Com. v. Lawrence, J.

2024 Pa. Super. 10, 309 A.3d 152

• Court: Superior Court of Pennsylvania
• Decided: January 22, 2024
• Docket: 987 WDA 2022
• Status: Published

Opinion

J-A29012-23

2024 PA Super 10

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : JAMES LAWRENCE : : Appellant : No. 987 WDA 2022

Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered July 26, 2022 In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-02-CR-0012037-2013

BEFORE: BOWES, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and MURRAY, J.

OPINION BY BOWES, J.: FILED: January 22, 2024

James Lawrence appeals from the order that dismissed his petition filed

pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”) for lack of merit. We

vacate the order and remand for further proceedings.

This case has an extensive history predating these PCRA proceedings

that need not be recounted in full herein. In short, Appellant was convicted

of third-degree murder and carrying a firearm without a license and was

sentenced to an aggregate term of seventeen to thirty-four years of

imprisonment. His direct appeal, in which he challenged the weight of the

evidence, merited no relief. See Commonwealth v. Lawrence, 158 A.3d

183 (Pa.Super. 2016) (unpublished memorandum), appeal denied, 166 A.3d

1212 (Pa. 2017). J-A29012-23

Appellant filed a timely PCRA petition and the PCRA court appointed

counsel. Subsequently, Appellant retained private counsel, who filed an

amended petition. Therein, Appellant raised claims that trial counsel was

ineffective in failing to (1) object to the expert testimony of Detective James

McGee, (2) impeach witness Lateesha Jones with a crimen falsi conviction and

her prior inconsistent statements, and (3) request an instruction pursuant to

Commonwealth v. Kloiber, 106 A.2d 820 (Pa. 1954), concerning two

witnesses’ identification of Appellant. He also alleged that the prosecution

violated Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963), by withholding evidence of

Ms. Jones’s prior conviction and by not disclosing favorable plea offers

extended to Appellant’s co-defendants.

The PCRA court issued notice of its intent to dismiss Appellant’s petition

without a hearing, but elected to schedule a hearing after receiving Appellant’s

response.1 The hearing, delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, was

ultimately conducted on February 14, 2022. At the conclusion of the

proceeding, the PCRA court granted counsel leave to file a brief concerning

the issues raised. After counsel failed to do so, the PCRA court dismissed

Appellant’s petition by order of July 26, 2022. Appellant timely filed a pro se

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1 The trial judge, the Honorable Edward J. Borkowski, recused himself after

appointing PCRA counsel and the case was reassigned to the Honorable Jill Rangos for the subsequent PCRA proceedings.

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notice of appeal, hired counsel was permitted to withdraw, and another

attorney was appointed to represent Appellant on appeal.

Appellant’s new counsel filed a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement that

included the issues outlined above. He also filed a motion for the PCRA court

to determine whether Appellant forfeited his right to counsel by failing to

cooperate. This Court entered an order directing the PCRA court to entertain

counsel’s motion or, in the alternative, to consider whether Appellant wished

to proceed pro se upon conducting a hearing pursuant to Commonwealth v.

Grazier, 713 A.2d 81 (Pa. 1998). Before the PCRA court was able to comply,

Appellant obviated this Court’s order by hiring present PCRA counsel to

represent him. Present counsel requested and received an extension of time

to file a supplemental Rule 1925(b) statement.

In the supplemental statement, Appellant challenged the effectiveness

of prior PCRA counsel by identifying claims that they allegedly failed to raise

or properly litigate. See Commonwealth v. Bradley, 261 A.3d 381, 401

(Pa. 2021) (“[A] PCRA petitioner may, after a PCRA court denies relief, and

after obtaining new counsel or acting pro se, raise claims of PCRA counsel’s

ineffectiveness at the first opportunity to do so, even if on appeal.”). Those

issues involved trial counsel’s failure to investigate and litigate an alibi defense

or to object to the trial court’s identification jury instruction, as well as prior

PCRA counsel’s posturing of the claim concerning Ms. Jones’s impeachment.

Since the PCRA court had not yet considered the substance of Appellant’s

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Bradley claims, it requested in its Rule 1925(a) opinion that this Court

remand the case for development of the record on those issues. The court

did not offer a discussion of the issues that were litigated at the PCRA hearing.

See PCRA Court Opinion, 1/4/23, at 3-4.

This Court issued a briefing schedule with which Appellant failed to

comply. We again entered a per curiam order remanding the matter to the

PCRA court, this time for a determination as to whether present counsel had

abandoned Appellant. The PCRA court entered an order finding that counsel

had not. Appellant next filed in this Court an application for remand, indicating

that present counsel had mistakenly assumed that the case would be

remanded as requested in the PCRA court’s opinion without further filings, and

requesting that the remand be ordered. This Court denied the application

without prejudice to raise the issue in Appellant’s brief.

In that brief, Appellant states the following issue for our review:

Should this Court honor the [PCRA] court’s request and remand this matter to permit the PCRA court to evaluate and rule on claims of [Attorney Pass’s] ineffectiveness for failing to raise claims of trial counsel ineffectiveness that were timely and properly raised pursuant to [Bradley, supra], as well as other claims for relief not addressed in its Rule 1925 opinion?

Appellant’s brief at 2 (unnecessary capitalization omitted).

