Com. v. Snyder, J.

2024 Pa. Super. 97, 315 A.3d 178

• Court: Superior Court of Pennsylvania
• Decided: May 14, 2024
• Docket: 891 WDA 2023
• Status: Published

Opinion

J-S13009-24

2024 PA Super 97

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : JOHN ALEXANDER SNYDER : : Appellant : No. 891 WDA 2023

Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered June 6, 2023 In the Court of Common Pleas of Warren County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-62-CR-0000425-2019

BEFORE: KUNSELMAN, J., BECK, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

OPINION BY STEVENS, P.J.E.: FILED: May 14, 2024

Appellant, John Alexander Snyder, appeals from the May 3, 2023, order

entered in the Court of Common Pleas of Warren County dismissing

Appellant’s petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA), 42

Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-46. After review, we affirm.

The relevant facts and procedural history are as follows: Appellant was

convicted by a jury of Aggravated Assault, Strangulation, Simple Assault,

Terroristic Threats, and Hindering Apprehension and Prosecution.1 Appellant’s

aggregate sentence was for a minimum period of 129 months to a maximum

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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.

1 Aggravated Assault, (18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2702(a)(1), First Degree Felony); Strangulation (18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2718(a)(1), Second Degree Felony); Simple Assault (18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2701(a)(1), Second Degree Misdemeanor); Terroristic Threats (18 Pa. C.S.A. § 270b(a)(1), First Degree Misdemeanor); and Hindering Apprehension and Prosecution (18 Pa.C.S.A. § 5105(a)(1), First Degree Misdemeanor). J-S13009-24

period of 258 months. Appellant’s trial counsel, Alan Conn, Esq., represented

Appellant through sentencing and then was permitted to withdraw. See Tr.

Ct. Order, 9/19/21. The trial court appointed Bernard Hessley, Esq., to

represent Appellant with respect to any post sentence motion and appeal. No

post sentence motion was filed by Appellant through his new counsel, but a

timely notice of appeal and Rule 1925(b) statement were filed. This Court

affirmed the judgment of sentence on July 8, 2022. Commonwealth v.

Snyder, 2022 Pa. Super. Unpub. LEXIS 1556, 1267 WDA 2021 (July 8, 2022).

On November 29, 2022, the Defendant filed a Petition for Post-

Conviction Collateral Relief. The trial court appointed Joan M. Fairchild, Esq.,

as Appellant’s PCRA counsel. Tr. Ct. Order, 12/21/22. After several time

extensions, Attorney Fairchild filed a Motion for Leave to Withdraw Appearance

with Turner/Finley 2 Letter on April 12, 2023. The same day, the trial court

filed a Notice of Intent to Dismiss Pursuant to Pa.R.C.P. 907 and an order

granting PCRA counsel the right to withdraw. The trial court dismissed the

PCRA petition and filed a supplemental opinion. Tr. Ct. Op. 5/3/23.3

Appellant filed pro se motions for an extension of time to file an appeal

and for new counsel to be appointed. The trial court denied Appellant’s request

for an extension of time stating that it does not have the authority to do so. ____________________________________________

2 Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988), and Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988).

3 This Opinion was incorrectly identified as an Opinion pursuant to Pa.R.A.P.

1925(a) but rather was intended to supplement the opinion in support of the dismissal of the PCRA petition.

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Tr. Ct. Order, 5/30/23 (citing Commonwealth v. Stansbury, 219 A.3d 157,

160 (Pa. Super. 2019)). The trial court also denied Appellant’s motion for the

appointment of new counsel stating that where a Turner/Finley letter has

been accepted by the court and counsel has been permitted to withdraw, the

court shall not appoint new counsel. Tr. Ct. Order, 5/31/23 (citing

Commonwealth v. Maple, 559 A.2d 953, 956 (Pa. Super 1989)).

On June 14, 2023, Appellant filed a pro se “Request for Time

Enlargement of 30 Days” with this Court. By order filed on June 30, 2023, this

Court denied Appellant’s request but added, “Nothing herein prevents

Petitioner from seeking permission in the court of common pleas to appeal

nunc pro tunc from the May 3, 2023 order dismissing his PCRA petition.”

