Clemens Trust v. Levengood

2014 Ohio 2922

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: June 30, 2014
• Docket: 13CA33
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as Clemens Trust v. Levengood, 2014-Ohio-2922.]

COURT OF APPEALS KNOX COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

THE VINCENT CLEMENS TRUST, : JUDGES: C/O MARY J. LAYMON AND : Hon. William B. Hoffman, P.J. JOANNE MCMAHON, CO-TRUSTEES : Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J. : Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J. Plaintiff-Appellant : : -vs- : : JOSEPH B. LEVENGOOD, ET AL. : Case No. 13CA33 : Defendants-Appellees : OPINION

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 11FR05-0278

JUDGMENT: Affirmed/Reversed in Part & Remanded

DATE OF JUDGMENT: June 30, 2014

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellant For Appellee Commodity Blenders, Inc.

WILLIAM DOUGLAS LOWE DAVID L. WIGHAM EMILY L. MCKINNEY DURIYA DHINOJWALA P.O. Box 919 TRICIA L. PYCRAFT 36 North 2nd Street CLINTON BAILEY Newark, OH 43058-0919 225 North Market Street Wooster, OH 44691-0599 For the Levengoods

RICHARD D. PALMER 601 South High Street 2nd Floor Columbus, OH 43215 Knox County, Case No. 13CA33 2

Farmer, J.

{¶1} Appellant, The Vincent Clemens Trust, was established on April 24, 1992.

Appellant owned a one-half interest in a farm in Mt. Vernon, Ohio.

{¶2} On December 8, 1998, Joseph and Lisa Levengood filed a Chapter 13

bankruptcy petition. In an order confirming plan filed May 12, 1999, the bankruptcy

court ordered that the Levengoods could not acquire additional debt over $500.00

without notice to the trustee and could not transfer any interest in real property without

court approval.

{¶3} On November 12, 1999, the Levengoods purchased the one-half interest

in the farm from appellant, Joseph's grandfather's trust. The Levengoods signed a note

with appellant and secured it with a mortgage ($145,000.00). The Levengoods did not

notice the bankruptcy trustee and did not have bankruptcy court approval. The

Levengoods received a bankruptcy discharge on March 29, 2004, without ever

disclosing the real estate purchase.

{¶4} On August 3, 2007, the Levengoods executed and delivered a note

secured by a mortgage ($382,000.00) to Thomas McAbee who in turn assigned the

note and mortgage to appellant in May 2009.

{¶5} On September 17, 2009, the Levengoods filed a Chapter 7 bankruptcy

petition. The Levengoods listed the aforementioned property, and listed three

mortgages: the first and second mortgages to appellant, and a third mortgage to

Joseph's parents, John and Joyce Levengood. This bankruptcy was closed in July

2012. Knox County, Case No. 13CA33 3

{¶6} On May 23, 2011, appellant filed a complaint in foreclosure against the

Levengoods and others, including three judgment lienholders, pertinent to this appeal,

appellee, Commodity Blenders, Inc. Appellee had secured a judgment lien against the

property on December 19, 2008. Appellee filed counterclaims and cross-claims,

challenging the various mortgages and liens.

{¶7} On December 23, 2011, appellant filed a motion for summary judgment,

marshalling of liens, and sale of real estate. By judgment entry filed April 2, 2012, the

trial court denied the motion.

{¶8} On July 12, 2012, appellee filed a motion for summary judgment against

the Levengoods. By order filed October 12, 2012, the trial court granted the motion and

found any mortgages from the Levengoods to the parents were null and void.

{¶9} A hearing to determine the validity and priority of the various liens and

mortgages was held on April 19, 2013. By judgment decree filed May 17, 2013, the trial

court found the Levengoods were in default of the first note (1999), and the mortgage

therewith was the first and best lien on the property after any lien of the Knox County

Treasurer. The trial court ordered the first mortgage foreclosed.

{¶10} On May 14 2013, appellee had filed a renewed motion for summary

judgment against appellant, challenging the validity of the first mortgage. On July 1,

2013, appellant also filed a renewed motion for summary judgment, marshalling of liens,

and sale of real estate. By judgment entry decree of foreclosure filed November 8,

2013, the trial court granted appellee's motion, finding appellee had a valid first lien on

the property, the 1999 mortgage from the Levengoods to appellant was null and void,

the 2009 mortgage from Mr. McAbee to appellant was subordinate to appellee's Knox County, Case No. 13CA33 4

judgment lien, and ordering the property foreclosed. An order granting appellee's

motion for summary judgment and denying appellant's motion for summary judgment

was filed on December 5, 2013.