At the outset, we clarify that Bradley did not guarantee a PCRA

petitioner substantive review of claims of PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness, nor

did it create an absolute right to remand for development of those claims. As

our Supreme Court has reiterated:

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In some instances, the record before the appellate court will be sufficient to allow for disposition of any newly-raised ineffectiveness claims. However, in other cases, the appellate court may need to remand to the PCRA court for further development of the record and for the PCRA court to consider such claims as an initial matter. Consistent with our prior case law, to advance a request for remand, a petition would be required to provide more than mere boilerplate assertions of PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness; however, where there are material facts at issue concerning claims challenging counsel’s stewardship and relief is not plainly unavailable as a matter of law, the remand should be afforded.

Commonwealth v. Parrish, 273 A.3d 989, 1002 (Pa. 2022) (quoting

Bradley, supra at 402 (cleaned up, emphasis added)).

In advocating for remand in the instant case, Appellant points to the

PCRA court’s concurrence that the matter should be remanded, and bemoans

that the supplemental concise statement, which was Appellant’s first

opportunity to raise his Bradley allegations, was not an appropriate vehicle

to develop such claims. See Appellant’s brief at 8. Appellant further asserts

that the development cannot be done in the appellate brief because “doing so

would necessarily require reference to matters outside of the certified record.”

Id. Appellant further notes that, since the PCRA court did not address the

claims that were litigated below in its Rule 1925(a) opinion, remand would be

necessary in any event for this Court to conduct an appropriate review. Id.

We begin by noting that, to establish a prima facie claim of ineffective

assistance of counsel, a petitioner must plead and offer to prove each of the

following:

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(1) that the underlying claim is of arguable merit; (2) that counsel’s course of conduct was without a reasonable basis designed to effectuate his client’s interest; and (3) that he was prejudiced by counsel’s ineffectiveness, i.e. there is a reasonable probability that but for the act or omission in question the outcome of the proceeding would have been different.

Commonwealth v. Grayson, 212 A.3d 1047, 1054 (Pa.Super. 2019)

(cleaned up). “The failure to satisfy any prong of the test for ineffectiveness

will cause the claim to fail.” Commonwealth v. Davis, 262 A.3d 589, 595–

96 (Pa.Super. 2021).

Accordingly, to demonstrate the propriety of a remand here, present

counsel should have, either in the petition for remand or in Appellant’s brief,

explained to this Court how further development of the factual record would

satisfy all three prongs of this test as to each of prior PCRA counsel’s alleged

failings. However, as the Commonwealth properly observes, Appellant’s brief

“contains no argument in support of the claims raised in the supplemental

concise statement.” Commonwealth’s brief at 27. Based upon the case law

above, simply noting in Appellant’s brief that he has complaints and that the

PCRA court requests a remand is inadequate to warrant a remand. See

Parrish, supra at 1006 (“To be entitled to a remand, Parrish must provide

more than mere boilerplate assertions of PCRA counsel's ineffectiveness. That

is, he must establish that there are issues of material facts concerning claims

challenging counsel’s stewardship and that relief may be available.”). Instead,

counsel should have presented the claims to this Court as if they were being

pled in the PCRA petition itself.

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Nonetheless, since we find the requisite allegations in the certified

record, we shall not punish Appellant for counsel’s failure to appreciate the

nuances of this developing area of the law. Specifically, in the supplemental

Rule 1925(b) statement, present counsel detailed the underlying claims

sufficiently to convince us that they have arguable merit, the potential for

prejudice, and present material issues of fact that the PCRA court will be

required to resolve in order to rule upon whether they entitle Appellant to

relief. See Supplemental Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement, 12/12/22, at 4-7.

The Commonwealth concedes “that there may be a basis for this Court

to remand this case for further proceedings.” Commonwealth’s brief at 31.

However, it maintains that some of the underlying issues, particularly those

involving Ms. Jones’s impeachment and the prosecution’s disclosure of the

plea offers extended to Appellant’s co-defendants, are capable of review based

upon the existing record.2 See Commonwealth’s brief at 28-29.

2 In this vein, we observe that our High Court has recently granted allowance

of appeal to decide:

Whether a court on appeal should rule on the merits of an existing appeal of a PCRA court order before remanding a case where a PCRA petitioner raised new/additional layered claims of PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness pursuant to [Bradley, supra,] for the first time before the appellate court, where there were issues of merit that could have been disposed of prior to remand for new issues.

Commonwealth v. Greer, 303 A.3d 1053, 1054 (Pa. 2023) (cleaned up).

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Here, though, because the PCRA court did not explain its fact finding or

basis for dismissing the claims that were litigated before it, we find ourselves

unable to conduct proper appellate review. See, e.g., Commonwealth v.

Hand, 252 A.3d 1159, 1165 (Pa.Super. 2021) (explaining that, “[w]ith the

exception of the PCRA court’s legal conclusions, our standard of review is

deferential,” and that the PCRA court’s credibility determinations are binding

upon us).

Therefore, we conclude that the best course of action is to vacate the

July 26, 2022 order denying Appellant’s PCRA petition and remand for the

PCRA court to consider in the first instance the claims present counsel has

raised pursuant to Bradley. We leave to the PCRA court’s discretion the

extent and manner of the additional evidence to be developed concerning the

new claims. Thereafter, the PCRA court shall enter a new final order disposing

of all claims Appellant has raised in connection with the instant PCRA petition,3

after which any aggrieved party may seek appellate review.

Order vacated. Case remanded for further proceedings. Jurisdiction

relinquished.

Judge Kunselman joins this Opinion.

3 See Commonwealth v. Bradley, 261 A.3d 381, 404 (Pa. 2021) (“[W]e deem the consideration on collateral appeal of claims of PCRA counsel ineffectiveness to spring from the original petition itself, and that doing so does not amount to impermissibly allowing a ‘second or subsequent’ serial petition[.]”).

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Judge Murray concurs in the result.

DATE: 01/22/2024

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