On July 3, 2023, Appellant filed a second PCRA petition along with other

various pro se filings. The trial court construed the filings to be a request

seeking permission to appeal the court's May 3, 2023, order dismissing the

first PCRA petition nunc pro tunc. The court granted Appellant permission to

file the appeal within thirty days. On August 2, 2023, Appellant filed a timely

pro se notice of appeal from the trial court's May 3, 2023, order dismissing

the first PCRA petition.

On August 3, 2023, the trial court ordered Appellant to file a Rule

1925(b) concise statement within twenty-one days. The trial court’s order

complied with the requirements of Rule 1925(b)(3). On August 14, 2023,

Appellant requested an extension of time to complete his concise statement.

Specifically, Appellant stated,

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A 1925B must be in full detail and due to the lack of the Twenty- one (21) Days, it will not allow me to properly produce the matter in its full Request as stated by the Received order.

Pro Se Motion for Enlargement of Time, 8/14/23.

On August 15, 2023, the trial court granted Appellant’s motion, thereby

giving Appellant until September 25, 2023—more than thirty days’ additional

time—to prepare his concise statement. Inexplicably, although Appellant was

properly ordered to file a 1925(b) concise statement, requested an extension

of time to file the statement, and then was granted an extension of time, he

did not do so.

Despite Appellant failing to file a Rule 1925(b) concise statement, the

trial court filed a Rule 1925(a) opinion on September 28, 2023, stating that

any issue Appellant intends to raise on appeal should be waived. Tr. Ct. Op.

at 5. This appeal followed. Appellant filed his pro se brief with the Superior

Court on February 6, 2024, raising three issues:

Did PCRA counsel render ineffective assistance when she failed to amend Appellant's PCRA and thoroughly review Appellant's case file and identify any claims of merit including but not limited to; (B) Ineffectiveness of trial and direct appeal counsel for failing to protect Appellant's appellate rights/interests by failing to challenge the sufficiency and weight of the evidence before the trial court.

Presents newly discovered exculpatory evidence revealing that Brady/Giglio material was withheld from the defense in violation of Pa. R. Crim. P. 573 regarding a deal between the prosecution and their witness Michael Whipple; (B) Newly discovered exculpatory evidence revealing a conflict of interest existed between Appellant and direct appeal counsel Bernard Hessley as well as District Attorney Robert C. Green.

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Did the PCRA court commit error and/or abuse its discretion in dismissing appellant's first PCRA without hearing relying solely upon PCRA counsel's Turner/Finley letter; and for denying appellant's motion for appointment of new PCRA counsel again relying upon counsel's Turner/Finley letter.

Appellant’s Br. at 2.

This Court has emphasized that Rule 1925(b) “is a crucial component of

the appellate process because it allows the trial court to identify and focus on

those issues the parties plan to raise on appeal.” Commonwealth v.

Bonnett, 239 A.3d 1096, 1106 (Pa. Super. 2020); see also Pa.R.A.P. 302(a)

(issues cannot be raised for the first time on appeal). “[A]ny issue not raised

in a Rule 1925(b) statement will be deemed waived for appellate review.”

Bonnett, 239 A.3d at 1106 (citing Commonwealth v. Lord, 719 A.2d 306,

309 (Pa. 1998)); see also Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(vii) (“Issues not included in

the Statement ... are waived.”). Although Appellant is proceeding pro se,

under Pennsylvania law, pro se defendants are subject to the same rules of

procedure as are represented defendants. See Commonwealth v. Williams,

896 A.2d 523, 534 (Pa. 2006).

Appellant asserts that he raised his issues at the earliest opportunity to

do so, which is all that is required in this circumstance pursuant to

Commonwealth v. Bradley, 261 A.3d 381 (Pa. 2021), and its progeny.

Appellant’s Br. at 10; Appellant’s Reply Brief at 2-3. Appellant is correct that

Bradley governs this case, however, Appellant failed to comply with the

requirements of Bradley.