{¶11} Appellant filed an appeal and this matter is now before this court for

consideration. Assignments of error are as follows:

I

{¶12} "A COURT ERRS IN ENTERING SUMMARY JUDGMENT HOLDING A

MORTGAGE LIEN TO BE INVALID WHEN IT HAS PREVIOUSLY ISSUED A FINAL

APPEALABLE ORDER THAT SAID MORTGAGE IS THE FIRST AND BEST LIEN ON

THE PROPERTY AND NO APPEAL WAS TAKEN FROM THAT ORDER."

II

{¶13} "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN HOLDING THAT THE VINCENT

CLEMEN TRUST'S PURCASE (SIC) MONEY MORTGAGE IS INVALID."

III

{¶14} "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN HOLDING THAT CBI'S JUDGMENT

LIEN HAD PRIORITY OVER THE MCABEE MORTGAGE."

IV

{¶15} "THE COURT ERRED IN NOT GRANTING VCT'S MOTION FOR

SUMMARY JUDGMENT."

{¶16} Appellant claims the trial court erred in holding the first mortgage null and

void when it had previously issued "a final appealable order" that said mortgage was the

first and best lien on the property and no appeal was taken. We disagree. Knox County, Case No. 13CA33 5

{¶17} In its judgment decree filed May 17, 2013, the trial court determined the

following in pertinent part:

IT IS FURTHER ADJUDGED AND DECREED that the Court

makes no finding as to the priority of the liens of the remaining lien holders

other than to find that they are junior in priority to the first lien of Plaintiff

and to transfer the liens to the excess proceeds of sale after payment of

the lien of the Knox county Treasurer, costs and the first mortgage lien of

Plaintiff.

IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED that

the first Mortgage Deed of Plaintiff is a valid and subsisting lien upon the

premises described in the complaint after the lien of the Knox County

Treasurer for real estate taxes; that the first Mortgage be foreclosed;***.

{¶18} At the time of the April 19, 2013 hearing to determine the validity and

priority of the various liens and mortgages, there were no pending motions for summary

judgment. The summary judgment history of this case prior to the hearing consisted of

a December 23, 2011 motion filed by appellant which was denied on April 2, 2012, and

a July 12, 2012 motion filed by appellee against the Levengoods which was granted on

October 12, 2012, finding any mortgages from the Levengoods to the parents were null

and void. None of the determined void mortgages was the subject of the May 17, 2013

judgment decree which centered on the 1999 note and mortgage from the Levengoods Knox County, Case No. 13CA33 6

to appellant. Somehow, the October 12, 2012 order was re-filed on March 8, 2013 with

no additions to the October 12, 2012 order finding in favor of appellee.

{¶19} After the April 19, 2013 hearing, but before journalization of the decision

on May 17, 2013, appellee filed a renewed motion for summary judgment on May 14,

2013. The renewed motion challenged the validity of the first mortgage and requested a

ruling on appellee's counterclaims against appellant. The counterclaims requested that

any claims or liens should be subordinate to appellee's lien of December 19, 2008.

Also, appellant filed a renewed motion for summary judgment and marshalling of liens

on July 1, 2013. It appears appellee's renewed motion was timely.

{¶20} The gravamen of this assignment is whether the May 17, 2013 judgment

decree was a final appealable order. To be final and appealable, an order must comply

with R.C. 2505.02. Subsection (B) provides the following in pertinent part:

(B) An order is a final order that may be reviewed, affirmed,

modified, or reversed, with or without retrial, when it is one of the

following:

(1) An order that affects a substantial right in an action that in effect

determines the action and prevents a judgment;

(2) An order that affects a substantial right made in a special

proceeding or upon a summary application in an action after judgment.

(3) An order that vacates or sets aside a judgment or grants a new

trial; Knox County, Case No. 13CA33 7

(4) An order that grants or denies a provisional remedy and to

which both of the following apply:

(a) The order in effect determines the action with respect to the

provisional remedy and prevents a judgment in the action in favor of the

appealing party with respect to the provisional remedy.

