Castillo Ex Rel. Castillo v. County of Santa Fe

755 P.2d 48, 107 N.M. 204
CourtNew Mexico Supreme Court
DecidedMay 12, 1988
Docket17243
StatusPublished
Cited by79 cases

This text of 755 P.2d 48 (Castillo Ex Rel. Castillo v. County of Santa Fe) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Mexico Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Castillo Ex Rel. Castillo v. County of Santa Fe, 755 P.2d 48, 107 N.M. 204 (N.M. 1988).

Opinions

OPINION

RANSOM, Justice.

We granted certiorari to examine the waiver of immunity under Section 41-4-6 of the Tort Claims Act, NMSA 1978, Sections 41-4-1 to -27 (Repl.Pamp.1986). The immunity from tort liability granted a governmental entity and its employees pursuant to Section 41-4-4 of the Tort Claims Act does not apply “to liability for damages resulting from bodily injury * * * caused by the negligence of public employees while acting within the scope of their duties in the operation or maintenance of any building, public park, machinery, equipment or furnishings.” § 41-4-6. At issue is whether the maintenance of any building includes keeping the grounds of a public housing project safe from unreasonable risk of harm to its residents and invitees. Although the court of appeals affirmed the trial court’s dismissal of all named defendants under the immunity granted by the Tort Claims Act, Castillo specifically requested that this Court only review the dismissal of the cause of action against defendant County of Santa Fe Housing Authority, the governmental agency authorized by the County of Santa Fe to operate county-owned and publicly-funded housing within the county.

On October 23, 1983, three-year-old R. Daniel Castillo was severely bitten by a dog roaming loose on the grounds of the Valle Vista Housing Project, which is a residential complex owned by the County of Santa Fe and operated by the County of Santa Fe-Housing Authority. Daniel was in the care of his aunt, a resident of Valle Vista, and the dog allegedly belonged to another resident.

Virginia Castillo, as Daniel’s mother and next friend, sued the defendants for their alleged failure to keep the premises of Valle Vista safe and for their alleged failure to enforce the county’s animal control ordinances. The trial court dismissed the complaint against all defendants for failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted. See SCRA 1986, 1-012(B)(6) (commonly known as Rule 12(B)(6)). The court of appeals affirmed, holding that it was not within the contemplation of Section 41-4-6 for the maintenance of any building to include keeping the grounds safe from roaming dogs or requiring enforcement of animal control statutes. Without any specific regard to animal control statutes, we find that Section 41-4-6 does contemplate waiver of immunity where due to the alleged negligence of public employees an injury arises from an unsafe, dangerous, or defective condition on property owned and operated by the government, and for that reason we reverse.

For purposes of a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(B)(6), this Court assumes the truth of the facts alleged in the complaint. Schear v. Board of County Comm’rs of Bernalillo County, 101 N.M. 671, 687 P.2d 728 (1984). A motion to dismiss should be granted only if it appears that upon no facts provable under the complaint could the plaintiff recover or be entitled to relief. Environmental Improvement Div. of N.M. Health & Env’t Dep’t v. Aguayo, 99 N.M. 497, 660 P.2d 587 (1983). Under the allegations of her complaint, it appears that Castillo could prove that the Housing Authority was aware or should have been aware of the continuing problem of loose-running dogs and the resulting danger this condition posed for the common area of Valle Vista which the Housing Authority had the duty to maintain in a safe condition.

The defendant claims that it is immune from suit pursuant to Section 41-4-4 and that dismissal under Rule 12(B)(6) is proper. It contends that the waiver of immunity under Section 41-4-6 is inapplicable because the failure to control loose-running dogs bears no relationship to the maintenance of a public building. The defendant argues that the injuries complained of did not occur due to a defect in a public building. See Wittkowski v. State, 103 N.M. 526, 710 P.2d 93 (Ct.App.), cert. quashed, 103 N.M. 446, 708 P.2d 1047 (1985), overruled on other grounds, Silva v. State, 106 N.M. 472, 745 P.2d 380 (1987). Moreover, even assuming Section 41-4-6 extends to premises liability, the defendant maintains that the injury did not arise from a defective condition existing upon the land of the housing project.

The Wittkowski court held that maintenance of the state penitentiary building did not include the security, custody, and classification of inmates. Id. 103 N.M. at 530, 710 P.2d at 97. Wittkowski did not fully answer whether the property surrounding buildings owned and operated by the government falls within the waiver of Section 41-4-6. In resolving that issue, we must interpret the words used in that section in light of the intended purpose of the provision. See Miller v. Department of Transp., 106 N.M. 253, 254, 741 P.2d 1374, 1375 (1987). “We consistently have given a construction to the Act that would effect its remedial intentions.” Id. at 254, 741 P.2d at 1375.

A plain reading of Section 41-4-6 convinces us that the legislature intended to ensure the safety of the general public by imposing upon public employees a duty to exercise reasonable care in maintaining premises owned and operated by governmental entities. By the legislature's inclusion of both buildings and parks within the waiver provision, we discern no intent to exclude from that waiver liability for injuries arising from defective or dangerous conditions on the property surrounding a public building. See Tilford v. Wayne County Gen. Hosp., 403 Mich. 293, 269 N.W.2d 153 (1978). We hold that the common grounds upon which the county-owned and operated Valle Vista Housing Project is situated falls within the definition of any building under Section 41-4-6.

The defendant argues that maintenance, i.e., the care and upkeep of something, cannot be read to include keeping residents of Valle Vista safe from attacks by loose-running dogs. The court of appeals agreed, citing Smith v. Village of Corrales, 103 N.M. 734, 713 P.2d 4 (Ct.App. 1985), cert. denied, 103 N.M. 740, 713 P.2d 556 (1986) (where the failure of Corrales to hire an animal control officer was found not to be conduct falling under Section 41-4-11(A), which waives sovereign immunity for damages caused by the negligence of public employees in the maintenance of highways, roadways and streets).1 In Miller, however, this Court made clear that we look not only to a selective dictionary definition of “maintenance” as that word is used in waiver of immunity provisions under the Act. Id. at 255, 741 P.2d at 1376. “Statutes are to be read in a way that facilitates their operation and the achievement of their goals.” Id. One goal of Section 41-4-6 is to ensure that buildings and property owned and operated by the government are kept safe for the public’s use.

The existence of a duty in this case rests upon whether dogs roaming loose upon the common grounds of a government-operated residential complex could represent an unsafe condition.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
755 P.2d 48, 107 N.M. 204, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/castillo-ex-rel-castillo-v-county-of-santa-fe-nm-1988.