited his testimony to appellant’s condition when examined several months after the entry of the plea. He specifically declined to venture any opinion on appellant’s mental condition at the time of the entry of the guilty pleas. It is also the case that appellant’s sentence included his initial placement at Philadelphia State Hospital.

None of this relates to appellant’s mental condition at the pertinent time — when he entered his guilty pleas. Prior to that time, he was adjudicated competent. There are no other facts of record regarding appellant’s mental condition at the relevant instant other than his statement that he was “under pressure.”

Being “under pressure” at the time one enters a guilty plea cannot in and of itself establish the mental state of incompetency.1 If this were the case, it would be impossible to ever have a valid guilty plea.

Our treatment of appellant’s “poor mental condition” has been in terms of incompetency, even though it was [77]*77presented by appellant in terms of his “poor mental condition” and not in terms of incompetency. This is becáuse such incompetency is the only basis for invalidating the guilty plea on his mental state. Considering the requisite mental condition to support a finding of incompetency, this is eminently reasonable.

Definition of Incompetency. — Whenever a person who has been charged with a crime is found to be substantially unable to understand the nature or object of the proceedings against him or to participate and assist in his defense, he shall be deemed incompetent to be tried, convicted or sentenced so long as such incapacity continues.

50 P.S. § 7402(a). See also Commonwealth v. Harper, 479 Pa. 42 at 45-6, 387 A.2d 824 at 826-7 (1978).

These are precisely the factors which would prohibit appellant from entering a valid guilty plea vis-a-vis his mental state. Thus, our focus must be on appellant’s competency or incompetency.

One of the requirements for a finding of incompetency is the placement of the burden of proof. “The moving party shall have the burden of establishing incompetency to proceed by clear and convincing evidence.” 50 P.S. § 7403(a). See also Commonwealth v. Knight, 276 Pa.Super. 348 at 354, 419 A.2d 492 at 495 (1980) (Spaeth, J.). “The decision as to a defendant’s competency to stand trial rests within the discretion of the trial judge.” Id., 276 Pa.Superior Ct. at 359, 419 A.2d at 497. Since it is appellant who is arguing, in effect, his incompetency, it is he who has the burden of proof on this issue. Appellant has not met this burden of proof.

Absent any proof of his incompetency — much less a satisfaction of his burden of proof in this regard — we cannot invalidate appellant’s guilty plea on the grounds of his incompetency.

[78]*78III.

Appellant’s last argument is that he should have been allowed to withdraw his guilty plea because his request for a continuance to obtain new counsel was denied. He contends that this put him in the position of either proceeding to trial with counsel in which he did not have confidence or pleading guilty. This created, he says, a form of coercion which rendered his guilty plea involuntary.

As presented in the abstract, this argument is a convincing one. As applied to the facts of this case, it is unconvincing.

Notwithstanding the fact that an indigent defendant does not have a right to counsel of his choice, Commonwealth v. Simpson, 222 Pa.Super. 296, 294 A.2d 805 (1972), it is certainly conceivable that a defendant could be placed in a situation in which a lack of confidence in his court-appointed counsel could result in an unwillingness to go to trial. This could, in turn, result in the entry of an involuntary guilty plea. The questions before us are what the parameters are in which we will recognize that this has occurred and whether they are present here.

A recent United States Supreme Court decision, Morris v. Slappy, 461 U.S. 1, 103 S.Ct. 1610, 75 L.Ed.2d 610 (1983), is most helpful in setting these boundaries. In the opinion of the Court, the Chief Justice wrote:

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Commonwealth v. Egan
469 A.2d 186 (Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, 1983)

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Bluebook (online)
469 A.2d 186, 322 Pa. Super. 71, 1983 Pa. Super. LEXIS 4277, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/commonwealth-v-egan-pa-1983.