(b) The appealing party would not be afforded a meaningful or

effective remedy by an appeal following final judgment as to all

proceedings, issues, claims, and parties in the action.

{¶21} At the time of the filing of appellee's May 14, 2013 renewed motion for

summary judgment, the trial court had jurisdiction to consider the issues set forth in

appellee's counterclaims. In fact, the trial court's continued involvement relative to

appellee's counterclaims is buttressed by the fact that the renewed motion was filed on

a Friday at 3:52 p.m. and the judgment decree was filed on Monday, May 17, 2013 at

10:32 a.m. Further, the trial court scheduled a non-oral hearing on the renewed motion,

and granted an extension to appellant to file a response and to appellee to file a reply.

{¶22} We find the trial court did not err in retaining jurisdiction given the renewed

motion and the remaining unresolved issues between the parties on the counterclaims.

{¶23} Assignment of Error I is denied.

II, III, IV

{¶24} Appellant claims the trial court erred in denying its motion for summary

judgment and in finding that appellant's 1999 purchase money mortgage was invalid Knox County, Case No. 13CA33 8

and appellee's lien had priority over the McAbee mortgage. We agree as to the

McAbee mortgage only.

{¶25} Summary Judgment motions are to be resolved in light of the dictates of

Civ.R. 56. Said rule was reaffirmed by the Supreme Court of Ohio in State ex rel.

Zimmerman v. Tompkins, 75 Ohio St.3d 447, 448, 1996-Ohio-211:

Civ.R. 56(C) provides that before summary judgment may be

granted, it must be determined that (1) no genuine issue as to any

material fact remains to be litigated, (2) the moving party is entitled to

judgment as a matter of law, and (3) it appears from the evidence that

reasonable minds can come to but one conclusion, and viewing such

evidence most strongly in favor of the nonmoving party, that conclusion is

adverse to the party against whom the motion for summary judgment is

made. State ex. rel. Parsons v. Fleming (1994), 68 Ohio St.3d 509, 511,

628 N.E.2d 1377, 1379, citing Temple v. Wean United, Inc. (1977), 50

Ohio St.2d 317, 327, 4 O.O3d 466, 472, 364 N.E.2d 267, 274.

{¶26} In its December 5, 2013 order granting appellee's motion for summary

judgment and denying appellant's motion for summary judgment, the trial court

determined the following: Knox County, Case No. 13CA33 9

ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED as follows:

1. Based on the facts and circumstances of this particular case and

its procedural history listed in the dispositive motions filed by the parties to

this lawsuit, the Court concludes that the inequitable conduct of Defendant

Joseph B. Levengood and the Plaintiff resulted in direct harm to CBI's lien

on the Property because it is less likely to recover any amount on its

secured claim of $88,683.67 due to various mortgages recorded by

Defendant Joseph B. Levengood's relatives and/or insiders.

2. Therefore, the mortgage of record granted by Defendant Joseph

B. Levengood to Plaintiff on an undivided one-half interest in the Property

that is the subject of this foreclosure action, in the amount of

approximately $90,000, recorded on or about November 19, 1999, during

the Debtors' Chapter 13 bankruptcy case and without the knowledge of

the bankruptcy court, and more specifically described in the Real Estate

Mortgage recorded in the Official Records of Knox County at Book 604,

Pages 040-042 ("Mortgage"), is null and void and is therefore released

and discharged of record effective immediately.

4. Further, CBI's judgment lien dated December 19, 2008, and

recorded in the Official Records of Knox County at Book 66, Page 126

("Lien") is granted first priority over the Plaintiff's second mortgage.

Accordingly, Plaintiff's second mortgage originally recorded on or about

August 9, 2007 in the Official Records of Knox County at Book 1092,

Pages 953-955, obtained via an assignment of interest on or about May 7, Knox County, Case No. 13CA33 10

2009 in the Official Records of Knox County at Book 1172, Page 698 from

Thomas O. McAbee to the Plaintiff is subordinated to CBI's Judgment Lien

referenced herein.

{¶27} The Levengoods filed a Chapter 13 bankruptcy petition on December 8,

1998. Pursuant to an order confirming plan filed May 12, 1999, the bankruptcy court

ordered that the Levengoods could not acquire additional debt over $500.00 without

notice to the trustee and could not transfer any interest in real property without court

approval. Appellant argues the automatic stay provisions of 11 U.S.C. 362 do not apply

to the foreclosure action sub judice, and only the bankruptcy trustee had the right to

invalidate the first mortgage executed on November 12, 1999.

