Carson Mumphery v. State

• Court: Court of Appeals of Georgia
• Decided: August 17, 2020
• Docket: A20A0878
• Status: Published

Opinion

FIFTH DIVISION REESE, P. J., MARKLE and COLVIN, JJ.

NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be physically received in our clerk’s office within ten days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed. https://www.gaappeals.us/rules

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August 14, 2020

In the Court of Appeals of Georgia A20A0878. MUMPHREY v. THE STATE.

COLVIN, Judge.

The State filed a delinquency petition in the Juvenile Court of Pickens County

alleging that C. M., a sixteen-year old, committed acts, that if they had committed by

an adult, would have constituted two counts of criminal trespass, three counts of

obstruction of an officer, and one count each of burglary in the first degree, criminal

attempt to commit felony burglary, simple battery and criminal damage to property.

The State then filed a motion requesting that the case be transferred from juvenile

court to superior court. After a hearing, the trial court entered an order granting the

State’s motion. C. M. appeals from that order, arguing that the trial court erred by

failing to file an order dismissing the petition from juvenile court, by failing to stay

the criminal proceedings, and by misapplying the statutory factors outlined in OCGA § 15-11-562. For the following reasons, we affirm the trial court’s order transferring

the case to the superior court, but we remand the case to the trial court for entry of a

dismissal order pursuant to OCGA § 15-11-566.

Georgia’s Juvenile Code addresses the transfer of a juvenile’s case to superior

court for criminal prosecution. See OCGA §§ 15-11-561, 15-11-562; In the Interest

of K. S., 348 Ga. App. 440, 441 (823 SE2d 536) (2019). OCGA § 15-11-561 (a)

provides, in relevant part, that before transferring jurisdiction from the juvenile court

to the superior court, the juvenile court must determine that

(1) There is probable cause to believe that a child committed the alleged offense; (2) Such child is not committable to an institution for the developmentally disabled or mentally ill; and (3) The petition alleges that such child: was at least 15 years of age at the time of the commission of the offense and committed an act which would be a felony if committed by an adult[.]

After making those determinations, and “after consideration of a probation report, risk

assessment, and any other evidence the court deems relevant, including any evidence

offered by a child,” the juvenile court “may determine that because of the seriousness

of the offense or such child’s prior record, the welfare of the community requires that

criminal proceedings against such child be instituted” and transfer the case to superior

2 court. OCGA § 15-11-561 (c). In determining whether transfer to superior court is

appropriate, the juvenile court must also consider the non-exhaustive list of eleven

criteria set forth in OCGA § 15-11-562 (a). See OCGA § 15-11-561 (c); In the

Interest of K. S., 348 Ga. App. at 441. If the juvenile court determines that transfer is

warranted and the juvenile appeals that decision, this Court “is limited to ascertaining

whether there was some evidence to support the juvenile court’s determination[,] and

absent an abuse of discretion, we will affirm the order transferring jurisdiction.”

(Citation and punctuation omitted.) In the Interest of T. S., 336 Ga. App. 352, 352-

353 (785 SE2d 32) (2016). Guided by this framework, we address the arguments

raised by C. M. on appeal.

1. C. M. argues that the juvenile court erred by failing to file an order

dismissing the juvenile petition as required by OCGA § 15-11-566.

If a juvenile court decides to transfer a juvenile for trial in superior court, it

shall dismiss the juvenile court petition alleging delinquency for the offense being

transferred. OCGA § 15-11-566 (a). In its order dismissing the delinquency petition,

the court shall set forth the offense being transferred, and make the following findings

of fact in its dismissal order: “(1) That the court had jurisdiction of the cause and the

parties; (2) That the child subject to transfer was represented by an attorney; and (3)

3 That the hearing was held in the presence of the child subject to transfer and his or

her attorney.” OCGA § 15-11-566 (a). “The dismissal order shall also recount the

reasons underlying the decision to transfer jurisdiction.” OCGA § 15-11-566 (b). The

State concedes that the trial court erroneously failed to file a dismissal order in the

present case. Although the juvenile court’s order addressed all of the criteria set forth

in OCGA § 15-11-566 (a) - (b), it did fail to specifically dismiss C. M.’s case from

the jurisdiction of the juvenile court. Accordingly, we remand the case for entry of

a specific dismissal order pursuant to OCGA § 15-11-566.

2. C. M. next argues that the juvenile court erred by failing to stay the criminal

proceedings as required by OCGA § 15-11-564. We find no error.

C. M. has pointed to no evidence in the record to support his assertion that the

his case has proceeded substantively in the superior court despite his appeal from the

transfer order. The record shows that C. M. has only made one appearance in

magistrate court for the purpose of setting a bond. However, the magistrate court did

not have jurisdiction to pass on the merits of a case transferred to superior court.

A juvenile has the absolute right to appeal a decision of the juvenile court to

transfer a case to superior court. See In the Interest of K. S., 303 Ga. 542, 544 (814

SE2d 324) (2018). However, C. M. erroneously argues that it is the responsibility of

4 the juvenile court to affirmatively “stay criminal proceedings” after issuing an order

of transfer. Georgia law is clear that it is the pendency of an appeal, rather than any

judicial action, that stays further proceedings. See OCGA § 15-11-564 (b) (“The

pendency of an interlocutory appeal shall stay criminal proceedings in criminal

court”); In the Interest of K. S., 303 Ga. at 546 (“OCGA § 15-11-564 (b) stays

proceedings in the superior court as soon as the juvenile court’s decision is

pending”). The juvenile court did not err.