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In that case, our Supreme Court dealt with a situation where PCRA

counsel is alleged to be ineffective. In certain circumstances, if the analysis of

PCRA counsel's effectiveness is left in the hands of the allegedly ineffective

PCRA attorney, counsel must evaluate his own ineffectiveness, threatening his

livelihood and professional reputation. Bradley, 261 A.3d at 398. Requiring

counsel to do so creates an inherent conflict of interest, and the Court has

acknowledged that “counsel cannot argue his or her own ineffectiveness.” Id.

(citing Commonwealth v. Spotz, 18 A.3d 244, 329 n.52 (Pa. 2011)).

However, forcing the petitioner to raise these claims in a second or subsequent

PCRA petition in light of the one-year jurisdictional time limitation meant that,

as a practical matter, most petitioners would be prevented from presenting a

claim of PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness. Id. at 391. Thus, the Court held:

Specifically, we find that a review paradigm allowing a petitioner to raise claims of PCRA counsel's ineffectiveness at the first opportunity when represented by new counsel, even if on appeal, while not an ideal solution, accommodates these vital interests. Fully cognizant of the difficulties discussed above associated with requiring PCRA counsel himself, or a pro se petitioner, to raise claims of PCRA counsel's ineffectiveness, we hold that a PCRA petitioner may, after a PCRA court denies relief, and after obtaining new counsel or acting pro se, raise claims of PCRA counsel's ineffectiveness at the first opportunity to do so, even if on appeal.

Bradley, 261 A.3d at 401 (emphasis added).

A similar situation arose in Commonwealth v. Parrish, 273 A.3d 989

(Pa. 2022). There, an appellant who raised claims of his PCRA counsel’s

ineffectiveness did so for the first time in a corrected 1925(b) statement. Id.

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at 1002. The Commonwealth argued that the appellant improperly raised the

claim in his 1925(b) statement and thus the issues were not preserved. The

Court held:

Parrish adequately raised and preserved his layered claim of the ineffective assistance of trial and initial PCRA counsel by raising it at the first opportunity to do so, specifically in his Corrected 1925(b) Statement and in his brief filed with this Court in this appeal.

Id.

In the instant case, the PCRA court denied Appellant’s petition and his

PCRA counsel was permitted to withdraw. Appellant, proceeding pro se, now

sets forth claims of his PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness. Pursuant to Bradley,

those claims must have been raised at the first opportunity to do so. Appellant

was ordered to file a Rule 1925(b) statement, which would have been his first

opportunity to raise his claims of PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness, but he

instead raised them for the for the first time on appeal. Thus, he failed to

properly preserve his issues on appeal.

In Appellant’s reply brief, he cites as analogous this Court’s recent

decision in Commonwealth v. Lawrence, 309 A.3d 152 (Pa. Super. 2024),

where we granted relief vacating the PCRA court’s order and remanded for

further proceedings. In that case, after the appellant’s PCRA petition was

dismissed, the appellant filed a notice of appeal, and his appointed counsel

filed a 1925(b) statement. Id. at 154. The appellant hired new counsel who

filed a supplemental 1925(b) statement which challenged previous PCRA

counsel’s effectiveness. The Commonwealth argued that the appellant failed

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to develop those issues in his brief. Id. at 155. We agreed that the claims

were not developed, but remanded because:

Nonetheless, since we find the requisite allegations in the certified record, we shall not punish Appellant for counsel's failure to appreciate the nuances of this developing area of the law. Specifically, in the supplemental Rule 1925(b) statement, present counsel detailed the underlying claims sufficiently to convince us that they have arguable merit, the potential for prejudice, and present material issues of fact that the PCRA court will be required to resolve in order to rule upon whether they entitle Appellant to relief.

Id. at 156.

Lawrence is inapplicable to the instant matter because the issue there

was not that the appellant failed to raise his claims at the earliest opportunity

to do so, but that he did not fully develop those claims. More importantly, the

appellant in that case preserved his claims by filing a 1925(b) statement,

which Appellant here did not. Accordingly, all of Appellant’s claims on appeal

have been waived by his failure to file a 1925(b) statement.

Order affirmed.

DATE: 05/14/2024

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