{¶28} In the Levengoods' admissions, they admitted that they acquired the one-

half undivided interest in the property from appellant on November 12, 1999, and

admitted the bankruptcy court had ordered them not to transfer any real interest in

property without court approval back on May 12, 1999. See, Admissions 11 and 12 and

Order Confirming Plan from the United States Bankruptcy Court, attached to Appellee's

May 14, 2013 Renewed Motion for Summary Judgment as Exhibits F and H. The first

mortgage dated November 12, 1999 was within the prohibited time.

{¶29} Appellant argues despite these salient facts, the trustee had a two year

time period to void the 1999 transaction under 11 U.S.C. 549 and the trustee did not.

We note on February 22, 2010, in the Levengoods' Chapter 7 bankruptcy case,

appellee had filed an "Adversary Proceeding" to determine the validity, priority, and

extent of the liens. The complaint was dismissed without prejudice in order to pursue Knox County, Case No. 13CA33 11

the claims in the matter sub judice. See, July 12, 2012 Stipulation of Dismissal,

attached to Appellee's May 14, 2013 Renewed Motion for Summary Judgment as

Exhibit D. While the Chapter 7 proceeding included various liens, the Levengoods had

failed to list appellee's lien or proof of claim as a secured creditor.

{¶30} Of concern regarding the trial court's December 5, 2013 order is the trial

court's lack of factual findings relative to its determination of "inequitable conduct" of the

Levengoods and appellant as cited above. The trial court merely found the

liens/mortgages were made to "relatives and/or insiders."

{¶31} Appellee argued in its renewed summary judgment motion that the liens

obtained against the property were ' "subject to nullification on ground that property was

in custody of bankruptcy court and beyond power of process of another court to impose

a lien." ' Securities, Inc. v. Louisville & N. R. Co., 94 Ohio App. 323, 327 (1st

Dist.1953), quoting 6 American Jurisprudence, 1164, Section 1027.

{¶32} Although no action was taken by the trustee in the Chapter 13 bankruptcy

proceeding, the prohibited act disobeying the order confirming plan was subject to

nullification.

{¶33} The gravamen of this assignment is whether there are undisputed facts

supporting nullification. Admittedly, appellant is Joseph Levengood's grandfather's

trust, and Joseph's aunt is a co-trustee of the trust. Appellant procured the first

mortgage during the pendency of the Levengoods' Chapter 13 bankruptcy proceeding.

The Levengoods executed the mortgage in contravention of the bankruptcy court's

explicit order to not acquire additional debt over $500.00 without notice to the trustee

and to not transfer any interest in real property without court approval. The Chapter 13 Knox County, Case No. 13CA33 12

proceeding closed on March 29, 2004 without ever disclosing the real estate purchase.

See, Appellee's July 1, 2013 Response to Appellant's Renewed Motion for Summary

Judgment at page 4.

{¶34} Based upon the undisputed facts, we concur with the trial court's finding

that the 1999 mortgage to appellant is null and void and therefore appellee's lien has

priority over said mortgage. However, we do not agree that appellee's lien has priority

over the McAbee mortgage. The Levengoods executed a note and mortgage to Mr.

McAbee on August 3, 2007 who in turn assigned it to appellant in May 2009. This time

period was after the Chapter 13 proceeding which closed on March 29, 2004 and before

the Chapter 7 proceeding filed on September 17, 2009. We find no "inequitable

conduct" regarding this transaction. None of the presumptions arise against this

mortgage vis-á-vis the 1999 mortgage.

{¶35} Appellant's motion for summary judgment argued the dates and the

priority of the liens. We find the trial court's conclusions as to the 1999 mortgage

sufficiently rebut appellant's motion for summary judgment.

{¶36} Assignments of Error II and IV are denied. Assignment of Error III is

granted. Knox County, Case No. 13CA33 13

{¶37} The judgment of the Court of Common Pleas of Knox County, Ohio is

hereby affirmed in part and reversed in part.

By Farmer, J.

Hoffman, P.J. and

Baldwin, J. concur.

SGF/sg 520