C. M.’s argument that his right, as a juvenile proceeding before juvenile court,

to a sealed record was violated has been waived because he failed to raise it during

the transfer hearing. See In the Interest of T. S., 336 Ga. App. at 357 (1) (b) (“Because

[appellant] made no challenge below . . . to make his case public” when his case was

transferred from juvenile to superior court, “his claim on appeal that doing so violated

his right to privacy was waived”) (citation omitted).

3. OCGA § 15-11-562 (a) (1) - (11) sets forth a non-exhaustive list of eleven

factors that a juvenile court “shall consider in determining whether to transfer an

alleged delinquent child” to the superior court. C. M. argues that the juvenile court

abused its discretion by misapplying two of the eleven statutory factors to be

considered under OCGA § 15-11-562: the seriousness of the offense and the child’s

5 amenability to treatment or rehabilitative treatments. See OCGA § 15-11-562 (a) (2),

(11). We find no error.

(a) C. M. contends that the juvenile court abused its discretion in finding that

the offenses he is charged with weigh in favor of the transfer to superior court

because they are not designated felonies.1

OCGA § 15-11-562 (a) (2) requires the juvenile court to inquire into “[t]he

seriousness of the alleged offense, especially if personal injury resulted[.]” The

juvenile court’s order concluded that

the alleged offenses are very serious in nature in that the most serious charges are charges of Burglary [in the] First Degree and Attempt to Commit a Felony Burglary [in the] First Degree. . . . based on the evidence and testimony, the seriousness of these charges [is] supported by the facts that a family was present in the home, including children, as [C. M.] attempted to enter the home causing emotional injury to the family members inside the residence. The seriousness is further supported by the evidence of a Burglary of a nearby residence [attributable to C. M.].

1 Designated felonies in the context of juvenile court are those crimes which the superior court enjoys exclusive jurisdiction over, rather than concurrent jurisdiction with the juvenile court. These crimes are enumerated at OCGA § 15-11- 560 (b).

6 C. M. has not cited to any legal authority that a juvenile court cannot consider a crime

to be serious unless it was a designated felony. We decline to do so here. The juvenile

court’s finding that C. M.’s offenses were serious in nature was supported by the

evidence.

(b) C. M. contends that the juvenile court abused its discretion in finding that

C. M. was not amenable to rehabilitation because not all of the treatment options

available to C. M. through the juvenile court system had not yet been exhausted.

OCGA § 15-11-562 (a) (11) requires the juvenile court to inquire into “[w]hether or

not a child can benefit from the treatment or rehabilitative programs available to the

juvenile court.”

The juvenile court’s order in the instant case stated that C. M. “has a history

with this Juvenile Court system,” and had “been through a majority of the juvenile

court’s rehabilitative programs, including counseling, probation, drug testing, house

arrest.” Despite this, C. M. “continued to violate his conditions [of probation] by

continuing to receive additional charges.” The juvenile court noted that “the available

programs offered by [the juvenile court] to [C. M.] have been exhaustive and that they

have shown to be unsuccessful as [C. M.] continues to accumulate further charges.”

As a result, the juvenile court concluded that C. M. “would not benefit” from further

7 treatment and rehabilitative programs offered by the juvenile court. The trial court’s

conclusions were supported by the evidence presented at the motion to transfer

hearing. See In the Interest of J. M. S., 334 Ga. App. 142, 145-147 (1) (778 SE2d

391) (2015) (juvenile court did not abuse its discretion in determining that juvenile

was not amenable to treatment in the juvenile system when juvenile had been non-

compliant with a juvenile-treatment program in the past and despite his history in the

juvenile-court system, he continued to engage in criminal activity that engaged in

severity) (overruled on other grounds by In the Interest of J. H., 340 Ga. App. 733,

735 (797 SE2d 185) (2017)).

(c) C. M. asserts that the juvenile court erred by failing to conduct a balancing

test of the juvenile’s amenability to treatment by the interests of the community.

However, such a balancing test is not mandated by the current version of OCGA § 15-

11-562. Georgia case law has held that such a balancing test is required when the

State seeks a transfer to superior court under a theory that, even though the juvenile

might be amenable to treatment within the juvenile court system, the seriousness of

the crime warrants it. See In the Interest of D. C., 303 Ga. App. 395, 399 (1) (c) (693

SE2d 596) (2010); In the Interest of J. L. B., 240 Ga. App. 655, 657 (2) (523 SE2d

8 645) (1999). Here, the trial court’s order concluded that C. M. would not be amenable

to further treatment as a juvenile and thus, a balancing test was not required.

Based upon the above, we affirm the juvenile court’s order granting the State’s

motion to transfer C. M.’s case to superior court, but we remand the case for the entry

of an order specifically dismissing the case pursuant to OCGA § 15-11-566.

Judgment affirmed in part and vacated in part, and case remanded with

direction. Reese, P. J., and Markle, J., concur.